Narrative theory
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Narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and conveyed. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor that provide help. Todorol's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and final equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that activate the reader's understanding of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
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Todorovs theory
This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Narrative Theories
This document discusses several theorists who contributed to narrative theory, including Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, and Tzvetan Todorov. It provides an overview of some of their key concepts, such as Propp's characterization of common character types in folktales, Levi-Strauss's idea of binary oppositions, Barthes's narrative codes of action, enigma, and symbolism, and Todorov's view of narrative as a circular rather than linear structure progressing through equilibrium disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
Narrative Theory in Brief
Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to a new equilibrium. He later refined this into five stages: initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to reinstate equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss argued that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that unlock meaning in texts: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Vladimir Propp isolated seven character types and numerous narrative functions that are often present in fairy tales, such as preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, and recognition.
Narrative theories and thriller conventions as
Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales and proposed that it was possible to classify characters into clearly defined roles and functions, such as the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess. While some films like Star Wars fit Propp's model precisely, others like Pulp Fiction do not. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium, attempted repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes analyzed how narratives work with codes that activate meaning for the audience, such as denote, connote, action, and enigma. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect the values and beliefs of a culture through symbolic binary oppositions like homesteaders vs
Theorists
This document summarizes the work and theories of four narrative theorists: Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character roles and functions; Todorov suggested most narratives involve an initial state of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside force that must be overcome; Roland Barthes proposed narratives use five codes to engage readers; and Claude Levi examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions.
Narrative theory - Media Studies
This document discusses several narrative theories, beginning with a definition of narrative as a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events presented to an audience. It then examines Tzvetan Todorov's theory that narratives follow five steps: equilibrium is disrupted, the disruption is recognized, an attempt is made to fix the damage, and a new resolution or equilibrium is reached. However, some narratives like the film "Se7en" deliberately avoid resolution. Vladimir Propp's theory identified common character archetypes in narratives like villains, helpers, and heroes. Claude Levi-Strauss's theory was that narratives rely on binary oppositions like strong vs. weak and good vs. evil.
Narrative theory
This document provides instructions and information for an assignment on narrative theory. It outlines several key narrative theorists that students are expected to understand, including Todorov, Strauss, Barthes, Propp, and Cameron. For the assignment, students must create a PowerPoint explaining these theorists' concepts and providing examples from films. It provides details on the theorists' ideas, such as Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Strauss' concept of binary oppositions, Barthes' narrative codes, Propp's character spheres and narrative functions, and Cameron's terms like diegesis and narrative range/depth. Students are instructed to analyze films using these concepts and include examples in their PowerPoint.
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This document discusses different theories of narrative and storytelling. It explains that narrative is an account of connected events, and is the basis of storytelling in many media forms. It outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of character roles in stories, including the hero, villain, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that most stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, realization, and restored order. Finally, Roland Barthes proposed that narratives use codes like action, enigma, symbolism, and culture to engage the reader.
Narrative Theories
This document discusses several theorists who contributed to narrative theory, including Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, and Tzvetan Todorov. It provides an overview of some of their key concepts, such as Propp's characterization of common character types in folktales, Levi-Strauss's idea of binary oppositions, Barthes's narrative codes of action, enigma, and symbolism, and Todorov's view of narrative as a circular rather than linear structure progressing through equilibrium disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and reinstatement of equilibrium.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
Narrative Theory in Brief
Tzvetan Todorov proposed that narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to a new equilibrium. He later refined this into five stages: initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to reinstate equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss argued that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that unlock meaning in texts: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Vladimir Propp isolated seven character types and numerous narrative functions that are often present in fairy tales, such as preparation, complication, transference, struggle, return, and recognition.
Narrative theories and thriller conventions as
Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales and proposed that it was possible to classify characters into clearly defined roles and functions, such as the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess. While some films like Star Wars fit Propp's model precisely, others like Pulp Fiction do not. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium, attempted repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes analyzed how narratives work with codes that activate meaning for the audience, such as denote, connote, action, and enigma. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect the values and beliefs of a culture through symbolic binary oppositions like homesteaders vs
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This document summarizes the work and theories of four narrative theorists: Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character roles and functions; Todorov suggested most narratives involve an initial state of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside force that must be overcome; Roland Barthes proposed narratives use five codes to engage readers; and Claude Levi examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions.
