Nano-biosensors are biosensors that operate on the nanoscale. They combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector. There are several types of nano-biosensors including optical biosensors, which use light to detect chemical effects on biological systems; nanowire field effect biosensors, which use semiconductor nanowires as the transistor channel; and piezoelectric biosensors, which use crystals like quartz that vibrate under electric fields. Nano-biosensors have applications in detecting DNA, cells, bacteria, enzymes and more. They can be used for medical testing, environmental monitoring, and cancer detection by coating sensors with cancer-specific biomarkers.

1. Nano-Biosensor
Vikas Kumar
A0999320037

2. What is Nano biosensors?
• A biosensor is a
measurement system for the
detection of an analyte that
combines a biological
component with a
physicochemical detector, and
a nano biosensor is a
biosensor that on the nano-
scale size.

3. Nano biosensors
Transducer Detector Biological Recognition element
(Bioreceptor)

4. Functioning of Nano Biosensors

5. Types of Nano Biosensors
 Optical biosensor
 Nanowire Field Effective
Biosensors
 Piezo-Electric biosensors
 Electrochemical Biosensors

6. • A sensor that uses light to
detect the effect of a
chemical on a biological
system.
• The small size of the
optical fibers allow sensing
intercellular physiological
and biological parameter in
micro- environment.
Optical Nano Biosensor

7. Nanowire Field Effect
Nano Biosensor
• Semiconductor channel
(nanowire) of the transistor.
• The semiconductor channel is
fabricated using nanomaterials
such a carbon nano tubes, metal
oxide nanowires or Si
nanowires.
• Very high surface to volume
radio and very large portion of
the atoms are located on the
surface. Extremely sensitive to
environment.

8. Piezo-Electric Biosensors
• Some piezo-electric devices utilize
crystals, such as quartz, which vibrate
under the influence of an electric field.
The frequency of this oscillation
depends on their thickness and cut.
• Very high surface to volume radio
and very large portion of the atoms are
located on the surface Extremely
sensitive to environment.
• Others use gold to detect the specific
angle at which electron waves (surface
plasmons) are emitted when the
substance is exposed to laser light.
• The change in frequency is
proportional to the mass of absorbed
material.

9. • Amperometric for applied current: Movement of e-
in redox reactions detected when a potential is
applied between two electrodes.
• Potentiometric for voltage: Change in distribution
of charge is detected using ion-selective electrodes,
such as pH-meters.
• Conductimetric for impedance
Electrochemical
Biosensors

10. Application of Nano Biosensors
Biological Application
 DNA Sensors: Genetic monitoring, disease
 Immunosensors: HIV, Hepatitis, other viral disease, drug
testing, environmental monitoring.
 Cell-based Sensors: functional sensors, drug testing.
 Point-of-care sensors: blood, urine, electrolytes, gases,
steroids, drugs, hormones, proteins, other.
 Bacteria Sensors (E-coli, streptococcus, other): food industry,
medicine, environmental, other.
 Enzyme sensors: diabetics, drug testing, other.

11. Environmental Application
Detection of environmental pollution and toxicity
Agricultural monitoring
 Ground water screening
 Ocean monitoring

12. Future Application of Nano Biosensors
Cancer Monitoring
 Nano biosensors play a very important
role for early cancer detection in body
fluids.
 The sensor is coated with a cancer-
specific antibody or other biorecognition
ligands. The capture of a cancer cell or a
target protein yields electrical, optical or
mechanical signal for detection.
Identification of Biomarkers
↓
Validation of Cancer Biomarkers
↓
Cancer Biomarkers
↓
Ligands / Probes Developments
↓
Cancer Diagnostics Biosensor ← Detector
↓
Point of Care Cancer Diagnostics

13. Thank You