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![Literacy rate from 1951 to 2011[99]
Year T
otal
1961 21.95
1971 23.17
1981 32.32
1991 37
.49
2001 47
.53
2011 63.82](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biharjano-220111032546/75/Bihar-Jano-18-2048.jpg)
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![ 1995 – Lalu Prasad Yadav became chief minister
– Corruption charges forced his resignation
anointed his wife CM through proxy
– Led to deterioration of administration
but
2005 and 2010
– In 2005, the RJD [Lalu] was voted out of power and
replaced by a coalition headed by his former ally,
Nitish Kumar
. In 2010 also his group won 206 out of
243.Bihar e-Governance Services & Technologies
(BeST) and the Government of Bihar have initiated a
unique program to establish a center of excellence
called Bihar Knowledge Center
, a finishing school.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/biharjano-220111032546/75/Bihar-Jano-30-2048.jpg)
Uploaded byH Janardan Prabhu
Bihar Jano
- Bihar is located in northeast India, bordering Nepal. It has a population of over 100 million and its capital and largest city is Patna. - Historically, Bihar was an important center of learning with ancient universities like Nalanda. However, many centers of learning were destroyed during invasions in medieval times. - Bihar has experienced slow development and high poverty rates. However, in recent years the state government has prioritized improving infrastructure, education, healthcare, and implementing e-governance programs to boost the economy and human development.
Bihar Jano
- 1. Nepal Uttar frade,h West !)engal AState of Bharath
- 2. Upper northeast cornerof India, right before it gets squeezed between Bhutan and Bangladesh. Many important rivers pass through Bihar . In the southern foothills of the Himalaya Mountain Range, touching Nepal. Bihar is the tan state within the red shape.
- 3. -·-- ,.�- BIHAR Agriculture Map '• ' N Singha -· q. � -p E N A L . ' - • .I', --.- . _ .. -, - ,, -:»: / -c �· ..,.c.,'! -. - " .r » '- .. J Ba11"18ti Weir .. la .. ....., , � Tnsula ,,.��er ',) ,)'t.t/. Q n Weir I .-. I ( • • • · ., � II I PRADESH OJ m , . '- , , � ) -J 'r J -Potato Rice Mango Chilli JHARKHAND f � Wheat -Others CD Millets .._. ' Pulses Maize Jute Q • Map not to� Copyright C 2008 Compare lnfoba•• Limit.ct
- 4. BIHAR' S DEVELOPMENTA L CHALLENGE S D 3rd mostpopulated state accounting for 1/7 of India's population below poverty line. D In human development indices and also in many sectors, National growing the State lags seriously behind trends a contributing factor to income gap across States. the the D Very poor infrastructure.
- 5. Bihar has apopulation of 104 million. It is The This a majority male population(52.6%) total area of land is 94,163 sq. km is divided into two main regions: the North Ganga Plain and the South Ganga Plain Further divided there are 38 districts Capital city is Patna
- 6. Per capitaincome was Rs. 28317 Density: 880 people per sq. mile Birth rate: 30.9 per 1000 in 2012-13 Death rate: 7.9 per 1000 Population grew 28.4% from Rural development has three 1991-2001 actors i.e. officials, elected representatives and villagers.
- 7. Bihar has alluvialsoil, replenished by flood waters, suitable for agriculture. Often a governing elite that controlled the political and the economic aspects life. both of Trade (and migration) is increasingly important.
- 8. The Ganges dividesBihar into two unequal halves and flows through the middle from west to east. Other Ganges tributaries are the Son, Budhi Gandak, Chandan, Orhani and Phalgu. Though the Himalayas begin at the foothills, a short distance inside Nepal and to the north of Bihar , the mountains influence Bihar's landforms, climate, hydrology and culture.
- 9. Central parts ofBihar have some small hills, for example the Rajgir hills. T o the south is the Chota Nagpur plateau, which was part of Bihar until 2000 but now is part of a separate state called Jharkhand.
- 10. Gross statedomestic product of Bihar for the year 2013/2014 has been around 3683.37 billion INR. By sectors, its composition is: – Agriculture = 22% – Industry = 5% – Services = 73%. The economy of Bihar is largely service-oriented, has a significant agricultural base. The state also but has it a small industrial sector . More recently, Bihar's state GDP recorded a very high growth (in the excess of 10%), making Bihar the fastest growing major state of India.
- 11. One ofthe most notable features of Bihar is its location in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This plain is very fertile, making it ideal for an agrarian society.
- 12. Located in thenortheast of the country, on the border with Nepal, Bihar was India’s third populous state. Historically, it was the base of an agrarian movement that championed the rights of most peasant farmers. Most of its residents were scattered across 45,000 villages, where many cultivated the plain that surrounded the Ganges River . Bihar was the country’s poorest state, and more than half the population subsisted on less than the equivalent of one US dollar a day.