Narrative theory - Media Studies
This document discusses several narrative theories, beginning with a definition of narrative as a sequence of fictional or non-fictional events presented to an audience. It then examines Tzvetan Todorov's theory that narratives follow five steps: equilibrium is disrupted, the disruption is recognized, an attempt is made to fix the damage, and a new resolution or equilibrium is reached. However, some narratives like the film "Se7en" deliberately avoid resolution. Vladimir Propp's theory identified common character archetypes in narratives like villains, helpers, and heroes. Claude Levi-Strauss's theory was that narratives rely on binary oppositions like strong vs. weak and good vs. evil.
Narrative theory
This document provides instructions and information for an assignment on narrative theory. It outlines several key narrative theorists that students are expected to understand, including Todorov, Strauss, Barthes, Propp, and Cameron. For the assignment, students must create a PowerPoint explaining these theorists' concepts and providing examples from films. It provides details on the theorists' ideas, such as Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Strauss' concept of binary oppositions, Barthes' narrative codes, Propp's character spheres and narrative functions, and Cameron's terms like diegesis and narrative range/depth. Students are instructed to analyze films using these concepts and include examples in their PowerPoint.
Film narrative theory
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in films. It begins by defining narrative as "the way in which a story is told". It then discusses common linear narrative structures in Hollywood films and some films that break these conventions using non-linear narratives. Several theorists are discussed, including Levi-Strauss who analyzed how binary oppositions create meaning and propel narratives. Propp identified common character archetypes. Todorov outlined a conventional 5-stage narrative structure that can be simplified to 3 stages - beginning, middle, end. Barthes discussed narrative codes that engage audiences like enigma codes and action codes.
Narrative theorists
Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
Critical Perspectives: Narrative
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
Micro features overview and comparison
This document provides an overview of micro features that should be analyzed in four films to understand how they construct narrative and themes. It instructs the reader to use their analysis sheets and resources to establish how sound, cinematography, editing, and mise-en-scene like dialogue, camera work, lighting, and setting help convey the straight linear narrative, narrative setup, order, and representation of characters and themes like violence, redemption, and social issues. Specific questions are provided as examples to analyze how these micro features construct the narrative. The document also lists relevant narrative theories and directs the reader to identify similarities and differences in how the directors constructed the narrative through these techniques.
Narrative
Narrative refers to storytelling and how elements are organized to create meaning. Narratives across media share characteristics like structure and how they are informed by characters, action, and location. Narrative structures can be closed with a conclusion or open-ended. Theorists like Todorov, Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss analyzed narratives and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium states. Propp identified character types like villains and heroes. Levi-Strauss explored binary oppositions. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic and symbolic that shape narratives.
Narrative theories
This document provides an overview of several narrative theories and theorists, including their key concepts and structures. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of Russian folktales and identification of character types and 31 narrative functions. It also outlines Roland Barthes' description of narrative codes, Tzvetan Todorov's concept of equilibrium shifts, and Claude Levi-Strauss' view of narratives created through binary oppositions. Examples are given of each theorist's approach.
Narrative theory
The document discusses different models of narrative structure that can be applied to media texts, including Propp's 31 narrative functions model, Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative, and Roland Barthes' 5 codes of narrative. Propp believed narratives follow a sequence of 31 possible functions or plot points, such as one family member leaving home or a villain deceiving the victim. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through disruption, an attempt to rectify it, to a new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic (mystery), proairetic (action), and semantic (meaning).
Narrative theories
Todorov proposed that all narratives have three basic stages - an initial equilibrium, a disruption to that equilibrium, and a resolution that establishes a new equilibrium. This theory is then demonstrated by summarizing the plots of two movies, 27 Dresses and The Hangover, in three sentences according to Todorov's three stages. Propp studied Russian fairytales and identified eight character archetypes that are often present, including the hero, villain, donor, and princess. His theory is then briefly applied to the characters in Star Wars. Vogler identified 12 stages of the classic hero's journey narrative structure based on his analysis of many films, which became very influential in Hollywood screenwriting.
