Narrative Film Theory
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Narrative theory analyzes how media texts convey meaning through storytelling. It is important to study because narratives are how audiences understand the meaning of different types of media like TV, films, novels and advertisements. There are three key narrative theorists discussed - Vladimir Propp identified common character archetypes like heroes and villains that appear across different stories. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside event that must be resolved. Roland Barthes suggested narratives can be broken down into codes of events and puzzles that engage audiences in deriving meaning.
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Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events. Narrative theorists suggest there are a limited number of character types that audiences use to understand narratives. For example, Vladimir Propp identified character types like the villain, hero, donor, and princess. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption, resolution. Roland Barthes argued narratives can be broken down into codes like action, reference, and symbolism that help readers make sense of stories. Levi-Strauss examined how unconscious cultural values are reflected in narratives through binary oppositions such as good vs bad.
Narrative investigation
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through sequences of causally related events unfolding over time. It can be applied to various media like film, TV, and social media profiles. Theorists like Edward Branigan see narratives as embodying judgments about events through cause-and-effect chains with a beginning, middle, and end. Vladimir Propp identified common character types that fulfill narrative functions. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives typically begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an outside force, then involve fighting to restore the initial equilibrium.
Week 11 lecturenotes com350 narrative criticism
1. The document discusses key concepts and features of narratives, including their purpose to create personal involvement, generate coherence, and organize experiences.
2. It outlines 4 key features of narratives: comprising at least 2 events; events organized by time (not necessarily chronologically); including causal relationships among events; and having a unified subject.
3. The document provides guidance on analyzing artifacts in 3 steps: identifying the objective; identifying narrative features like characters, events, and structure; and assessing how well the narrative achieves its objective.
Narrative theory
This document summarizes key concepts and theorists related to narrative theory. It discusses how narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through storytelling and explains common narrative structures including a beginning, middle, and end. Several influential narrative theorists are outlined, such as Propp's characterization archetypes, Todorov's structural phases, Barthes' five codes, Levi-Strauss' focus on cultural values/myths, and postmodern concepts like nonlinearity, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. The document also provides an example analysis of a Taylor Swift song through different theoretical lenses.
Section a narrative theories
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through stories. A narrative is defined as a chain of events with a beginning, middle, and end that follows a cause-and-effect relationship. Narrative theorists like Branigan and Propp analyzed how narratives embody ideologies and include character archetypes. Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives, including action, referential, symbolic, and enigma codes. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions. Postmodern narratives are characterized by nonlinearity, self-reflexivity, and pastiche.
Audience theory
This document provides an overview of narrative theory and conventions. It discusses how narratives generally follow a three-act structure of setup, confrontation, and resolution. It also describes several theorists' models for analyzing narratives, including Propp's character archetypes, Barthes' five codes, and Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. Finally, it notes that postmodern narratives are more playful, self-reflexive, and use techniques like intertextuality, pastiche and temporal distortion.
Narratology in Middlemarch
This document discusses narratology and its application in George Eliot's novel Middlemarch. It provides an overview of narratology concepts put forth by Aristotle and Gérard Genette, such as hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, order, frequency, duration and voice. For Middlemarch, it notes that the novel is narrated through an omniscient third-person perspective that maintains continuity and pays attention to each character. Each chapter begins with a quote, and while Dorothea is a focalized character, others are also portrayed significantly.
Gerard Genette’s Narratology
This document provides information about Gerard Genette's narratology and its key concepts. It discusses Genette as a French literary theorist known for his work on narrative discourse and structuralism. The document outlines the key concepts in Genette's narratology, including order, frequency, duration, voice, and mood. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. The concepts are ordering of events in a story versus text, how often an event is narrated, the separation between an event and its narration, who is narrating and from where, and the distance and perspective of the narrator.
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Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events. Narrative theorists suggest there are a limited number of character types that audiences use to understand narratives. For example, Vladimir Propp identified character types like the villain, hero, donor, and princess. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption, resolution. Roland Barthes argued narratives can be broken down into codes like action, reference, and symbolism that help readers make sense of stories. Levi-Strauss examined how unconscious cultural values are reflected in narratives through binary oppositions such as good vs bad.
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Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through sequences of causally related events unfolding over time. It can be applied to various media like film, TV, and social media profiles. Theorists like Edward Branigan see narratives as embodying judgments about events through cause-and-effect chains with a beginning, middle, and end. Vladimir Propp identified common character types that fulfill narrative functions. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives typically begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an outside force, then involve fighting to restore the initial equilibrium.
