This document discusses the development of a slow-release nitrogen fertilizer using hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified with urea. Bench-scale testing showed the nanofertilizer provided slow release of nitrogen and improved phosphorus availability compared to granular urea alone. Field tests on rice crops demonstrated higher yields with the nanofertilizer when applied at 50% of the normal urea dosage. Use of such a nanofertilizer could help reduce urea losses estimated at 70% of usage in Sri Lanka, saving an estimated $44 million annually while minimizing environmental impacts.