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This document discusses various narrative techniques and theories that can be used to analyze stories. It describes narrative as the construction of story and explains that narratives can be found in many different media forms, not just films and television. The document then outlines several narrative theories and techniques, including binary oppositions, Propp's character archetypes, enigma codes, action codes, Todorov's narrative theory, linear vs nonlinear structures, and multi-strand narrative structures. Examples are provided for how each technique could be applied when analyzing narratives.
L36 la haine character analysis
This document provides homework and lesson content on the film "La Haine". Students are asked to:
1) Complete a 1 page character analysis of one of the main protagonists, discussing what character role they conform to based on Propp's theories.
2) Complete some revision on film analysis techniques from a provided resource.
3) Identify problems faced by the three male protagonists in the banlieue where they live, based on lyrics from the film's soundtrack.
4) Analyze two key characters - Vinz and Hubert - discussing how they are represented as poor, angry, and idle based on suggested scenes and poetry.
5) List three characteristics they learned
2.Media Representation
The document discusses key concepts for analyzing representations in media texts, including:
1) Who or what is being represented, how the representation is created and by whom, and why the representation is constructed in a certain way.
2) Groups that are commonly underrepresented or misrepresented, such as women, minorities, and LGBTQ individuals.
3) Theories for analyzing representations, including the male gaze, female gaze, and concepts of femininity, patriarchy, and progressive vs. regressive portrayals.
31 functions of Narrative structure
Vladimir Propp was a Russian formalist scholar born in 1895 who studied folklore and fairy tales. He is known for his analysis of the common structural elements found across many Russian folktales, which he detailed in his 1928 work Morphology of the Folktale. This work influenced later scholars despite initial lack of attention in the West. Propp had a long career as a university faculty member studying folklore from the 1930s until his death in 1970. He broke fairy tales down into their smallest narrative units to identify common patterns and character types found across stories.
Approaches To Narrative Theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in folktales in a consistent sequence. Additionally, it discusses Joseph Campbell's concept of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure that is common across cultures.
Prop character types (A2 media studies)
Vladimir Propp was a Russian formalist scholar who studied folk tales in the 1920s. He identified that many folk tales shared similar narrative structures and characters fulfilling narrative functions that drive the plot. Propp's theory outlines character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor, and princess. His work influenced filmmaking and showed that fairy tales follow a specific narrative structure. Propp's theory can be applied to analyze the plot and characters of horror films like Halloween and Texas Chainsaw Massacre in terms of the hero confronting the villain while receiving help from donors.
Rear window
Rear Window tells the story of L.B. Jeffries, a photographer who breaks his leg and spends his time recovering spying on his neighbors from his apartment window. He becomes convinced one neighbor, Mr. Thorwald, has murdered his wife after witnessing suspicious activity. The film pioneered the use of point-of-view shots to allow the audience to see events from Jeffries's perspective as he spies from his window. It also features the sexual objectification of women as Jeffries observes the ballet dancer across the courtyard without her knowledge, demonstrating Alfred Hitchcock's innovative film techniques.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and how their theories relate to the film The Shining. It examines Vladimir Propp's identification of character roles and narrative functions, and how some but not all apply to characters in The Shining. It also discusses Bordwell and Thompson's ideas about how narratives shape events in time and space, and how techniques like flashbacks demonstrate this in The Shining. Finally, it analyzes Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary oppositions revealed in the text, and Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium disruption and restoration, both of which can be seen in elements of The Shining.
Narrative theory
The document discusses several theories of narrative structure:
- Vladimir Propp's theory that Russian fairy tales follow a structure of character types like the hero and villain who drive the plot through their actions and motives.
- Todorov's theory that most narratives follow a basic structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium caused by disruption, and a new equilibrium restored at the end.
- The classical Hollywood narrative structure which resolves all mysteries by the end to give a sense of closure. Causality and cause/effect relationships are also important aspects of narrative.
Film Studies- Paper 1(Session B: British Cinema)
The document discusses various concepts related to narrative in films, including:
- Narrative devices like voiceover, flashback, and foreshadowing that are used to convey story and engage audiences.
- The difference between story and plot and how stories leave gaps for audiences to fill in.