Week 11 lecturenotes com350 narrative criticism
1. The document discusses key concepts and features of narratives, including their purpose to create personal involvement, generate coherence, and organize experiences.
2. It outlines 4 key features of narratives: comprising at least 2 events; events organized by time (not necessarily chronologically); including causal relationships among events; and having a unified subject.
3. The document provides guidance on analyzing artifacts in 3 steps: identifying the objective; identifying narrative features like characters, events, and structure; and assessing how well the narrative achieves its objective.
Narrative theory
This document summarizes key concepts and theorists related to narrative theory. It discusses how narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through storytelling and explains common narrative structures including a beginning, middle, and end. Several influential narrative theorists are outlined, such as Propp's characterization archetypes, Todorov's structural phases, Barthes' five codes, Levi-Strauss' focus on cultural values/myths, and postmodern concepts like nonlinearity, intertextuality, and self-reflexivity. The document also provides an example analysis of a Taylor Swift song through different theoretical lenses.
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Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through stories. A narrative is defined as a chain of events with a beginning, middle, and end that follows a cause-and-effect relationship. Narrative theorists like Branigan and Propp analyzed how narratives embody ideologies and include character archetypes. Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives, including action, referential, symbolic, and enigma codes. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions. Postmodern narratives are characterized by nonlinearity, self-reflexivity, and pastiche.
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This document provides an overview of narrative theory and conventions. It discusses how narratives generally follow a three-act structure of setup, confrontation, and resolution. It also describes several theorists' models for analyzing narratives, including Propp's character archetypes, Barthes' five codes, and Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. Finally, it notes that postmodern narratives are more playful, self-reflexive, and use techniques like intertextuality, pastiche and temporal distortion.
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This document discusses narratology and its application in George Eliot's novel Middlemarch. It provides an overview of narratology concepts put forth by Aristotle and Gérard Genette, such as hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, order, frequency, duration and voice. For Middlemarch, it notes that the novel is narrated through an omniscient third-person perspective that maintains continuity and pays attention to each character. Each chapter begins with a quote, and while Dorothea is a focalized character, others are also portrayed significantly.
Gerard Genette’s Narratology
This document provides information about Gerard Genette's narratology and its key concepts. It discusses Genette as a French literary theorist known for his work on narrative discourse and structuralism. The document outlines the key concepts in Genette's narratology, including order, frequency, duration, voice, and mood. It provides examples to illustrate each concept. The concepts are ordering of events in a story versus text, how often an event is narrated, the separation between an event and its narration, who is narrating and from where, and the distance and perspective of the narrator.
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This document outlines several theories of narrative including definitions, key theorists, and concepts. It defines narrative as a chain of causally linked events with a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists discussed include Propp, who identified common character archetypes; Barthes, who broke narratives into five codes; Levi-Strauss, who examined how myths reflect cultural values; and Allan Cameron, who categorized modular narrative structures like episodic and forking-path narratives. Postmodern narratives are described as playful, intertextual, and self-reflexive. Overall, the document provides an overview of narrative theory, major thinkers, and analytical approaches.
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Theorists
The document discusses several theorists that have contributed to understanding narratives and documentaries, including Tzevan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Steven Barnett. Todorov proposed that all stories follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. Propp identified character roles like hero, villain, and dispatcher. Barthes described codes like enigma and action that control information for audiences. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions. Barnett's "Disney fiction" theory suggests television dumbs down documentaries for ratings over serious content.
Narrative Theory in Brief
Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to a new equilibrium. He later refined this into five stages: initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to reinstate equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss argued that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that unlock meaning in texts: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Vladimir Propp isolated seven character types and numerous narrative functions that are often present in fairy tales, such as preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, and recognition.
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Narrative refers to storytelling and how elements are organized to create meaning. Narratives across media share characteristics like structure and how they are informed by characters, action, and location. Narrative structures can be closed with a conclusion or open-ended. Theorists like Todorov, Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss analyzed narratives and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium states. Propp identified character types like villains and heroes. Levi-Strauss explored binary oppositions. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic and symbolic that shape narratives.
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This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through structured stories. It views narrative as a chain of causally linked events with a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists like Branigan, Propp, and Barthes developed approaches to analyzing characteristics like character types, codes, and underlying cultural themes in narratives. More recent theorists examine how genres, postmodern narratives, and hybrid forms challenge traditional understandings of narrative structure. Narrative theory provides concepts to inform how meaning is constructed in media texts and genres help categorize texts for audiences, creators, and scholars.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyses how media texts communicate meaning through stories. A narrative involves a chain of causally linked events that unfold over time, typically having a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists like Propp, Todorov, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss have developed models for analyzing narratives. Propp identified common character archetypes in folktales. Todorov and Barthes described structural elements like narrative codes and disruption/restoration of equilibrium. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions. Narrative analysis considers various elements used to create meaning for audiences.
