This ppt is about nanotechnology, and an incurable disease that is epilepsy. Here we are using nanotech for the treatment of epilepsy, which has shown high results.

1. `
GOAL 9

3. RELATION BETWEEN SDG AND
EPILEPSY TREATMENT
GOAL 9 TALKS ABOUT INDUSTRY INNOVATION WHICH
WE ARE TRYING TO LINK WITH EPILEPSY TREATMENT
Nanotechnology is one of the emerging field in modern science, which
we have linked with the treatment of incurable disease that is Epilepsy.
It is for the first time that a drug called Clonazepam has been
entrapped in nanoparticle to be delivered through nasal route for
instant cure for Epilepsy.

4. NANO
PARTICLES
AND
EPILEPSY

6. WHAT IS A NANOPARTICLE???
• Ultrafine unit
• Unique material characteristics
• Applications in a variety of areas, including medicine,
engineering, catalysis, and environmental
remediation.

7. NANO PARTICLES
NANOSPHERES NANOCAPSULE
Matrix Type Structure
In Which A Drug Is
Dispersed
Membrane wall
structure with an oil
core containing drug

8. NANOSPHERES AND NANOCAPSULES
NANOSPHERES
Polymeric Matrix
NANOCAPSULES
Polymeric
Membrane
Oily Core

10. APPLICATIONS
NANOMEDICINE:- Nanomaterials to nanoelectronics
biosensors, and biomaterial technology.
ELECTRONICS:- Capabilities of electronics devices can be
expanded while reducing their weight and power consumption.
ENVIRONMENT:- To improve the environment.
CONSUMER PRODUCTS:- Numerous consumer products you
use every day, from clothing to skin lotion.

11. FUTURE OF NANOTECH
1. Could improve the outlook for medical patients with serious
illnesses or injuries.
2. Nano surgery and be able to attack illness and injury at the
molecular level.
3.Cancer cells would be identified, removed, and the surgical
implantation of healthy cells.

12. ADVANTAGES OF NANOTECH
1. Nano particles can be administered by parenteral, oral, nasal, ocular
routes.
2. By attacking specific ligands on to their surfaces, nano particles can
be used for directing the drugs to specific target cells.
3. Improves stability and therapeutics index and reduce toxic affects.
4.Both active and passive drug targeting can be achieve by
manipulating the particle size and surface characteristics of nano
particles.

13. DISADVANTAGES OF NANOTECH
1. Small size and large size surface area can lead to particles
aggregation.
2. Physical handling of nano particles is difficult in liquid and
dry forms.
3. Limited drug loading.
4. Toxic metabolites may form.

14. EPILEPSY
• Epilepsy, a diverse group of neurological
disorders of varying types and severities which
are characterized by recurrent seizures.

15. • Seizures occur when abnormal electric signals from
the brain change the way the body functions.
• There are many different types of seizures
• Seizures may cause convulsions, muscle spasms,
brief or prolonged loss of consciousness, strange
sensations and emotions.
WHAT IS SEIZURE???

16. CAUSES OF EPILEPSY
• Genetics
• Brain structure abnormalities
• Metabolism changes
• Immune system abnormalities
• Trauma
• Stroke
• Tumors
• Infectious disease
• Unknown causes

17. DIAGNOSIS FOR EPILEPSY
1. EEG
2. MRI
3. CT SCAN
4. PET

18. MEDICATIONS
There are more than 20 epileptic drugs available in the market:
• Clonazepam
• Carbamazepine
• Levetiracetam
• Lamotrigine
• Oxcarbazepine

19. CLONAZEPAM
WHAT IS IT?
Clonazepam is a benzodiazepine. It affects
chemicals in the brain that may be unbalanced.
Clonazepam is also a seizure medicine, also
called an anti-epileptic drug.
DOSE OF CLONAZEPAM TAKEN ORALLY
Initial dose: 0.25 mg orally 2 times per day
Maintenance dose: 1 mg orally per day
Maximum dose: 4 mg orally per day

20. PREPARATION OF NANOPARTICLES
PREPARING NANO PARTICLES USING POLYMERIZATION
BASED METHODS…
THE POLYMERS USED IN THIS ARE POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE,
POLYACRYLAMIDE, AND POLYBUTYL CYANOACRYLATE.
APPROACHES ADOPTED FOR PREPARATION OF NANOPARTICLES
USING POLYMERIZATION TECHNIQUE ARE:
1. METHOD IN WHICH THE MONOMER TO BE POLYMERIZED IS
EMULSIFIED IN A NON-SOLVENT PHASE.
2. METHOD IN WHICH THE MONOMER IS DISSOLVED IN A SOLVENT
FOR THE RESULTING POLYMER.

21. IONIC GELATION METHOD TO
PRODUCE NANOPARTICLES
1. Ionic Gelation method was standardized to result in
formation of Nanoparticles.
2. It is an ‘Ion induced’ process by which nanoparticles are
formed.

22. RESULTS
• On analyzing the results with a zeta sizer , one of the samples
showed positive results.
Placebos formed by using :
1. TPP (0.5mg/ml) : Chitosan (0.5mg/ml)= 1:3 (volume ratio)
2. The result of zeta analysis of placebo formed by (CS:TPP vol
ratio=3:1)

23. RESULTS OF ZETA
SIZER
Sample name Chitosan
(mg/ml)
TPP
(mg/ml)
Z (avg) PDI
Round 1
CP 1 0.5 0.5 158.4 0.343
CP 4 1 0.25 293.2 0.687
CD 1 0.5 0.5 190.5 0.458
CD 4 1 0.25 345.2 0.336
CP - Chitosan placebo nanoparticles
CD - Chitosan drug loaded nanoparticles
PDI – Polydispersity index

24. RESULTS OF UV SCAN
Conc. Of
TPP
(mg/ml)
Conc. Of
Chitosan
(mg/ml)
OD
(y)
Conc. In
Supernatant
(µg/ml)
(x)
Remaining
Conc. In Nano
Particles
(µg/ml)
Entrapment
Efficiency
0.25 1 0.422 18.04 1981.96 99.09%
0.5 0.5 0.326 13.43 1986.57 99.32%

25. CONCLUSION
This technology we talked about could be
used for the treatment of Epilepsy
because it has shown very high
entrapment of clonazepam in the form of
Nanoparticles.

26. CREATED BY:
AAKASH KANT
PRESENTED BY:
LIPI MITTAL
SHIVAM BILANDI
KRISHNA JHA
FARHIN KHAN
SHREYA JAIN
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
MS. RANNU PATHAK (SR. COORDINATOR)
MS. RAGINI AGGARWAL (BIO FACULTY)