- Narrative theories from thinkers like Levi-Strauss, Todorov, and Propp that analyze conventions like binary oppositions and character archetypes.
- Semiotic elements identified by Barthes like enigma codes and symbolic codes.
- Different types of narrative structures like linear, non-linear, and circular structures.
- The concept of a character arc that shows a character's inner transformation over the course of
Narrative theory: Propp and Strauss
This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Vladimir Propp and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes Propp's analysis of Russian folktales, in which he identified 8 character roles and 31 functions that advance the story. Propp viewed narratives as having fixed structural elements derived from culture. The document also summarizes Levi-Strauss' theory of binary oppositions, in which he analyzed themes in genres like Westerns in terms of paired opposing concepts. Students are asked to identify Propp's character roles in a chosen film and propose binary oppositions found in crime or horror genres.
Narrative theorists
Vladimir Propp studied the basic structure of fairy tales and discovered they contain stock characters like the hero, princess, helper, and villain. Although the document discusses characters, the author feels Propp's theory is more relevant for novels and films than a music video. Levi Strauss' theory of binary oppositions like good vs evil may apply to the opposition between the two females in the video. Barthes identified codes like the enigma code that intrigue audiences, and these could relate to intriguing details in the video. Todorov's stages of equilibrium disruption are deemed not relevant as the video lacks a linear storyline.
Narrative theorists
The document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions. Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairy tales and identified character roles that frequently appeared, such as the villain, hero, donor, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov believes most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium being disrupted by a force, then returning to equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that engage the reader: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions.
Narrative Investigation
This document discusses several narrative theorists and how their theories relate to the horror genre. It explains Vladimir Propp's characterization of character roles in stories, including hero, villain, donor, and princess. It outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium being disrupted and restored. It also discusses the work of Roland Barthes on narrative codes and Claude Levi-Strauss's examination of cultural myths and binary oppositions reflected in stories. Finally, it links these various narrative theories to common conventions seen in horror movies regarding characters, plot structure, mysteries, and themes of good versus evil.
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Film narrative theory
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in films. It begins by defining narrative as "the way in which a story is told". It then discusses common linear narrative structures in Hollywood films and some films that break these conventions using non-linear narratives. Several theorists are discussed, including Levi-Strauss who analyzed how binary oppositions create meaning and propel narratives. Propp identified common character archetypes. Todorov outlined a conventional 5-stage narrative structure that can be simplified to 3 stages - beginning, middle, end. Barthes discussed narrative codes that engage audiences like enigma codes and action codes.
Narrative theorists
Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
Critical Perspectives: Narrative
This document discusses various concepts and theories related to narrative structure in film. It defines key terms like narrative, diegesis, story and plot. It also describes different types of narrative range, depth, and theories put forward by Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov regarding character types and conventional narrative structure. Finally, it outlines Allan Cameron's theory of modular narratives, identifying four types: anachronic, forking paths, episodic, and split screens narratives.
Micro features overview and comparison
This document provides an overview of micro features that should be analyzed in four films to understand how they construct narrative and themes. It instructs the reader to use their analysis sheets and resources to establish how sound, cinematography, editing, and mise-en-scene like dialogue, camera work, lighting, and setting help convey the straight linear narrative, narrative setup, order, and representation of characters and themes like violence, redemption, and social issues. Specific questions are provided as examples to analyze how these micro features construct the narrative. The document also lists relevant narrative theories and directs the reader to identify similarities and differences in how the directors constructed the narrative through these techniques.
Narrative
Narrative refers to storytelling and how elements are organized to create meaning. Narratives across media share characteristics like structure and how they are informed by characters, action, and location. Narrative structures can be closed with a conclusion or open-ended. Theorists like Todorov, Propp, Barthes, and Levi-Strauss analyzed narratives and identified common patterns. Todorov saw narratives as progressing through equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium states. Propp identified character types like villains and heroes. Levi-Strauss explored binary oppositions. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic and symbolic that shape narratives.
Narrative theories
This document provides an overview of several narrative theories and theorists, including their key concepts and structures. It discusses Vladimir Propp's analysis of Russian folktales and identification of character types and 31 narrative functions. It also outlines Roland Barthes' description of narrative codes, Tzvetan Todorov's concept of equilibrium shifts, and Claude Levi-Strauss' view of narratives created through binary oppositions. Examples are given of each theorist's approach.