Theories
The document summarizes several media theories:
- Auteur Theory asserts that the director is the "author" of a film and their creative vision shapes the film. It looks at three components: technical competence, personality, and interior meaning.
- Reception Theory holds that media messages can be decoded differently by audiences - as the dominant, negotiated, or oppositional reader.
- The Hypodermic Needle Model views media as having the power to influence and control audiences like a hypodermic needle. However, this ignores that audiences do not always passively receive messages.
- The Male Gaze portrays and looks at women in a way that empowers men while sexualizing and diminishing women.
Audience theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through structured stories. It views narratives as having a beginning, middle, and end that establishes causal relationships between events. Theorists like Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss broke down narratives into character types, codes, and symbolic oppositions to understand how they reflect cultural values. Genre theory categorizes media texts based on shared conventions and helps audiences understand and engage with different types of texts. While genres provide structure, they can also constrain creativity, so theorists debate whether pure genres still exist or if they are evolving through hybridization.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory proposes that narratives are organized sequences of causally related events that unfold over time, from a beginning to a middle to an end, embodying a judgment about the nature of those events. Key theorists identified common character types in narratives, structural elements like codes that readers use to make sense of a story, and underlying symbolic oppositions. More recently, narratives have become more complex, incorporating modified chronologies, alternative versions, loose collections of stories, and other nonlinear techniques.
Theory project
The hypodermic needle theory suggests that media messages can be directly injected into passive audiences' brains, influencing their beliefs. It views audiences as weak and the media as powerful. However, the theory ignores that audiences think critically and disagree with media at times. It was popular in the 1930s-40s but is now widely debunked in favor of theories recognizing audiences' active interpretations of media.
Narrative theory
This document discusses narrative theory and provides examples of several influential narrative theorists. It defines narrative as a chain of events organized in a cause-and-effect relationship that occurs over time and involves a beginning, middle, and end. Several major theorists are outlined, including Propp's identification of recurring character archetypes, Todorov's model of narrative phases, Barthes' narrative codes, and Levi-Strauss' examination of how stories reflect cultural myths and beliefs. More recent trends in complex and nonlinear narratives are also mentioned.
Genre Investigation
Genre is a way of categorizing media texts based on their content and style. Each genre has distinguishing characteristics that allow audiences to predict how the plot will develop. There are many genres, including horror, comedy, crime, romance, and sci-fi, which can be hybrids of different genres. Genres appeal to specific target audiences and contain certain conventions - for example, horror films typically involve tension, drama, and supernatural elements, often ending in multiple deaths. Genre theorists note that genres allow for repetition with variation over time and between cultures. The horror genre in particular explores fundamental human existential questions and goes beyond mere societal representations to deeper philosophical issues.
Narrative theories Barthe's and Cameron
This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Barthes and Cameron. It outlines Barthes' 5 code theory which describes different codes that provide meaning and advance narratives, such as the hermeneutic code involving clues and the proairetic code involving actions. It also discusses Cameron's modular narratives, describing techniques like anachronic narratives using flashbacks, forking paths showing alternative stories, and episodic narratives connecting separate stories through a theme.
Geragd Genette's Narratology
This document discusses key concepts from Gérard Genette's narratology. It defines narratology as the study of narrative representation and its principles. It outlines five of Genette's main concepts: order, which examines the sequence of story events versus narrative events; frequency, which considers how many times an event occurs versus is narrated; duration, distinguishing narrative time from story time; voice, regarding who is narrating; and mood, concerning the narrator's perspective and distance. Order, frequency, duration, voice and mood are presented as fundamental aspects of Genette's structuralist approach to analyzing narratives.
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This document summarizes several influential narrative and film theorists, including Tzvetan Todorov, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Vladimir Propp. It discusses Todorov's theory of narrative equilibrium and how it applies to films like The Descent and The Hangover. It outlines Levi-Strauss' concept of narrative conflict created through binary oppositions. And it explains Propp's identification of common character functions and roles in fairy tales that also appear in films like The Matrix.