- 13. Historically Biharhad been a major of learning Originated from the time of Buddha or even earlier Home of one of the earliest universities, center Nalanda, which dates back to the century 5th Vikramshia, which is another university is located there as well
- 14. During medieval period,education was lost. Believed that marauding armies of the invaders destroyed the centers of learning.
- 15. Has an overallliteracy of 63.82% Male literacy rate of 73.39% Female literacy rate of 53.57% Only 21% of all primary school teachers completed the matriculation have Because of the law of affirmative action that reserves jobs and education for people of backward classes, students from Bihar are performing well in respect to better economically well off states in India
- 16. During 1970sand 1980s government took control over private schools Because government was ill-equipped the standards of the schools began to fall However , government did not take over schools ran by Christian missionaries, and these schools still provided quality education
- 17. Central government runsa number of Kendriya Vidyalayas (Central Schools) Jawahar Navodaya Schools were made by the late Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi for rural children Have been successful in providing quality education to the weaker sections of the society
- 18. Literacy rate from1951 to 2011[99] Year T otal 1961 21.95 1971 23.17 1981 32.32 1991 37 .49 2001 47 .53 2011 63.82
- 19. Modern Bihar hadan inadequate educational infrastructure which places a huge impact between supply and demand The growing population had made the situation even worse, and had led to a ―flooding‖ of the student population to other states in order to obtain better education and jobs. Only 51% of the children enrolled in primary school actually attended, 59% of those who do attend did not have textbooks, and 13% of the children in Bihar were not enrolled at all.
- 20. Bihar lagged behindin the overall progress of India. Per capita GDP: Rs. 4000 per month in Bihar national average of Rs.12000 per month. Nearly 10% more people living below the poverty line than the average for India Reasons for slow development Inadequate investment in infrastructure, irrigation, and technology. vs. CM Nitish Kumar tried to change this from 2005.
- 21. 2 cropseasons: & Rabi Major crops: Kharif – – – – – Rice Sugar T obacco Wheat Jute Other minor crops: – – – Chilli Mango Oil Seeds
- 22. . , t •00 1 .. .. _,.. .J ,(." . - - . . r, ' _, N . ' .I ,- I ,N E P A L ,,, ·, I ) L ..... '1Bettiah ·,.- .. ,. ........... .) .f I - I , © ,.. �.,:, , .- ' Gopalg•nJ ® UTTAR PRADESH ® Shivhar Mu •zaffarpur r. ·, • .,Chl,>pra ,.... 1_f°", ,,., Samastipur - ® Pum1a HaJipur '' Ara 0 Buxa r I {' ......., Khagarla ® ®Mung@r PATN A I _, KaLihar ... ,., Begusaral® ,,- I .•• l v,esr • ., """ "' BENGAL Jahanablld ® Bihar1'1 Sharif- I Bhabhua @Luck@esara l Bh�•lpur '�.: � ' J LEGEND Bawute Cemenl Mortar Dolomile Glass Sand M.ca all Others ,.I I <i) Shokhupura • • Na,v3da ' • ® G:lya • @Sasaram ® ©Jamul '' • • • Banka ,." ' I ® Aurangabad ,._, t 1 ,.,,:.,• I ",ol.l I t> I I />:J ':.,. I...... J 't ..- r. ..,..- ... '1,(1."'/� • .· ,.,.J _...., �/' � I ', J " / '- ,_J...... ..' '- · -.... ,,..., b - pncttoSca S '., JHAR.KHAND 1 t tcp,Jright C 2006 Comps,r Wob1111 Umlt11d '1 •
- 23. Bihar hassignificant levels of production of mango, guava, litchi, pineapple, brinjal, cauliflower , bhindi, and cabbage. Despite the state's leading role in food production, investment in irrigation and other agriculture facilities has been inadequate. Historically, the sugar and vegetable flourishing sectors of Bihar . Until the India's sugar output was from Bihar . large agro-industrial town. oil industries were mid-1950s, 25% of Dalmianagar was a
- 24. There were attemptsto industrialise the state between 1950 and 1980: an oil refinery in Barauni, a motor scooter plant at Fatuha, and a power plant at Muzaffarpur . However , these were forced to shut down due to certain central government policies (like the Freight Settlement Policy) which neutralised the strategic advantages of Bihar . Barauni is still one of the few old industrialised towns in the state. Hajipur , near Patna, remains a major industrial town in the Bihar , linked to the capital city through the Ganges bridge and good road infrastructure
- 25. N E PA L / ,,.,. ,,/ I I 'l � � , rJ 'f ) I LEGEND Sugarcane (J!J Rice �t Oil Seeds Cotton Wheat Pulses Maize Jute - ' C]J • I Q • Potato Rice Mango Chilli JHARKHANO .. .. 11 CJ Wheat Others Map not to Seate Copyright Cl 2008 Compare lnfobase Limited OJ Millets
- 26. Very littledue to the division of southern Bihar into the separate state of Jharkhand Most mineral production takes Jharkhand place in Some Minerals Produced – – – Coal Bauxite Dolomite
- 27. Oil refineryin Barauni Motor scooter plant Fatuha Power plant at Muzaffarpur Attempt to bring in at I C T in Bihar recently.
