Understanding national human resource development as it is defined by various scholars from 2004 to 2012.

1. National Human
Resource
Development
(NHRD)
© Charlene Mutamba 2014

2. 2004. NHRD is every effort, such as
education, training, cultural activities and
institutional improvement at national and
societal levels for the purpose of efficient
development and utilization of national
human resources (Cho & McLean).

3. 2004. NHRD goes beyond employment
and preparation for employment issues to
include health, culture, safety, community,
and a host of other considerations that have
not typically been perceived as manpower
planning or human capital investment
(McLean, p. 269).

4. 2004.NHRD in the context of Kenya’s
national HRD is synonymous with education to
eradicate “ignorance, disease, and poverty
therefore NHRD initiatives should address
population, human resource planning and
development, education, manpower training,
employment and labor market policies, poverty
interventions, youth development, health,
shelter, housing and other welfare perspectives
(Lutta-Mukhebi, p. 327).

5. 2004. NHRD is a process or processes
of organized capability and competence
based learning experiences undertaken
within a specified period of time to bring
about individual and organizational growth
and performance improvement, and to
enhance national economic, cultural and
social development (Lynham &
Cunningham, p.319).

6. 2004. NHRD in St. Lucia is a process
whereby the private, public, and other
sectors collectively implement programs
directed at the development of workforce
skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are
driven by national development goals. It
focuses on reforming the education system
and the development of the workforce
(Scotland, p. 359).

7. 2005. NHRD is the development of a
national policy of skills development and is
normally devised by governmental
administration departments. Human
Resource Development initiatives can be
regionally oriented within a nation state or
incorporate partnerships with other
governments (Metcalfe & Rees, p.457).

8. 2005. NHRD is all the activities and
efforts that contribute to the understanding
and development of human expertise, that
improve workplace learning and
performance, and that yield individual,
organizational, and national benefits, within
the context of overall economic, social, and
human development (Cox, Estrada, Lynham,
& Motii, p.445).

9. 2006.NHRD in Brazil as a systematic
development of human skills, capabilities and
knowledge through multilevel learning
processes directed by an organizational,
community and national mission and strategy
for the purpose of performance improvement as
evidenced in the wellbeing and growth of
individuals and the organizations, communities
and national of which they are an integral part
(Hasler, Thompson & Schuler, p. 108).

10. 2006. NHRD is the national effort to
maximize social efficiency for and publicize
human resources. These goals can be
achieved by enhancing social capital, such as
morality and character, and developing core
competencies required for a knowledge-based
economy, leading to individual growth, efficient
utilization of management systems and,
ultimately, competency of the whole nation
(Ahn & McLean, p.263).

11. 2012.NHRD as encompassing education
and training issues, which include: basic
education, industrial training, productivity
and equity in labor forces and workplaces,
creation of comparable labor market data,
lifelong learning and management
development (Ardichvili, Zavyalova and
Minina).