Assignment #7 narrative & film theory
This document discusses narrative and film theory. It explains that according to Tzvetan Todorov, a narrative follows an equilibrium-disruption-restoration structure. It also discusses Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition and Vladimir Propp's model of the hero's journey narrative, which involves a villain, dispatcher, receipt, princess, false hero, and hero. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
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This document outlines several theories of narrative including definitions, key theorists, and concepts. It defines narrative as a chain of causally linked events with a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists discussed include Propp, who identified common character archetypes; Barthes, who broke narratives into five codes; Levi-Strauss, who examined how myths reflect cultural values; and Allan Cameron, who categorized modular narrative structures like episodic and forking-path narratives. Postmodern narratives are described as playful, intertextual, and self-reflexive. Overall, the document provides an overview of narrative theory, major thinkers, and analytical approaches.
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Theorists
The document discusses several theorists that have contributed to understanding narratives and documentaries, including Tzevan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Roland Barthes, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Steven Barnett. Todorov proposed that all stories follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. Propp identified character roles like hero, villain, and dispatcher. Barthes described codes like enigma and action that control information for audiences. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions. Barnett's "Disney fiction" theory suggests television dumbs down documentaries for ratings over serious content.
Narrative Theory in Brief
Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to a new equilibrium. He later refined this into five stages: initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to reinstate equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss argued that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that unlock meaning in texts: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Vladimir Propp isolated seven character types and numerous narrative functions that are often present in fairy tales, such as preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, and recognition.
Genre
Genre refers to categorizing a media text based on its content and style. It can be applied to films, music, and literature. Film genres are determined by conventions and include genres like horror, romance, and action. Music genres are based on sound, tempo, lyrics, and videos, and include classical, rock, pop, and hip hop. Literature genres focus on content and include genres like horror, comedy, biography and fiction. There are many genre theorists who have studied and analyzed genre in different ways.
Narrative
Narrative refers to storytelling and how elements are organized to create meaning. Narratives across media share characteristics like structure and how they are informed by characters, action, and location. Narrative structures can be closed with a conclusion or open-ended. Theorists like Todorov, Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss analyzed narratives and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium states. Propp identified character types like villains and heroes. Levi-Strauss explored binary oppositions. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic and symbolic that shape narratives.
Narrative theory - Media Studies
This document discusses several narrative theories, beginning with a definition of narrative as a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events presented to an audience. It then examines Tzvetan Todorov's theory that narratives follow five steps: equilibrium is disrupted, the disruption is recognized, an attempt is made to fix the damage, and a new resolution or equilibrium is reached. However, some narratives like the film "Se7en" deliberately avoid resolution. Vladimir Propp's theory identified common character archetypes in narratives like villains, helpers, and heroes. Claude Levi-Strauss's theory was that narratives rely on binary oppositions like strong vs. weak and good vs. evil.
Gennett new
This document summarizes key concepts from literary theorist Gerard Genette's work on narratology. It discusses Genette's concepts of story versus narrative, narrating versus narrative, and order, frequency, duration and voice as they relate to the relationships between a story and its narration. Some examples provided are from the novel In Search of Lost Time and the film Chinatown. Overall, the document provides an overview of Genette's structuralist narrative theory and terminology.
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This is a sample of a lecture I recently gave to 1st year students of Media Studies at the National University of Ireland, Maynooth. It covers the topics of narrative, story/plot and genre.
Critical Perspectives: Narrative
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through structured stories. It views narrative as a chain of causally linked events with a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists like Branigan, Propp, and Barthes developed approaches to analyzing characteristics like character types, codes, and underlying cultural themes in narratives. More recent theorists examine how genres, postmodern narratives, and hybrid forms challenge traditional understandings of narrative structure. Narrative theory provides concepts to inform how meaning is constructed in media texts and genres help categorize texts for audiences, creators, and scholars.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyses how media texts communicate meaning through stories. A narrative involves a chain of causally linked events that unfold over time, typically having a beginning, middle, and end. Theorists like Propp, Todorov, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss have developed models for analyzing narratives. Propp identified common character archetypes in folktales. Todorov and Barthes described structural elements like narrative codes and disruption/restoration of equilibrium. Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions. Narrative analysis considers various elements used to create meaning for audiences.
Theories
The document summarizes several media theories:
- Auteur Theory asserts that the director is the "author" of a film and their creative vision shapes the film. It looks at three components: technical competence, personality, and interior meaning.
- Reception Theory holds that media messages can be decoded differently by audiences - as the dominant, negotiated, or oppositional reader.
- The Hypodermic Needle Model views media as having the power to influence and control audiences like a hypodermic needle. However, this ignores that audiences do not always passively receive messages.