Narrative theory
The document discusses different models of narrative structure that can be applied to media texts, including Propp's 31 narrative functions model, Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative, and Roland Barthes' 5 codes of narrative. Propp believed narratives follow a sequence of 31 possible functions or plot points, such as one family member leaving home or a villain deceiving the victim. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through disruption, an attempt to rectify it, to a new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic (mystery), proairetic (action), and semantic (meaning).
Narrative theories
Todorov proposed that all narratives have three basic stages - an initial equilibrium, a disruption to that equilibrium, and a resolution that establishes a new equilibrium. This theory is then demonstrated by summarizing the plots of two movies, 27 Dresses and The Hangover, in three sentences according to Todorov's three stages. Propp studied Russian fairytales and identified eight character archetypes that are often present, including the hero, villain, donor, and princess. His theory is then briefly applied to the characters in Star Wars. Vogler identified 12 stages of the classic hero's journey narrative structure based on his analysis of many films, which became very influential in Hollywood screenwriting.
narrative
This document discusses various narrative techniques and theories that can be used to analyze stories. It describes narrative as the construction of story and explains that narratives can be found in many different media forms, not just films and television. The document then outlines several narrative theories and techniques, including binary oppositions, Propp's character archetypes, enigma codes, action codes, Todorov's narrative theory, linear vs nonlinear structures, and multi-strand narrative structures. Examples are provided for how each technique could be applied when analyzing narratives.
L36 la haine character analysis
This document provides homework and lesson content on the film "La Haine". Students are asked to:
1) Complete a 1 page character analysis of one of the main protagonists, discussing what character role they conform to based on Propp's theories.
2) Complete some revision on film analysis techniques from a provided resource.
3) Identify problems faced by the three male protagonists in the banlieue where they live, based on lyrics from the film's soundtrack.
4) Analyze two key characters - Vinz and Hubert - discussing how they are represented as poor, angry, and idle based on suggested scenes and poetry.
5) List three characteristics they learned
2.Media Representation
The document discusses key concepts for analyzing representations in media texts, including:
1) Who or what is being represented, how the representation is created and by whom, and why the representation is constructed in a certain way.
2) Groups that are commonly underrepresented or misrepresented, such as women, minorities, and LGBTQ individuals.
3) Theories for analyzing representations, including the male gaze, female gaze, and concepts of femininity, patriarchy, and progressive vs. regressive portrayals.
31 functions of Narrative structure
Vladimir Propp was a Russian formalist scholar born in 1895 who studied folklore and fairy tales. He is known for his analysis of the common structural elements found across many Russian folktales, which he detailed in his 1928 work Morphology of the Folktale. This work influenced later scholars despite initial lack of attention in the West. Propp had a long career as a university faculty member studying folklore from the 1930s until his death in 1970. He broke fairy tales down into their smallest narrative units to identify common patterns and character types found across stories.
Approaches To Narrative Theory
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in folktales in a consistent sequence. Additionally, it discusses Joseph Campbell's concept of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure that is common across cultures.
Prop character types (A2 media studies)
Vladimir Propp was a Russian formalist scholar who studied folk tales in the 1920s. He identified that many folk tales shared similar narrative structures and characters fulfilling narrative functions that drive the plot. Propp's theory outlines character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor, and princess. His work influenced filmmaking and showed that fairy tales follow a specific narrative structure. Propp's theory can be applied to analyze the plot and characters of horror films like Halloween and Texas Chainsaw Massacre in terms of the hero confronting the villain while receiving help from donors.
Rear window
Rear Window tells the story of L.B. Jeffries, a photographer who breaks his leg and spends his time recovering spying on his neighbors from his apartment window. He becomes convinced one neighbor, Mr. Thorwald, has murdered his wife after witnessing suspicious activity. The film pioneered the use of point-of-view shots to allow the audience to see events from Jeffries's perspective as he spies from his window. It also features the sexual objectification of women as Jeffries observes the ballet dancer across the courtyard without her knowledge, demonstrating Alfred Hitchcock's innovative film techniques.