- 28. Bicameral Legislature –Upper-house Legislative Council – Lower-house Legislative Assembly Governor appointed by president of India – Head of state Real executive power rests with Chief Minister 7 administrative divisions and 39 divisions Each division has a divisional commissioner District magistrate and collector in each division Sub divisional officer in each of the 76 subdivisions
- 29. High courtat Patna – Chief justice and several other justices – District courts and sub divisional courts, councils and village Currently 2 main political formations – NDA Janata Dal and Bharatiya Janata Party Rashtriya Janata Dal Indian National Congress –
- 30. 1995 –Lalu Prasad Yadav became chief minister – Corruption charges forced his resignation anointed his wife CM through proxy – Led to deterioration of administration but 2005 and 2010 – In 2005, the RJD [Lalu] was voted out of power and replaced by a coalition headed by his former ally, Nitish Kumar . In 2010 also his group won 206 out of 243.Bihar e-Governance Services & Technologies (BeST) and the Government of Bihar have initiated a unique program to establish a center of excellence called Bihar Knowledge Center , a finishing school.
- 31. By 2012, Biharhad earned acclaim for its technology- related gains, and the government of India recognized the turnaround through e-governance awards. Kumar’s efforts earned him the nickname Sushasan Babu, or Mr . Good Governance. Still, significant limitations remained: lack of integration among information and communications systems prevented proper coordination across departments. Lack of electricity and Internet connectivity in many areas prevented citizens from taking full advantage of the services.
- 32. T rained as anengineer , Nitish Kumar believed in the power of technology to improve governance. As India’s minister of railways from 2001 to 2004, he had initiated an online ticketing process for the 100 million people who traveled by train each year . His emphasis on ICT as a tool for administrative reform built on broader technology shifts taking place in India.
- 33. Bihar is pioneerin the field of yoga with its internationally renowned institute Bihar School of Yoga in Munger . Bihar e-Governance Services & T echnologies (BeST) and the Government of Bihar have initiated a unique program to establish a center of excellence called Bihar Knowledge Center , a finishing school to equip students with the latest skills and customised short-term training programs at an affordable cost. The center aims to attract the youth of the state to improve their technical, professional, and soft skills, to meet the current requirements of the industrial job market
- 34. Bihar, had femaleliteracy at 53.3%. The government has established educational institutions to improve this. Bihar has a National Institute of T echnology (NIT) in Patna and an Indian Institute of T echnology (IIT) in Patna.Arecent survey by Pratham rated the absorption of their teaching by the Bihar children better than those in other states.
- 35. The best talentpool of engineers is in Delhi, Bihar and Jharkhand says the National Employability Report of Engg Graduates, 2014 byAspiring Minds, which makes Bihar one of the top three states producing best Engg Graduates in terms of Quality and Employability .
- 36. Chhath – Worship God T eej – Worship Parvati of the Sun of Goddess
- 37. Bihar has contributedto Indian (Hindustani) classical music. Bharat Ratna Ustad Bismillah Khan was from Bihar , who, however , left Bihar at an early age. Dhrupad singers like the Malliks (of the Darbhanga Gharana), and the Mishras (of the Bettiah Gharana), who were patronised by the Zamindars of Darbhanga and Bettiah respectively , have produced masters like Ram Chatur Mallik, Abhay Narayan Mallik, and Indra Kishore Mishra. While perhaps not as well- known as those of the Dagar school of Dhrupad, these masters have kept the Dhrupad tradition in perhaps the purest
- 38. Women must have adowry before they get married. A woman's possessions go to her husband, and then upon her death, to her children. •A woman in Bihar has very few possessions, usually no education, and very little autonomy .