- The Male Gaze portrays and looks at women in a way that empowers men while sexualizing and diminishing women.
Audience theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through structured stories. It views narratives as having a beginning, middle, and end that establishes causal relationships between events. Theorists like Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss broke down narratives into character types, codes, and symbolic oppositions to understand how they reflect cultural values. Genre theory categorizes media texts based on shared conventions and helps audiences understand and engage with different types of texts. While genres provide structure, they can also constrain creativity, so theorists debate whether pure genres still exist or if they are evolving through hybridization.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory proposes that narratives are organized sequences of causally related events that unfold over time, from a beginning to a middle to an end, embodying a judgment about the nature of those events. Key theorists identified common character types in narratives, structural elements like codes that readers use to make sense of a story, and underlying symbolic oppositions. More recently, narratives have become more complex, incorporating modified chronologies, alternative versions, loose collections of stories, and other nonlinear techniques.
Theory project
The hypodermic needle theory suggests that media messages can be directly injected into passive audiences' brains, influencing their beliefs. It views audiences as weak and the media as powerful. However, the theory ignores that audiences think critically and disagree with media at times. It was popular in the 1930s-40s but is now widely debunked in favor of theories recognizing audiences' active interpretations of media.
Narrative theory
This document discusses narrative theory and provides examples of several influential narrative theorists. It defines narrative as a chain of events organized in a cause-and-effect relationship that occurs over time and involves a beginning, middle, and end. Several major theorists are outlined, including Propp's identification of recurring character archetypes, Todorov's model of narrative phases, Barthes' narrative codes, and Levi-Strauss' examination of how stories reflect cultural myths and beliefs. More recent trends in complex and nonlinear narratives are also mentioned.
Genre Investigation
Genre is a way of categorizing media texts based on their content and style. Each genre has distinguishing characteristics that allow audiences to predict how the plot will develop. There are many genres, including horror, comedy, crime, romance, and sci-fi, which can be hybrids of different genres. Genres appeal to specific target audiences and contain certain conventions - for example, horror films typically involve tension, drama, and supernatural elements, often ending in multiple deaths. Genre theorists note that genres allow for repetition with variation over time and between cultures. The horror genre in particular explores fundamental human existential questions and goes beyond mere societal representations to deeper philosophical issues.
Narrative theories Barthe's and Cameron
This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Barthes and Cameron. It outlines Barthes' 5 code theory which describes different codes that provide meaning and advance narratives, such as the hermeneutic code involving clues and the proairetic code involving actions. It also discusses Cameron's modular narratives, describing techniques like anachronic narratives using flashbacks, forking paths showing alternative stories, and episodic narratives connecting separate stories through a theme.
Geragd Genette's Narratology
This document discusses key concepts from Gérard Genette's narratology. It defines narratology as the study of narrative representation and its principles. It outlines five of Genette's main concepts: order, which examines the sequence of story events versus narrative events; frequency, which considers how many times an event occurs versus is narrated; duration, distinguishing narrative time from story time; voice, regarding who is narrating; and mood, concerning the narrator's perspective and distance. Order, frequency, duration, voice and mood are presented as fundamental aspects of Genette's structuralist approach to analyzing narratives.
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This document discusses narrative and film theory. It explains that according to Tzvetan Todorov, a narrative follows an equilibrium-disruption-restoration structure. It also discusses Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition and Vladimir Propp's model of the hero's journey narrative, which involves a villain, dispatcher, receipt, princess, false hero, and hero. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.
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This document discusses linear and non-linear narrative structures. Cohesive narratives follow a clear structure like equilibrium, disruption, and resolution while disrupted narratives omit parts to create mystery. Non-sequential narratives rearrange elements like starting with disruption. Disjointed narratives rely on audio to mislead audiences. Non-cohesive narratives are confusing with elements out of order like ergodic narratives with stories within stories. Branching narratives involve audience choices with consequences. Multi-linear narratives feature intertwining simultaneous storylines that resolve together.
Nostalgia & non linear narrative
The document discusses postmodern nostalgia and nonlinear narrative in media. It explores how nostalgia is used to create distracting entertainment through remakes and glossy portrayals of the past. Postmodernism manipulates time and space in narratives, breaking normal rules by starting at the end, jumping around chronologically, or running stories backwards. Examples discussed include 500 Days of Summer, Memento, and Slumdog Millionaire, which use fragmented and nonlinear timelines.