Narrative theory
This document discusses several narrative theorists and how their theories relate to the film The Shining. It examines Vladimir Propp's identification of character roles and narrative functions, and how some but not all apply to characters in The Shining. It also discusses Bordwell and Thompson's ideas about how narratives shape events in time and space, and how techniques like flashbacks demonstrate this in The Shining. Finally, it analyzes Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary oppositions revealed in the text, and Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium disruption and restoration, both of which can be seen in elements of The Shining.
Narrative theory
The document discusses several theories of narrative structure:
- Vladimir Propp's theory that Russian fairy tales follow a structure of character types like the hero and villain who drive the plot through their actions and motives.
- Todorov's theory that most narratives follow a basic structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium caused by disruption, and a new equilibrium restored at the end.
- The classical Hollywood narrative structure which resolves all mysteries by the end to give a sense of closure. Causality and cause/effect relationships are also important aspects of narrative.
Film Studies- Paper 1(Session B: British Cinema)
The document discusses various concepts related to narrative in films, including:
- Narrative devices like voiceover, flashback, and foreshadowing that are used to convey story and engage audiences.
- The difference between story and plot and how stories leave gaps for audiences to fill in.
- Narrative theories from thinkers like Levi-Strauss, Todorov, and Propp that analyze conventions like binary oppositions and character archetypes.
- Semiotic elements identified by Barthes like enigma codes and symbolic codes.
- Different types of narrative structures like linear, non-linear, and circular structures.
- The concept of a character arc that shows a character's inner transformation over the course of
Narrative theory: Propp and Strauss
This document discusses narrative theories proposed by Vladimir Propp and Claude Levi-Strauss. It summarizes Propp's analysis of Russian folktales, in which he identified 8 character roles and 31 functions that advance the story. Propp viewed narratives as having fixed structural elements derived from culture. The document also summarizes Levi-Strauss' theory of binary oppositions, in which he analyzed themes in genres like Westerns in terms of paired opposing concepts. Students are asked to identify Propp's character roles in a chosen film and propose binary oppositions found in crime or horror genres.
Narrative theorists
Vladimir Propp studied the basic structure of fairy tales and discovered they contain stock characters like the hero, princess, helper, and villain. Although the document discusses characters, the author feels Propp's theory is more relevant for novels and films than a music video. Levi Strauss' theory of binary oppositions like good vs evil may apply to the opposition between the two females in the video. Barthes identified codes like the enigma code that intrigue audiences, and these could relate to intriguing details in the video. Todorov's stages of equilibrium disruption are deemed not relevant as the video lacks a linear storyline.
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Narrative Investigation
This document discusses several narrative theorists and how their theories relate to the horror genre. It explains Vladimir Propp's characterization of character roles in stories, including hero, villain, donor, and princess. It outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of narrative equilibrium being disrupted and restored. It also discusses the work of Roland Barthes on narrative codes and Claude Levi-Strauss's examination of cultural myths and binary oppositions reflected in stories. Finally, it links these various narrative theories to common conventions seen in horror movies regarding characters, plot structure, mysteries, and themes of good versus evil.
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This document summarizes several narrative theories proposed by different theorists:
1) Tzvetan Todorov analyzed plots and found most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and a return to equilibrium.
2) Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 narratives and proposed they can be classified by character roles and functions such as hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess.
3) Claude Levi-Strauss studied myths and found they reflect cultural values through binary oppositions between corresponding scenes, characters, or items.
4) Roland Barthes suggested narratives work through five codes - action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural - that activate the reader's interpretation.
Narrative theories slideshare
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their perspectives on narrative structure. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair disruption, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural - that help readers make sense of a narrative. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's unconscious beliefs through binary oppositions.
narrative theories
This document provides an overview of different narrative theories and elements of storytelling. It discusses Tzvetan Todorov's theory that narratives follow a three-part structure of equilibrium, disruption, and resolution. It also outlines Roland Barthes' theory that texts can be analyzed through five codes: the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code, and referential code. Finally, it summarizes Vladimir Propp's identification of character archetypes in folktales, including the villain, dispatcher, magical helper, princess/prize, and father.