- 39. Religion alsoplayed a much more important role (long ago) e.g., Buddha, Mahavira Construction of major architectural works is more common—specifically temples and shrines Advancement of leisure and arts Further stratification of the social classes
- 40. Hinduism Buddhism Jainism
- 41. The thirdlargest religion in the diverse sects. Five Basic Tenets: world with – – – – – Dharma (ethics or duties) Samsara (the continuing cycle Karma (action and reaction) of rebirth) Moksha (liberation from samsara) Yogas (paths or practices)
- 42. Governed bythe teachings of Gautama known as Buddha Siddhartha – – – Rebirth Karma The Four Noble Truths There There There There is suffering is is is a cause of suffering the cessation of suffering a way leading to the cessation of suffering Often described as a way of life instead of religion. a
- 43. Founded inthe Bihar . 6th century B.C. in ancient Three main tenets: – Ahimsa (non- violence): Towards both humans and animals. Leads to the propagation of vegetarianism Aparigraha (non- attachment): Freeing the soul through the disregard of material objects. – Anekantwad (relativity): No absolute truth. Everything is possible. –
- 44. Ahirs Endogamous/ exogamousclans Marriages arranged Marriage of first cousins prohibited Wed at time of marriage Bride moves into household of husband’s Extended family family Divorce allowed but requires approval of the caste’s council
- 45. Endogamous/Exogamous Don’tmarry before the boy can build a plow and the girl can weave and spin Marriages negotiated and depend on consent of involved parties Bride-price paid in both cash and goods T ake up residence in husband’s fathers house Nuclear family preferred
- 46. Village and clanexogamy Patrilineal extended 5-7 members Arranged marriages family most common Bride price paid Divorce rare as marriage is seen as lifelong undertaking
- 47. India’s CasteSystem: describes the social stratification and social restrictions in society, ―in social classes are defined by of endogamous hereditary groups, often termed as jātis thh oiu ch sand s or castes‖. ―The Indian Constitution has outlawed caste-based discrimination, and caste barriers have mostly broken down in large cities. However , it still persist in rural areas of the country, and in various forms, does continue to play a major role in Indian society and politics‖.
- 48. Different Castes:Brahman, Bhumihar , Rajput, Banias and Kayastha are the dominant castes Kayasthas and Banias are the two important caste groups in the cities and towns. The Brahmans and Kshatriyas belong to the same racial stock, but the Kshatriyas ―are more mixed because of their marriage with various stocks of people‖.
- 49. The Kayasthasare prominent in all modern professional occupations and are generally given the status of elite castes. The Banias predominate in trade and commerce. Bhumihars are regarded as a caste different from the Brahmans and Rajputs. However members of all these in the caste groups have occupied prominent positions educational and political life of the state. Bhumihars, Rajputs Brahmans or Kayasthas Banias
- 50. The lowercastes consist of the Koiri, Kurmi, Kahar , and the Ahir There are many Caste rivalries and prejudices because of narrow-mindedness; however , modern day education systems and efforts the enlightened youth, ―are gradually doing away with the prejudices‖.
- 51. The Ahirs (Yadavas),Kurmis and Koiris are land-owning castes, and they live in the plains of Bihar . The Ahirs or Yadavas are agricultural caste. Cattle-raising is their hereditary occupation, and most are settled cultivators. Some still roam about selling milk and ghee. Koiris are agriculturists. They are distinguished from Kurmis and other purely cultivating castes by their skill in growing vegetables and other special cash crops. They work as market-gardeners in the neighborhoods of the big towns. Many Koiris are rich land owners that still hold occupancy rights. Ahirs = raise cattle Koiris
- 52. The mostnotable castes are Bhumij, Chamar (Mochi), Dhobi, Dom, Dusadh, Musahar , Nat and Pasi. Their means labor . of livelihood is hard manual labor or menial About 92 percent of the total population of these castes lives in the village while those in the towns and cities are slum-dwellers who work on pavements (much like our homeless). Although education is free for them, the vast majority of them still illiterate.
- 53. The Musahars arefield laborers whose wages are paid in cash or in kind according to the traditional custom in the villages. The Dusadhs are of aboriginal descent. A large number of them serve as watchmen. They are also employed as village messengers, grooms, elephant drivers and wood cutters and porters. The Dhanuks are servant class found in every place where there are high caste Hindus. They perform menial household duties along with their family. Some Dhanuks are also cultivators while the females act as maid servants. Musahars Dusadhs Dhanuks
- 54. Prejudice against thelower castes is gradually disappearing in Bihar . In the country districts, the influence of Zamindar (land lords) families is still considerable, but their influence is based more on their position as landlords than as persons of title. The middle class is made up of professionals that for the most part have done away with caste prejudices. Marriage is somewhat different: though inter-caste marriages are now relatively common in India, many Indians still consider caste a major criterion for matrimonial choices. Biharis still prefer to go in for arranged marriages in their own community and caste.
- 55. Folksongs dealing witheveryday life – sohar - performed during childbirth sumangali - associated with wedding ropnigeet - performed during the season of sowing paddy katnigeet - performed during the paddy harvesting season – – –
- 56.
- 57. How did Bihaarchange? The return of safety, fast expansion of the road network and rapid spread of cell phones all created new economic opportunities, so economic growth galloped upward. Agriculture boomed too and rural wages shot up in response to higher productivity plus a new employment guarantee scheme from New Delhi. The old labour surplus that led to much outmigration from the state was replaced by a labour shortage, not just in richer states but even in Bihar. Wages in many places rose above the legal minimum wage.