Film narrative theory
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in films. It begins by defining narrative as "the way in which a story is told". It then discusses common linear narrative structures in Hollywood films and some films that break these conventions using non-linear narratives. Several theorists are discussed, including Levi-Strauss who analyzed how binary oppositions create meaning and propel narratives. Propp identified common character archetypes. Todorov outlined a conventional 5-stage narrative structure that can be simplified to 3 stages - beginning, middle, end. Barthes discussed narrative codes that engage audiences like enigma codes and action codes.
Film analysis of skyfall
The film opening of Skyfall uses various cinematography techniques to set up themes of vulnerability, death, and foreshadowing future events in the film. Shots of Daniel Craig as James Bond floating unconsciously in water and being dragged downwards connote vulnerability and an impending threat. Images of gravestones and falling weapons likewise connote death. Through its editing, lighting, music and framing of shots, the opening works to build tension and intrigue while dropping clues about locations and characters that will be significant later in the film.
Roland barthes
Roland Barthes was a scholar who researched how audiences interpret visual narratives. He argued that audiences look for signs and deeper meanings in stories, based on their prior knowledge of conventions from old tales and myths. His theory of semiology examines the relationship between the signifier (the object or image) and the signified (the meaning or interpretation). For example, a stop sign can be interpreted not just as a traffic sign, but also as representing restrictions on a community's freedom of movement. This document applies Barthes' semiological theory to analyzing representations and deeper meanings in film.
Assignment 8: Narrative theory
This document provides an overview and analysis of various narrative theories including those proposed by Todorov, Levi-Strauss, Barthes, Propp, and Cameron. It discusses the key concepts of each theorist such as Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions, Barthes' codes, Propp's 7 character types and 31 functions, and Cameron's modular narratives. Examples are given for each concept drawing from films like The Hunger Games.
Theory of Equilibrium
Tzvetan Todorov's theory of equilibrium proposes that narratives follow a 5-stage circular structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption causing disequilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the damage, and 5) a return to a new equilibrium. The narrative is driven by restoring equilibrium, though the final equilibrium is transformed from the initial state. This structure involves characters or situations changing through progressing the disruption, which usually occurs outside normal social events.
Todorov’s narrative theory
The document outlines Todorov's narrative theory, which states that most stories follow the same five-step pattern or plot structure. The five steps are: 1) Equilibrium, where characters are content, 2) A Disruption, which disturbs the happiness, 3) Realization, where the problem is recognized, 4) Restored Order, where characters try to repair the damage, and 5) Equilibrium Again, where the problem is resolved and normality resumes. The document provides examples from The Simpsons Movie to illustrate each step of the narrative theory.
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2. narrative
The document provides information about narrative theory and concepts that can be used to analyze media productions for an exam. It discusses several narrative theories and concepts, including:
1. Tzvetan Todorov's concept of narrative structure as involving an initial equilibrium, a disruption of equilibrium (disequilibrium), and a resolution or new equilibrium.
2. Vladimir Propp's concept of character archetypes in narratives, such as the hero, villain, helper, donor, princess, dispatcher, and false hero.
3. Roland Barthes' concepts of the hermeneutic (enigma) code and proairetic (action) code that create mystery and suspense in narratives.
4.
narrative
This document discusses various narrative techniques and theories that can be used to analyze stories. It describes narrative as the construction of story and explains that narratives can be found in many different media forms, not just films and television. The document then outlines several narrative theories and techniques, including binary oppositions, Propp's character archetypes, enigma codes, action codes, Todorov's narrative theory, linear vs nonlinear structures, and multi-strand narrative structures. Examples are provided for how each technique could be applied when analyzing narratives.
Media narrative codes update 2015
There are several important narrative theories and theorists that are useful to understand different types of narratives and how meaning is conveyed. Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov looked at common structural elements of narratives including equilibrium, disruption, quest, climax and resolution. Roland Barthes identified action and enigma codes that drive narratives. Allan Cameron defined modular narratives that manipulate time like anachrony, forking paths and episodic structures. Understanding these theories can help analyze and create strong narratives.
Media unit 11 notes on narrative and genre theories
Narrative theories propose that narratives are organized sequences of causally linked events that have a beginning, middle, and end. Branigan argues narratives embody judgments about the nature of events. Propp identified character archetypes that frequently appear in stories, like heroes, villains, helpers. Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives, such as action, characters, and symbolic codes. Genre theory categorizes media texts based on shared elements, though genres are dynamic and evolve over time as society and values change. While genre provides a useful framework, it can also constrain creativity and experimentation.
