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Application of Nano-Technology in Agriculture
- 2. Application of Nano- Technology in Agriculture ABBAS SHOUKAT (2010-ag-3854) Degree: Ph.D. (Soil Science)
- 3. Presentation Outline Introduction Fertilizers in Agriculture: Perspectives and Problems Application of Nano-Technology in Agriculture Types of Nano Products Advantages and Disadvantages of Nano Fertilizers Review Conclusion and Future Prospects
- 4. Declining productivity, diminishing food grain production, growing population and food security are the pressing concerns of Pakistani Agriculture Depleting natural resources – land, water bodies etc. Lack of improved seeds Menace of pest and diseases Effective plant nutrients Abiotic stresses Environmental concerns 1951 2001 2050 90% Declining Per capita Availability of land Rapid Urbanization, Rise of industrial belts, Soil Erosion, Climate change There is need for sustainable technological interventions to address these concerns In 2050 Pakistan population will rise to 306 million (4th most populated country on planet)
- 5. FERTILIZER PRICES IN THE WORLD MARKET Source: Rathnayake et al., 2010 Economic Research Service/USDA
- 7. WHY WE WANT TO USE NANO-TECNOLOGY(Nano-Fertilizers) Nano-fertilizers are more beneficial as compared to chemical fertilizers • Three-times increase in Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) • Less requirement to chemical fertilizers • More nutrient mobilization by the plants • Improvement in the crop yield Source: Christoph et al 2009; Liu and Lal, 2015,Naderi and Shahraki,2 013; DeRosa et al., 2010.
- 8. THE NANO- PARTICLES • Word “Nano” is derived from Greek word which means “DWARF” • Alternative definition: smaller than 500 nm and altered properties. • Nano-Particles: • Very small ( 1 Billionth part of a meter 10-9m) • Properties different than larger particles (Source: Nanomedicine, 2008;Wade Elmer, 2014)
- 9. GENERAL USES OF NANOTECHNOLOGY Berry et al. 2008
- 10. Nanotechnology Applications in Agriculture DRIVERS FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE •Enhanced properties exhibited by nano-sized particles and materials enable widespread potential applications •Increased focus on agricultural input use efficiency •Focus on reducing impact to the environment and human health •Improvements in manufacturing processes - e.g. avoiding volatile organic solvents Nanotechnology encompasses the production, characterization and application of materials with dimensions measured at nanometer scale (10-9), typically less than 100 nm. Duncan, J. Colloid and Interface Sc. 2011.
- 11. Hemraj Chippa et al., 2015
- 12. Hemraj Chippa et al., 2015
- 13. Arpit Bhargava et al., 2015
- 14. leIt delivery at where it is needed Some nanoparticles areavailable fordelivery Eg. Silver,zinc oxide nanoparticle TARGETEDDELIVERY Priyanka Solanki, et al., 2015
- 15. Nanotech. Delivery Systems for Pests, Nutrients, and Plant Hormones • Nano-sensors and Nano-based smart delivery systems could help in the efficient use of agricultural inputs like water, nutrients and chemicals through precision farming. • Nano-sensors dispersed in the field can also detect the presence of plant viruses and the level of soil nutrients. • Nano-encapsulated slow release fertilizers have also become a trend to save fertilizer consumption and to minimize environmental pollution. Kurepa et al., 2010
- 16. MANUFACTURING METHODS OF NANO- FERTILIZERS The fertilizer prepared by use of microbial enzymes for breakdown of the respective salts into Nano-form (biosynthesis) Nano-fertilizers prepared using electron beams/light (lithography) The electrospray technique also used to develop the Nano-fertilizers Source: Thilo Hofman 2008; R.Mohana vishnu p.Subaranjithan, 2011;Rai et al., 2012
- 17. ADVANTAGEANDDISADVANTAGE ADVANTAGES Nano coating-reduce cost Increaseproductivity Improvement in soil aggregation DISADVANTAGES Posesproblem toward environment Nanoparticle aretoxic when entering humanbody High yield than conventional
- 19. REVIEW
- 20. Phosphorus fertilization using nanoscale technology. • (A) Growth of 6 week old 562 soybean plants treated with nanoscale hydroxyapatite and compared with other P sources • (B) Phenotypic growth of cluster bean after 4 weeks of germination, treated with ZnO 564 nanoparticles and compared with its bulk counterpart and control. Here, ZnO nanoparticles increase P mobilizing enzyme activities and enhance native P mobilization in rhizosphere and P uptake by the plant without any additional P fertilization Raliya et al., 2018: J. Agric. Food Chemistry
- 22. GROWTH OF SOYBEAN UNDER DIFFERENT TREATMENTS Source: Hashmat et al. 2014
- 23. EFFECT OF NANO-K ON GRAIN YIELD OF RICE Source: V Karunaratne and N Kottegoda, 2013
- 24. Effect of Copper Nanoparticles on root growth of wheat Hafeez et al., 2015
- 25. Effect of Zn Nano fertilizer on pearl millet Effect Of Zn Nano fertilizer on Pearl Millet Terafdar et al., 2015
- 26. MAIZE SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO NPs and CuO IONS Source: Wang et al. 2012. Environ. Sci. Technol.
