This document provides a presentation on naphthalene. It begins with an introduction that defines naphthalene as the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C10H8. The presentation then covers the structure, history, occurrence, nomenclature, synthesis, properties, reactions, derivatives, health effects, uses, and conclusion of naphthalene. It provides details on the physical and chemical properties of naphthalene, as well as examples of reactions it undergoes such as electrophilic substitution, oxidation, nitration, reduction, and halogenation. The presentation also discusses health effects, common uses as mothballs and in producing other chemicals, and concludes with a summary of naphthalene

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NAME OF THE PRESENTATION:
NAPHTHALENE
PRESENTED BY –MISS MAYURI GOGOI
MISS SUSMITA CHANDA
DEPARTMENT- CHEMISTRY
CLASS- 4TH SEMESTER
DATE:28/03/2023

2. Introduction :
Simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Molecular formula C10H8.
Composed of two benzene rings.
White crystalline solid.
Most abundant single constituent of coal tar.
Melting Point: 80.260C (176.50F)
Boiling Point: 217.90C (424.20F)
Molecular weight: 28.17g/mol
Naphthalene
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3. Content :
• Structure
•History
•Occurrence
•Nomenclature
•Synthesis
•Properties
•Reactions
•Derivatives
•Health Effect
•Uses
•Conclusion
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4. Structure :
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5. History :
•Chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday (1826).
•Structure of two fused ring was proposed by Emil Erlenmeyer
(1866).
•The structure was confirmed by Carl Grabe after three years.
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6. Occurrence:
Occurs chiefly in coal tar.
Present in petroleum oil.
By heating of alpha or beta naphthalene in presence of
Cobalt-Molybdenum catalyst -
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7. Nomenclature :
All the hydrogen atoms are not equivalent in naphthalene.
H-atoms at position 1,4,5 and 8 are called alpha position.
H-atoms at position 2,3,6 and 7 are called beta position.
Naphthalene can form only two monosubstituted product.
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8. Synthesis :
(a) By Fittig Synthesis :
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9. (b) By Haworth Synthesis :
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Synthesis

10. Properties:
(a) Physical Properties:
Colourless crystalline solid.
Characteristic smell of moth balls.
Insoluble in water.
Dissolves in benzene and ether.
(b) Chemical Properties:
 Chemical reactions are same with benzene.
 Less aromatic than benzene.
Undergoes substitution readily and forms addition products.
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11. Chemical Reaction :
1. Electrophilic Substitution Reaction:
It has been observed that naphthalene undergoes electrophilic substitution
readily and preferentially at 1-position.The explanation is given below:
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Reactions

13. 2. Oxidation of Naphthalene:
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Reactions of Naphthalene :

14. 4. Nitration :
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Reactions
3. Reduction :

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Reactions :
5. Sulphonation :
6. Halogenation :

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Reactions :
7. Friedel Craft Alkylation :
8. Friedel Craft Acylation :

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Derivatives of Naphthalene:
(1) Naphthylamine:
Preparation – (a) Alpha Naphtylamine
(b) Beta Naphthylamine
Properties :
Colorless crystalline solid.
Insoluble in water.
Turn brown on explosure to air.

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Derivatives of Naphthalene :
(2) Alpha and Beta Naphthol
Preparation :
Properties :
Sparingly soluble in water.
White crystalline solid.
(3) Naphthaquinones :
Preparation :
Coloured solids.
Properties :

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Health Effects :
 Exposure to large amounts of naphthalene may damage or destroy red
blood cells(Approximately 400 million people suffer from this)
 Humans in particular children, have developed the condition known as
hemolytic anemia after ingesting mothballs or deodorant blocks containing
naphthalene.
 Causes symptoms like lack of appetite, restlessness and pale skin.

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Uses of Naphthalene
 For the manufacture of phthalic acid.
As mothballs(insect repellent).
 For preparing tetralin and decalin used as solvents.
Also as a source for many dye intermediates.

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Medical Uses :
ANTIDIABETIC
ANTI-DEPRESSANT
ANTIINFLAMMATION
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE
ANTI-CONVULSANT
ANTICANCER
ANTIVIRAL
ANTI-NEURODEGENERATIVE

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Conclusion
From the above discussion we come to the conclusion that Naphthalene has
both advantage and disadvantages. It may harmful as well as it has significant
uses. It depends upon the human being how they treat with Naphthalene.
Here I have come to the end of the project on the topic of Naphthalene. I
would like to share my experience while doing this Project. I have learnt
many things more about Naphthalene while working on the project.
A very special thanks to our teachers. I hope that my presentation will be
knowledgeable and interesting.

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THANK YOU