Narrative Investigation
Narrative explores how stories are told across different media like speech, writing, film, etc. Conventions are used to tell the story in a recognizable way for the intended audience. Several theorists developed theories about narrative structures. Tzvetan Todorov suggested stories begin with equilibrium, are disrupted by an event, then problems are solved restoring order. Roland Barthes identified 5 narrative codes that engage audiences: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values and myths. Vladmir Propp classified character roles like hero, villain, donor. Barthes' and Todorov's theories align well with conventions of the horror genre,
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theories:
- Levi-Strauss proposed that binary oppositions (good vs evil, hero vs villain) define how audiences perceive characters.
- Todorov described a four-act story structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, and repair.
- Propp identified character roles like villain, donor, and hero that recur across narratives.
- Barthes identified codes like mystery, tension, and symbolism that make narratives engaging.
- Campbell described common archetypes like the quest and initiation that recur across stories.
- Lyotard criticized how "grand narratives" shape our understanding of stories in potentially flawed ways.
Narrative theories
This document discusses different narrative theories including those proposed by Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, and Levi-Strauss. Todorov's theory states that narratives follow a structure of equilibrium being disrupted, a quest to restore equilibrium, a confrontation, and resolution. Propp analyzed character functions. Levi-Strauss suggested narratives are driven by conflicts arising from binary oppositions. The document also mentions enigma codes and action codes that control narrative pacing and advance the story.
Narrative theory
Narrative theories propose that all stories follow common patterns and structures. Theorists like Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Roland Barthes identified recurring elements of narratives, such as having a beginning, middle, end with disruption and resolution (Todorov), common character roles and functions (Propp), use of binary oppositions to develop meaning (Levi-Strauss), and codes like enigma and action that control information (Barthes). Narratives are important across fiction and non-fiction as they influence how audiences respond to and understand media texts.
Theoretical research
This document discusses several key concepts in media theory, including genre, narrative, representation, audience, and research. It provides definitions and examples of prominent theorists for each concept. Genre is defined as categories of media based on stylistic criteria. Theorists discussed include Gunther Kress and Denis McQuail. Narrative refers to the sequence of events presented to an audience. Theorists mentioned are Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov. Representation discusses how media presents versions of reality, and theorists covered are Laura Mulvey on the male gaze and Judith Butler on queer theory. Audience theory examines the relationship between media texts and their intended consumers. Theories discussed include hypodermic needle model, two
Theoretical research
Genre theory is used to categorize films based on stylistic criteria. Genres help audiences identify different types of films and cater to their expectations. Narratives describe a sequence of events and move the story along defined roles and plot points. Representation involves how media texts portray reality through intentional construction of signs and symbols. Audience theory examines how audiences receive and make meaning from media texts, either passively or actively engaging with them based on social and personal factors. Research and planning are required to systematically develop ideas and create goals for making a horror film, such as analyzing film techniques, planning plots, and selecting locations. Digital technologies, creative techniques, and post-production stages are also needed to produce a finished horror film or trailer.
Narrative theorists
The document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairy tales and identified character roles that frequently appeared, such as the villain, hero, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov believes most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium being disrupted by a force, then returning to equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that engage the reader: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions.
Narrative theory
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning about events through stories. It can be applied to films, television, photographs, and magazines. Vladimir Propp identified character archetypes that commonly appear in stories, including villains, heroes, donors, helpers, princesses, fathers, dispatchers, and false heroes. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and resolution or return to equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: the action code, referential code, semantic code, enigma code, and symbolic code.
Todorovs theory
This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Narrative structure 2 (1)
The document discusses several narrative theories proposed by Tzvetan Todorov, Roland Barthes, Vladimir Propp, and Northrop Frye.
Todorov suggested narratives follow five stages - an initial equilibrium, a disruption, recognition of the disruption, an attempt to repair the equilibrium, and a new equilibrium. Barthes identified five codes that are woven into narratives - hermeneutic, proairetic, symbolic, semantic, and cultural. Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 31 narrative functions. Frye described narratives as following either a chronological or non-chronological (synchronic) structure.
Introduction to Narrative
Narrative is the way that stories are structured and told across different media. It involves organizing elements like characters, facts, actions, and locations into a meaningful story. Narrative allows humans to make sense of the world and put events in a logical order. Stories are commonly structured in a linear fashion, with one event following another. However, some narratives can also involve multiple interweaving storylines or leave the ending open-ended for the audience to interpret. Theories of narrative focus on how equilibrium is disrupted and then restored, as well as on common character archetypes found across different stories.