- 27. Source: Ekinci, et al. 2014 EFFECT OF NANOTECHNOLOGY LIQUID FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD OF CUCUMBER
- 28. PLANT HEIGHT OF RICE INFLUENCED BY CONVENTIONAL AND NANOFERTILLZER Source: Rose et al, 2015
- 29. Percent Release of Phosphorous by conventional and Nano fertilizer at different incubation days • Source: Shah Muhmmad Imamul Huq, et al. 2017
- 30. Percent release of potassium by conventional and Nano fertilizer at different incubation days. • Source: Shah Muhmmad Imamul Huq, et al. 2017
- 31. Hydroxyl scavenging activity of rice cv. Ilpum as influenced by conventional and Nanofertilizer application under greenhouse conditions. • Source: Sang Chul lee, et al. 2015
- 32. MSNs as a biomolecule delivery vehicle in Plants: Nano- Fertilizer Size Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference MSN- APTES_FITC 2nm Roots Wheat, lupin Increased seed germination. Transport to vascular bundle Present within cells (Hashmat et al., 2013) Cal. NSNs 14, 50, 200nm Roots lupin Decrease phytotoxic effect. Kurepa et al., 2010 MSN- Gold coated 2-10nm Roots tobacco Deliver DNA, chemical into protoplast, Torney et al., 2007
- 33. Nanomaterials used in agricultural plant protection and production. Nano- Fertilizer Conc Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference ZnO 10 mg L-1 Foliar Pearl millet Increased shoot length (15.1%), root length (4.2%) and area (24.2%) Increased chlorophyll (24.4%), soluble leaf protein (38.7%) Increased acid phosphatase (76.9%), alkaline phosphatase (61.7%) and phytase (>3x) Enhancement of microbial population (Tarafdar et al., 2014)
- 34. Nanomaterials used in agricultural plant protection and production. Nano- Fertilizer Conc Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference Fe2O3 (6nm) Germinati on 50-200 mg L-1. Foliar and root Soybean Increased root elongation and photosynthetic parameters by foliar application (Alidoust and Isoda, 2013) Mn (20nm) 0.05-1 mg L-1 Roots Mung bean Increased shoot and root length, dry and fresh biomass, and rootlet number Enhancement in chlorophyll, carotene photophosphorylation and oxygen evolution (Pradhan et al., 2013)
- 35. Nanomaterials used in agricultural plant protection and production. Nano- Fertilizer Conc. Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference Mn (20nm) 0.05-1 mg L-1 Roots Mung bean Increased nitrogen metabolism (Pradhan et al., 2014) TiO2 0.25%-6% Roots Spinach Accelerated seed germination, growth rate and chlorophyll Enhanced RUBISCO activity and photosynthetic rate (Zheng et al., 2005) (Linglan et al., 2008)
- 36. Nanomaterials used in agricultural plant protection and production. Nano- Fertilizer Conc Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference TiO2 0.01%-0.03% Foliar Wheat Increased plant weight, seed number, final yield and biomass Increased gluten and starch (Jaberzadeh et al., 2013) MWCNTs 50 ug m/L Roots Tomato Enhanced fresh and dry biomass, Changes in gene expression (water channel protein) Increased plant height, number of flowers and fruits (Khodakovskaya et al., 2011) (Khodakovskaya et al., 2013)
- 37. Nanomaterials used in agricultural plant protection and production. Nano- Fertilizer Conc Exposure Crop/Plant Effects Reference ZnO 10 mg L-1 Foliar Cluster Bean Increased shoot length (31.5%), root area (73.5%), dry biomass (27.1%) and grain yield Increased chlorophyll (~2.8 x) and soluble leaf protein (27.1%) Increased enzyme activity of acid phosphate (73.5%), alkaline phosphate (48.7%), phytase (72.4%) Increased rhizosphere Raliya and Tarafdar, 2013)
- 38. CNMs used in agricultural plant protection and production. Treatment Material Findings Reference 50mg/L SWCNT and MWCNT Enhanced total fresh biomass Khodakovskaya et al., 2011 10-11day at 50,100,and 200mg/L MWCNT 50% in barley and 90% in Corn increase germination. Soybean, root length increased upto 26%. Lahiani et al., 2013 Effect of carbon nanostructures on tomato germination MWCNTs Seed germination was not related to MWNCTs Lima et al., 2010 2000mg/L in ryegrass MWCNT Increased root length upto 17% Lin and Xing, 2007
- 39. Conclusions • Nano-fertilizers have potential to increase crop productivity through slow or controlled delivery • Due to target specificity, they increase the use efficiency of the fertilizers. • It may reduce ill effects due to overuse of conventional fertilizers.
- 40. FUTURE PROSPECTS • Physiological explanation of mechanism of uptake and translocation by plants. • Influence of nanoparticles in rhizosphere and on root surface. • Effect on environment and human health.