Narrative theory
This document outlines key concepts in narrative theory, including narrative structures, forms, theorists, and their theories. It discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of 8 character roles and 31 narrative functions in folk tales. It also summarizes Tzvetan Todorov's theory of disrupted equilibrium, Roland Barthes' 5 action codes, Claude Levi-Strauss' theory of binary oppositions, Victor Shklovsky's distinction between plot and story, and theories by David Bordwell/Kristin Thompson and Gill Branston/Roy Stafford. The document provides examples and activities for students to apply these narrative theories.
AO2&AO4 Narrative Theory
Narrative Theory outlines four main narrative theories: Barthes, Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Propp. Tzvetan Todorov's theory suggests narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers understand narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss analyzed how stories communicate a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions between characters. Vladimir Propp classified characters into seven roles or functions commonly found in fairytales.
Narrative structures
The document discusses various narrative theories and concepts. It defines narrative as the relation between a series of events, while plot is the order characters learn about events, and story is the chronological order events occur. It examines Todorov's narrative structure of equilibrium being disrupted and restored. It also discusses Propp's character archetypes, Levi-Strauss's binary oppositions, Barthes' narrative codes, and how 24 establishes narrative elements like characters and intrigue in its opening sequence.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several theorists who have analyzed narrative structures in media. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes used in stories: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect the values and myths of cultures through binary oppositions like homesteader/native American. Theories by these thinkers can be applied to analyze the structure and themes of film openings and endings.
Narrative theories slideshare
Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairy tales and proposed that narratives can be classified based on character roles and functions, such as the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium being disrupted by an outside force, recognition of the disruption, an attempt to repair it, and reinstatement of equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes - action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural - that activate the reader's understanding. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's values through binary oppositions between conflicting qualities or terms.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines how stories are structured and told in both fictional and non-fictional media. Several theorists have identified common patterns and structures in narratives, including binary oppositions that reflect cultural beliefs, equilibrium being disrupted and restored, and character archetypes. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
4 narrative
This document provides information on narrative theory and concepts that can be used to analyze stories and media texts. It discusses Tzvetan Todorov's concept of narrative as involving equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a new equilibrium. It also covers Claude Levi-Strauss's idea of narratives being driven by constant conflict between binary oppositions. Additionally, Vladimir Propp's characterization of common character types in folk tales, such as heroes, villains, and donors, is summarized. Examples are given of applying these theories to films and exploring their limitations. Students are assigned the task of analyzing one of their media texts using these narrative concepts.
Narrative theory
This document summarizes several influential narrative theorists and their contributions to understanding narrative structure in films. It discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of character roles and functions common across Russian fairytales. It also outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium being disrupted by an external force that must be overcome to restore equilibrium. Additionally, it presents Roland Barthes' five narrative codes that engage audiences and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions unconsciously reflecting a culture's values in myths and stories.
Narrative Theories
This document discusses several narrative theorists and their contributions to understanding narratives. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character types and their common roles/functions. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium, and return to a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help audiences make sense of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Levi Strauss examined how stories unconsciously reflect a culture's values and beliefs through binary oppositions. The document provides examples of each theorist's work to analyze narratives.
Narrative theorists
This document provides an overview of narrative theory, summarizing key concepts from several theorists. It discusses narrative elements like plot, story, structure (linear, circular, open, closed), and codes (action, enigma, symbolic). Theorists covered include Bordwell & Thompson on plot vs story, Todorov's equilibrium model, Levi-Strauss' use of binary opposites, Barthes' codes, and Propp's character functions and narratemes. Examples are given to illustrate complex structures and how theorists can be applied in media analysis.
Narrative Theory
This PowerPoint is part of my A2 Media Studies coursework. It briefly explains narrative theory, before going on to talk about different narrative theorists, and how their theories are relevant to my work.
Narrative theory
The document discusses various narrative theories that are relevant to understanding stories and media. It covers Aristotle's three unities of drama, Freytag's dramatic arc model consisting of five acts, Todorov's theory of narrative equilibrium being disrupted and then restored, Propp's character archetypes in folktales, Barthes' concept of narratives establishing and solving enigmas, Levi-Strauss' idea of binary oppositions creating meaning, and provides examples of how these theories are applied in analyzing the TV show "24."