Question 1 b theories and key concepts
This document discusses several key concepts related to media studies including genre, narrative, representation, and audience. It provides definitions and theories for each concept. For genre, it discusses how genres are developed and categorized. For narrative, it outlines different narrative structures and relevant theorists like Propp and Todorov. For representation, it discusses representation in media and relevant theories from thinkers like Berger and Willis. It also discusses stereotypes, ideology, and hegemony. For audience, it outlines different audience theories like the hypodermic needle model.
Narrative investigation
Narrative theory analyzes how media texts communicate meaning through sequences of causally related events unfolding over time. It can be applied to various media like film, TV, and social media profiles. Theorists like Edward Branigan see narratives as embodying judgments about events through cause-and-effect chains with a beginning, middle, and end. Vladimir Propp identified common character types that fulfill narrative functions. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives typically disrupt an initial equilibrium, requiring the protagonist to overcome challenges to restore the original state.
Theoretical research
Genre theory is used to categorize films based on stylistic criteria. Genres help audiences identify different types of films and cater to their expectations. Narratives describe a sequence of events and follow common story structures identified by theorists like Propp and Todorov. Representation in media involves intentionally constructing artificial versions of reality. Audience theory considers how audiences interpret and are influenced by media texts. Research and planning are required to systematically develop knowledge and create goals for making a horror film, such as analyzing films and planning elements like plot, characters, and locations.
Narrative theory
The document provides an overview of narrative theory and how it can be applied to analyze media texts. It discusses various narrative theorists like Propp, Barthes, Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and postmodern approaches. Key concepts from each theorist are outlined such as narrative codes, character archetypes, equilibrium-disequilibrium-resolution structure, and binary oppositions. Students are instructed to apply these narrative theories to analyze their coursework products and evaluate how useful each perspective is.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several theorists who have analyzed narrative structures in media. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes used in stories: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect the values and myths of cultures through binary oppositions like homesteader/native American. Theories by these thinkers can be applied to analyze the structure and themes of film openings and endings.
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Media unit 11 notes on narrative and genre theories
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对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
一比一原版美国亚利桑那大学毕业证（ua毕业证书）如何办理
一模一样【微信：A575476】【美国亚利桑那大学毕业证（ua毕业证书）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
Photographs from trip to American Deep South
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一模一样【微信：A575476】【加拿大多伦多大学毕业证（uoft毕业证书）成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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My storyboard for a sword fight scene with lightsabers
My storyboard for a sword fight scene with lightsabers
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Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
Ealing London Independent Photography meeting - June 2024
storyboard: Victor and Verlin discussing about top hat
storyboard: Victor and Verlin discussing about top hat
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka Dpbos...
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka ...
➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐ Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan panel Chart Indian Matka ...
Narrative Film Theory
- 1. NARRATIVE THEORY When discussing Narrative, what is meant of the storyline to a piece of Media. Examples of Narrative within Media is as follows: • TV Programs • Novels • Films • Advertisements • News • Internet (Snapchat) • Gossip NarrativeTheory is important to study in Media because narrative conveys the meaning of the piece to the audience. Narrative theory analyses the way in which media texts communicate meaning about events; can be applied to films, tv, photos and magazines Narrative analysis of internet based media is more problematic, though may still be relevant.
- 2. The Three key narrative theorists • Vladimir Propp • TzvetanTodorov • Roland Barthes
- 3. Vladimir Propp • Russian theorist who suggests that there are a limited number of character types that share a function within all types of narrative. • When an audience reads a film, this knowledge of character types are used. • He studied folk tales and proposed that it is possible to identify 8 character roles in all media with narrative: • Villain • Hero • Donor • Helper • Princess • Father • Dispatcher • False hero
- 4. Example of Propps character types in Hollywood film
- 5. Tzvetan Todorov • Suggest most narratives start with a stage of equilibrium in which life is normal and protagonists are happy. • The state of normality is disrupted by an outside force, which has to be fought against in order to return to a state of equilibrium • This model can easily be applied to a wide range of fairy tales, folk lore, fiction texts and films. • He suggested that the primary function of the narrative was to solve a problem and that the characters pass through a series of stages of linear narrative where events follow a chronological order.
- 7. Roland Barthes theory explained • Narrative theory claims that a narrative can be broken down into 2 codes or sets of rules to help the reader makes sense of it. • He emphasizes the active roles of readers in creating meaning and their culturally formed expectations. • Action code –Which refers to the events taking place through action • Enigma code -Which is a narrative device that teases the audience by presenting a puzzle or riddle to be solved.Works to delay the story’s ending pleasurably. Like a question or a problem – the producer of a text controls the amount of information to an audience in order to capture the audience’s attention and interest