The document outlines India's national population policy from 2000. It notes that India currently makes up 16% of the world's population on only 2.4% of land. The policy's objectives are to reduce the total fertility rate to replacement level by 2010 in order to stabilize the population by 2045. It identifies causes and effects of population explosion like poverty, unemployment and environmental degradation. The policy proposes strategies like decentralizing family planning services, empowering women, improving health services, and increasing participation and awareness through information campaigns.

1. NATIONAL POPULATION POLICY
Mrs. Namita Batra Guin
Associate Professor

2. Introduction
• 16% of the world’s population is Indian, occupying 2.4% of the total
globe’s land area.
• Every 6th person on the globe is an Indian, and by turn of the
century, every 5th person on the planet will become Indian.
• India adds one Australia every eight months
• By 2045, India will overtake China, if current rates persists.
• 49% of the Indian population comes from 4 states- Bihar, Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.
• India adds about 10lakh persons to its population every fortnight.

3. Population Explosion
• A phenomenon of the size of a population
tending to a very large number in a finite
interval of time is called as population
explosion.

4. Causes of Population Explosion
• Widening gap between birth rate and death rate
• Low age at marriage
• Unfavorable religious attitude towards family planning
• Gender differences
• Socio-economic status of the family particularly status of the women in
decision making
• Importance of male child
• Lack of information
• Lack of choice of contraceptives
• Poor services of family planning
• Poverty

5. EFFECTS of Population Explosion
• Living standards of the population- homeless, unsafe drinking water,
illiterate, underweight, malnourished, overcrowded house etc.
• Rise in crime and violence
• Unemployment
• Poverty
• Famine- lack of cooking fuel, food.
• Lack of facilities
• Poor sanitation services
• Environmental degradation
• Deforestation

6. REASONS FOR FAILURE TO CONTROLPopulation
Explosion
• Lack of political commitment
• Lack of people participation
• Lack of quality health services
• Lack of education
• Lack of overall development
• Lack of appropriate technology
• Lack of transparent administration
• Lack of women empowerment

7. MILESTONES POPULATION POLICY 2000
• 1948- Bhore committee
• 1952- family planning program
• 1976- statement of population policy
• 1977- policy statement on family welfare program
• 1983- NHP, with a goal of NRR=1
• 1991- National development council appointed a Committee on population
• 1993- Dr. MS Swaminathan report on National population was submitted
• 1997- draft of NPP was approved by the cabinet, but could not be placed in both the
houses.
• 1999- another draft of the policy was finalised which was later approved and
launched as NPP2000.

8. OBJECTIVES OF NPP 2000
• Immediate Objectives
• To meet the unmet need of contraception
• Strengthening the health infrastructure
• Strengthening the health personnel
• Promote integrated services delivery for basic RCH care.
• Mid Term Objectives
• To bring TFR to the replacement level 2 by 2010
• Long Term Objectives
• Stabilize the population by 2045

9. Socio- demographic goals OF NPP 2000
• Address to the unmet needs for basic RCH services, supplies and infrastructure.
• Make school education compulsory up to age of 14years.
• Reduce IMR 30/1000 live births
• Reduce MMR less than 1 per 1000 live births
• Achieve universal immunization against all VPD’s.
• Marriage age for girls 18years but preferable 20 years.
• Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100% by the trained personnel
• Achieve 100% registration of vital events.
• Prevention and control of communicable diseases
• Promote small family norm to achieve TFR of 2.1.
• Integration of ISM in provision of RCH services.

10. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Decentralized planning and program and
implementation
73rd and 74th amendments in the constitution
made health, family welfare and education a
responsibility of village Panchayat Raj
Institutions (PRI). 33% of the PRI seats are
reserved for women.

11. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Conversion of service delivery at village level
• Extension of the basic RCH services through mobile
clinics.
• Involvement of voluntary and non-govt. sectors.
• 2 TBA per village is required.
• Equipped maternity hut in each village should be set
up to serve as a delivery room with functioning
midwifery kits, essential medicine and supplies for
maternal and newborn care.

12. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Empowering women for improved health and
nutrition
• Problems can be mitigated through low cost interventions
designed for low income settings.
• Voluntary non-govt. sector and private sector to actively
collaborate with community and govt. through specific
commitments in the areas of basic education.
• Programs like oral rehydration, immunization, child survival
etc. integrated into Reproductive and child health program.

13. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Child survival and child health
• Priority to intensified neonatal care.
• National Technical Committee to set up, consisting of
consultants in Obstetrics, pediatrics, family health,
medical research and biostatistician.
• Improving the education for all perinatal health care
providers.
• Baby friendly hospital initiative (BFHI), to be extended
to all hospitals and clinics up to the sub centers.

14. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Meeting the unmet needs for the Family Welfare
Services
• strengthen the infrastructure at village, sub center
and primary health center
• Improve the facilities for referral transportation
• Encourage and strengthen local initiatives for
ambulance services at village and block levels
• Increase innovative social marketing schemes

15. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Urban slums- basic and primary health care services
need to be provided.
• Coordination with municipal bodies of water,
sanitation etc.
• Campaigning regarding secondary and tertiary facilities
available

16. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Tribal communities, hill areas and migrant
population- special attention on RCH services, basic
health.
• Provision for mobile clinics
• Information and counseling on infertility and regular
supply of standardized medication.

17. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Adolescent- programs related to education and
delayed marriage should be encouraged.
• RCH services should be provided to adolescent girls
and boys of rural India.
• Enforcement of the Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976.

18. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Greater emphasis for the underserved
population group
• Increased participation of men in planned
parenthood- active involvement of men for planning
families, supporting contraceptive use etc. should be
encouraged
• Re-popularization of the vasectomies- NSV, as safe and
simplest methods.

19. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Diverse health care provider
• Private practitioners need to be accredited and
assigned with defined beneficiary groups.
• Need to revive system of licensed medical
practitioners.

20. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Collaboration with and commitments from
private agencies and NGOs:
• Mobilize the private sector to serve public health
goals.
• Issues related to PPP should be addressed
carefully.

21. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Involvement of ISM in RCH services
• ISM&H should be utilized in basic RCH service delivery.
• Optimize utilization of locally based remedies and
cures and promote low cost health care.
• Guidelines to ensure standardization, efficacy and
safety of ISM&H drugs for wider entry into national
markets.

22. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Contraceptive technology and research in RCH:
• ISMH academic and research institutions to be
engaged in the social, demographic and behavioral
research.
• Population research centers need to be revitalized and
strengthened.
• Strengthening of MIS.

23. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Information, education and communication
• Massive campaigns on population related issues to
be undertaken.
• Doctors, vaidyas, hakims, nurses, local midwives,
women’s organization, youth organization and
popular stars can be utilized for the campaigns.

24. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Legislation
• 42nd Constitutional amendment allows seats of
both the houses to be frozen on the basis of 1971
census till 2026.
• It is a disincentive for poor performing states like
U.P. and M.P etc.

25. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• NEW STRUCTURE
• National level: National Commission on Population,
to be chaired by PM and all chief ministers.
• State level: State level commission on population.
Coordination cell for intersectoral coordination and
technology support for designing and monitoring
projects at state level.

26. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Promotional an motivational measures for adoption of small family norm
• Panchayats and Zila parishads to be awarded for best performances
• Balika Samridhi Yojana provide cash incentive Rs.500 at birth of a girl child of
birth order 1 or 2.
• Maternity benefit scheme provide cash incentive to mothers who have their
first child after 19yrs of age.
• Couples of BPL families to be rewarded for their active involvement in family
planning.
• Village level self help groups will be set up.
• Innovated social marketing schemes will be promoted.
• Ambulance services at village level will be strengthened.
• Increased vocational training for girls
• Strict enforcement of PNDT Act, 1994.

27. STRATEGIES NPP 2000
• Implementation
• Empowered Action Group has been constituted under the
chairmanship of Union Minister of health and family welfare.
• National Commission of population has been constituted and many
state commission on the same lines have been established in many
states.
• State population policies have been formulated in many states.

28. Jansankhya Sthiratha Kosh
• National population stabilization fund was renamed and registered as
JSK in June 2003.
• Objective is the attainment of the goals of NPP 2000
• Fund supports the programs, projects, schemes, initiatives and
innovative ideas designed by Govt., NGO’s etc.
• General body of JSK is chaired by the Minister of health and family
welfare, while Governing Board is chaired by the Secretary (H&FW)