Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through sequences of causally related events unfolding over time. It can be applied to various media like film, TV, and social media profiles. Theorists like Edward Branigan see narratives as embodying judgments about events through cause-and-effect chains with a beginning, middle, and end. Vladimir Propp identified common character types that fulfill narrative functions. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives typically begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an outside force, then involve fighting to restore the initial equilibrium.