The document provides an overview of disaster management and key frameworks for disaster risk reduction. It discusses: 1) World risk indices that measure vulnerability to natural hazards like earthquakes, flooding, and drought. Asia is highly vulnerable with half the world's population living in disaster-prone countries. 2) The International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction from 1990-1999 which aimed to reduce loss of life from disasters through international cooperation. 3) The Hyogo Framework for Action from 2005-2015 which defined strategic goals and priorities to mainstream disaster risk reduction into development policies and plans.

1. DISASTER
Management
Mr. Madhukar Sanap
Head of Emergency Management
Email: madhukar.sanap@akdn.org

2. 1. Risk and Vulnerabilities at Global level
2. International Decade for National Disaster Reduction and
UN Resolution
3. Code of Conduct for Humanitarian Workers
4. Humanitarian Charter and Minimum standards in Disaster
Response
Outline

3. World Risk Index 2017 and Vulnerabilities
• Probability of an extreme natural event and its impact on human beings
• Region-wise vulnerability and population exposure to natural hazards
• Exposure to natural hazards such as earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding, drought and sea-level rise

4. Vulnerability of Asia
Asia is famous for its great diversities and
also for disparities .
Half of the total world population live in eight
disaster prone countries
China, India, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Japan,
Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand
Poverty – Inequality - Vulnerability

5. World Risk Index of Vulnerabilities to Natural Disasters

6. Asia Earthquake Vulnerability
Exposure (People/year)
> 100'000
10'000 - 10'000
1'000 - 10'000
100 - 1'000
10 - 100

7. Flood Vulnerability in Asia
Exposure (People/Year)
> 100'000
10'000 - 100'000
1'000 - 10'000
100 - 1'000
10 - 100

8. Cyclones/Typhoon Exposure in Asia
Exposure (People/year)
> 100'000
10'000 - 100'000
1'000 - 10'000
100 - 1'000
10 - 100

9. Water Scarcity

10. Water Scarcity

12. World Natural Catastrophes 2017
World natural catastrophe losses, 2017

13. Distribution of Disasters
13

14. 14
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
History: In 1984, during the 8th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering in San
Francisco, USA Dr. Frank Press proposed an International Decade for Natural Hazard
Reduction and his idea was widely accepted by the worldwide communities.
In 1987, 1988 and 1989, in its resolution of 42/169, 43/918 and 44/236 the General
Assembly of the United Nations decided to designate the 1990's as an International
Decade for Natural Disasters Reduction with the objective to reduce through concerted
international actions, especially in developing countries, loss of life, property damage
and social and economic disruption caused by natural disasters.

15. International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction
Rationale:
• Natural disaster have adversely affected the lives of a great number of people
• Caused considerable damages to infrastructures and properties worldwide
especially in developing countries

16. International Community Recognized -
 Importance of environmental protection for the prevention and mitigation of
natural disasters,
 International community as a whole has now improved its capacity to confront
this problem
 Necessity for demonstrating strong political willpower required to mobilize and
use existing scientific and technical knowledge to mitigate natural disasters
 Important responsibility of the United Nations system as a whole for promoting
international cooperation in order to mitigate natural disasters, provide assistance
and co-ordinate disaster relief, preparedness and prevention,
 Recalling the specific responsibilities and functions in the field of disaster
prevention and preparedness entrusted to the Office of the United Nations Disaster
Relief Coordinator
 Crucial role of professional and other non-governmental organizations,
particularly scientific and technological societies, humanitarian groups and
investment institutions,
 Need for the United Nations system to pay special attention to the least developed,
and developing countries
 Emergency planning for natural disasters and its integration in national
development plans could also be very helpful in preventing other kinds of disasters,
such as those of an industrial or technological nature
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

17. Key Decisions:
1. IDNDR beginning on 1 January 1990
2. Designated 2nd Wednesday of October as International Day for Natural
Disaster Reduction to be observed globally
3. Adopts international frameworks for actions for IDNDR
4. Secretary General to submit progress report to General Assembly on the
implementation, organizational arrangements, and status of international
protocols and conventions for mutual assistance in case of disasters
5. Secretary General to bring IDNDR to the attention of all Governments,
Intergovernmental Organizations, appropriate NGOs, Scientific Institutions,
Economic and Social Council
International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction

19. Global Priorities for Climate Change
Adaptation and Disaster Risk
Reduction in Cities
(1985 UN Resolutions to 2015 SFDRR)

20. 1990 – International Framework of Action for the International Decade
for Natural Disaster Reduction
The goals of the Decade are:
• Improve the capacity of each country to mitigate the effects of natural
disasters
• Develop appropriate guidelines and strategies for applying existing
scientific and technical knowledge, taking into account the cultural and
economic diversity among nations
• Nurture scientific and engineering innovations aimed at closing critical
gaps in knowledge in order to reduce loss of life and property
• Disseminate existing and new technical information related to
measures for the assessment, prediction and mitigation of natural disasters
• Develop measures for the assessment, prediction, prevention and
mitigation of natural disasters through programmes of
– technical assistance and technology transfer,
– demonstration projects, and
– education and training,
– tailored to specific disasters and locations, and to evaluate the effectiveness of those
programmes.

21. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR)
2000 - The IDNDR was replaced and continued by the International Strategy for
Disaster Reduction (ISDR). The ISDR aims to pursue the initiatives and
cooperation agreed on during the IDNDR, and developing new mechanisms as
well as pushing for further commitments from policy-makers.
The overriding goal is to reduce human, social, economic and environmental
losses due to natural hazards (and related technological and environmental
disasters). The building of disaster resilient communities is a main objective.
Objectives of ISDR:
 Increase public awareness to understand risk, vulnerability and disaster reduction
globally.
 Obtain commitment from public authorities to implement disaster reduction
policies and actions
 Stimulate interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral partnerships, including the expansion
of risk reduction networks
 Improve scientific knowledge about disaster reduction

22. The road to the Hyogo Framework for Action
1989: IDNDR 1990-1999 – promotion of disaster reduction, technical and
scientific buy-in
1994: Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action – Mid-review IDNDR, first
blueprint for disaster reduction policy guidance (social & community
orientation)
2000: International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) - increased
public commitment and linkage to sustainable development, enlarged
networking and partnerships. Mechanisms: IATF/DR, ISDR secretariat, UN
Trust Fund
2002: Johannesburg Plan of Implementation- WSSD Includes a new section
on “An integrated, multi-hazard, inclusive approach to address vulnerability, risk
assessment and disaster management…”
2005: WCDR - Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 Building the
Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters

23. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:
Defines:
Strategic goals
 Priorities for Action
 Implementation and follow-up
• Integrates disaster risk reduction into policies, plans and
programmes of sustainable development and poverty reduction
• Recognizes risk reduction as both a humanitarian and development
issue – in the context of sustainable development
• Focus on national implementation, with bi-lateral, multi-lateral,
regional and international cooperation.
The strategic goals towards mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction
into development
 DRR integrated into sustainable development policies and programmes
 Strengthened institutional mechanisms to build capacities for resilience to
hazards;
 DRR as part of preparedness, relief and recovery

24. SUMMARY of the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:
Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (HFA)

26. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction
2015-2030
Third UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015 (UNISDR 2015a)
as the successor instrument to the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015. It is a
non-binding agreement, which the signatory nations, including India, will
attempt to comply with on a voluntary basis:
 Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk.
 Priority 2: Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk.
 Priority 3: Investing in disaster risk reduction for resilience.
 Priority 4: Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and to
“Build Back Better” in recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction.
Role of stakeholder and International Cooperation and Global
Partnerships
It aims to achieve the substantial reduction of disaster risk and losses in lives,
livelihoods and health and in the economic, physical, social, cultural and
environmental assets of persons, businesses, communities and countries over
the next 15 years.

28. The Core Humanitarian Standard

29. • DO DISASTERS OR WARS AFFECTED PEOPLE HAVE
RIGHTS?
• CAN THEY CLAIM / DEMAND FOR THEIR RIGHTS ?

36. What are examples of protection concerns during
humanitarian crises?
Deliberate attack, killing,
wounding, displacement and
disappearance of civilians
Discriminations in access
to assistance, health,
education, water and
economic opportunities
Forced prostitution;
Human Trafficking;
Arbitrary restriction on
movements, forced
returns
Forced recruitment into
armed forces
Torture and inhuman
treatment
Thirst, hunger, disease, caused by the deliberate
destruction of services or denial of livelihoods
Restriction on
political or religious
freedom
Use of landmines
Discrimination
against minorities
Sexual exploitation and
abuse by peacekeepers
or humanitarian staff
Limited access to
markets or fields
Family separation
Loss of birth
certificate
Violence against
children

37. Learning Outcomes
• By the end of this session, participants will be able to:
– List the nine commitments of the CHS
– Describe the format of the CHS, including commitments, quality
criteria, performance indicators, key actions, organisational
responsibilities and guidance notes
– Illustrate how the joint use of the CHS, Humanitarian Charter,
Protection Principles and Sphere technical minimum standards
reinforces the quality, accountability and effectiveness of
humanitarian response.

38. The Core
Humanitarian
Standard:
origins
Nine
commitments
of the CHS

41. What is Sphere
and how shall you
implement the
minimum
standards?

42. Balancing assistance and protection
• Protection Assistance
People’s
dignity

44. What is protection?
• “Protection is concerned with the safety, dignity and rights of
people affected by disaster or armed conflict.”
• (Page 29 Sphere Handbook)
• “Protection is defined as all activities aimed at obtaining full
respect for the rights of the individual in accordance with the
letter and spirit of the relevant bodies of law, namely human
rights law, international humanitarian law and refugee law.”
• (ICRC/IASC-endorsed Definition)

45. Humanitarian
Charter
Avoid
exposing
people to
further harm
as a result of
your actions
Principle 1
Ensure
people’s
access to
impartial
assistance in
accordance
with need &
without
discrimination
Principle 2
Protect
people from
physical and
psychological
harm due to
violence or
coercion
Principle 3
Assist people
to claim their
rights , access
available
remedies and
recover from
effects of
abuse
Principle 4
Protection Principles

46. Module A1 – Sphere: a brief tour
Sphere Training Package 2015

47. Module A1 – Sphere: a brief tour
Sphere Training Package 2015

48. The Core
and
minimum
standards:
Principles
put into
practice
The Core Humanitarian
Standard replacing
Sphere Core Standards Chapter
Commitments, quality criteria,
performance indicators, key actions,
organisational responsibilities
the CHS, Humanitarian
Charter, Protection Principles
and Sphere technical minimum
standards reinforces the
quality, accountability and
effectiveness of humanitarian

49. Water
Supply,
Sanitation, &
Hygiene
Promotion

50. Water Supply, Sanitation, & Hygiene Promotion

51. Water Supply

52. Water Supply & Sanitation

53. Food Security and Nutrition

54. Food Security

56. Shelter and Settlements

57. Shelter and Settlements

58. Health

59. Health

61. THANK YOU