Narrative theory
Narrative theories propose that all stories follow common patterns and structures. Theorists like Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, Claude Levi-Strauss, and Roland Barthes identified recurring elements of narratives, such as having a beginning, middle, end with disruption and resolution (Todorov), common character roles and functions (Propp), use of binary oppositions to develop meaning (Levi-Strauss), and codes like enigma and action that control information (Barthes). Narratives are important across fiction and non-fiction as they influence how audiences respond to and understand media texts.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
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Storyboard page 2
The spy digs his own grave in the desert while emotional music plays, showing worry and fear on his face. He then shoots himself in the head with a gun from his back pocket as the music intensifies. A girl runs to the spy upon hearing the gunshot, and an agency car drives away from the suicide scene.
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The document discusses how the creator established branding across their short film, website, and film poster project. Specifically:
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Creating meaning for the audience poster
The document discusses techniques for creating meaning for audiences in film posters. It explains that film posters are meant to promote films, entice audiences to watch, and generate profit. Posters communicate important messages about the film through images of actors, descriptions of the narrative and genre, and release dates. The document then discusses the creator's process for designing a film poster, including using actors' images and props to create meaning about the film's tone and characters. Sketches and drafts of the poster demonstrate how elements like mystery, shadows, and lighting are used to communicate the film's themes and narrative to audiences.
CCR4
The student used a variety of software, hardware, and online technologies to complete their film production coursework. They used Final Cut Pro for editing, Photoshop for poster design, and Wix to create a website for their film. Hardware included a Nikon camera, LED lights, and an iPhone. Online technologies like YouTube, Blogger, and Prezi were also utilized. The student found the software and hardware helped make their work more professional, though some technologies took time to learn. Overall, integrating different technologies across their project helped the student improve from last year.
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The document contains the names, job roles, extra responsibilities, and contact information of five individuals working on a production. Sameer Khan is the director and oversees lighting, editing, and filming. Arief Ferdinand is the assistant director and helps the director with lighting, editing, and filming. Baz Taleb is the advisor and is responsible for setting up the set and checking equipment lists. Omar Abla and Ali Omar both have the role of transport and carry equipment as well as drive to nearby facilities. Their contact information is not to be displayed on the internet.
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Day1 RECEE
The document provides location information for the film production "Last Exit" taking place on December 25th at 10am at an apartment on Palm Jumeirah. Arief Ferdinand is the assistant director and contact for the location, which will have free parking, power, catering, toilets, and indoor space available for filming. Transport will be provided for the crew to and from the location.
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Narrative theory
- 2. What is Narrative ? Narrative is a spoken or written account of connected events; a story. a spoken or written account of connected events; Narrative is the media term for story telling. is the way the different elements in a story are organized to make a meaningful story a story. • TV Programme’s • Novels or Short Stories • Films • Advertisements • News in papers or onTV & Radio • ViaThe internet • Gossip
- 4. Vladimir Propp (1928) • Vladimir Propp was a theorist from Russia. • Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales in 1920’s • Films like StarWars they fit Propp’s Model precisely, but a significant number of more recent films do not. • He proposed that it was possible to classify the characters and their actions into clearly defined roles and functions. • Props Character Roles : • The Hero (seeks something) • The villain ( opposes the hero ) • The Donor ( Helps the hero by providing a magic object ) • The Dispatcher ( sends the hero on his way ) • The False Hero ( Falsely assuming the role of hero ) • The Helper ( Gives support to the hero ) • The Princess (The reward for the hero )
- 5. Todorov’s NarrativeTheory literacy theorist • Todorov’s narrative theory basically states that most story’s or plot lines follow the same pattern. • There are 5 steps. • Equilibrium • A Disruption • Realization • Restored Order • Equilibrium Again
- 6. Roland Barthes French Semiologist • He suggested that narrative works with five different codes which activate the reader to make sense of it. • Barthes Codes • Action- A narrative device by which a resolution is produced through action, e.g. a shoot out • Enigma- A narrative device that teases the audience by presenting a puzzle or riddle to be solved.Works to delay the story’s ending pleasurably. • Symbolic – Connotation • Semic – Denotation • Cultural – Is a narrative device which the audience can recognize as being part of a culture e.g. a “ Made man” in a gangster film is part of the mafia culture