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1) A teacher presents a lesson plan on the accidental discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming through a story-based PowerPoint presentation. 2) The presentation details how Fleming failed to properly clean a petri dish containing staphylococcus bacteria, and upon his return from vacation he observed a blue-green mold that had prevented the bacteria's growth. 3) It was concluded that this mold, later identified as penicillin fungus, produced an agent that was able to kill deadly bacteria. This accidental discovery proved to be a major breakthrough in medicine.
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The document outlines key principles for communicative language teaching, including using suitable, meaningful materials that involve natural mistakes and positive reinforcement to make the teaching enjoyable and interactive. It discusses the importance of lesson planning for both teachers and learners, highlighting elements to consider like objectives, prior knowledge, activities, and constant components like objectives and procedures. Teachers are advised to design lessons with variety, coherence, balance, flexibility, and appropriate challenge.
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Innovative lesson plan
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Innovative lesson plan
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Contributions of renowned scientists in Microbiology
This document summarizes the contributions of several renowned scientists in microbiology, including Anton van Leeuwenhoek who was the first to observe bacteria and protozoa using microscopes he developed, Robert Koch who isolated the bacteria that cause tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax and developed staining techniques, Louis Pasteur who disproved spontaneous generation and developed pasteurization, and Edward Jenner who discovered vaccination for smallpox. It also discusses the work of Robert Hooke, Francesco Redi, John Needham, and their experiments related to spontaneous generation and microorganisms.
Role of Edward Jenner and Louis pasteur in immunization.
Edward Jenner was the first to develop a vaccine to prevent smallpox. He observed that milkmaids who had previously contracted cowpox, a milder disease caused by a virus related to smallpox, were immune to smallpox. In an experiment in 1798, Jenner inoculated a young boy with cowpox material, causing a mild infection. The boy later proved immune to smallpox. Louis Pasteur further developed the principle of vaccination by attenuating pathogens to decrease their virulence and using them to immunize against more dangerous diseases like anthrax and rabies. He coined the terms "vaccine" and "immunization" and demonstrated how attenuated cultures could immunize without causing
Microbio.pptx
The document provides a history of microbiology, from early observations of microorganisms in the 17th century to modern techniques. It discusses key figures like Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Redi, and Pasteur and their experiments disproving spontaneous generation. Pasteur developed the germ theory of disease. Koch established criteria to identify disease-causing pathogens. The document also outlines techniques in phenotypic and genotypic taxonomy as well as microbial nutrition and culture media.
Introduction to microbiology
The document provides an introduction to microbiology. It discusses how early scientists like Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first observed microbes under microscopes in the 1670s. Later, scientists like Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Joseph Lister, Robert Koch, and Alexander Fleming made important contributions to microbiology such as developing vaccines and antibiotics. Their work laid the foundation for the field of medical microbiology which studies microbes that infect humans and how to treat associated diseases.
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Contributions of Edward jenner, Robert koch and Joseph Lister
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Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
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Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
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Name of the teacher
- 1. INNOVATIVE LESSON PLAN Submitted by Darsana S B Natural Science Kaviyattu College of Education
- 2. Name of the teacher:Darsana.S.B Name of the school :R.R.V.G.H.S.S kilimanoor Subject:Biology Std:10 Unit: The strategyof defenseandtreatment Date: Lesson:medicinesfrommicroorganisms Time:40 minutes Curricularstatement:- Developsdifferentdimensionsof knowledge,attitude andprocessskillsonthe storybehindpenicillinthroughastorybasedPowerPoint,a storycreationgroup discussion,participationingroupdiscussionandstorytelling. Contentanalysis Newterms:- staphylococcusaureus,pencilliumnotatum Facts:- *penicillinisthe firstantibioticdiscoveredbyDrAlexanderflemming Staphylococcus aureusisa bacteriaproducedsystemicinfectiontohumanbeings The funguspenicillinishadthe capacityto kill the deadly poisonous bacteriacalledstaphylococcus aurous. CONCEPTS Minor concept*Staphylococcus aurousisa bacteriaproduced systemicinfectionto humanbeings *The fungus penicillin hadthe capacitytokill the deadly poisonous bacteriacalledstaphylococcus aureus. Major concept:- the accidental discoveryof penicillin isagreatfortune tothe medicinal field. Learningoutcome Enablesthe pupil todevelop 1) factual knowledge aboutonthe storybehind penicillinthrough
- 3. a) recallingthe newtermslike staphylococcusaureus,penciliumnottatumectfactsconcepts the contentanalysis. b) Recognizingthe importance of pencillinthroughthe story 2) Conceptual knowledgeaboutthe importance of pencillinthrough a) Recallingthe accidental storybehindthe discoveryof pencillin. b) Recognizingthe interrelationshipof the discoveryof pencillininmedicinalfield. c) Explainthe importance of pencillin. 3) Procedural knowledge onthe storybehindthe discoveryof pencillinthrough a) Differentiatingthe importance of pencillinandbadeffectsof staphylococcusaureus 4) Metacognitive knowledge onthe importance of pencillininthe medicinal field. a) focusingonthe importantance of pencillin. 5) differentprocessskillslike a) observationof powerpoint b) leasoningof the story c) communicationthroughpresentinggroupwork Prerequisite Pencillinisthe first antibioticdiscoveredbyAlexanderflemming Teachinglearningresourses Reference *teachershandbook Textbookof std9 SCERT kerala https://en.m.wikipedia,org/wiki/pencillium Classroominteractionprocedure Pupil response
- 4. Teachermakesrapport withstudentsthenteachershowsapowerpointbased aboutAlexanderflemmingandhisaccidental discoveryof pencillin. Slide 1 ALEXANDERFLEMMING Alexanderflamingwasborn on 6th August1881, the son of a farmer.He movedto Londenatthe age of 13 andlate trainedas a doctor. Thenhe began researchinSt Mary’s hospital
- 5. Slide 2 Slide 3 Whenhe was workinginSt Mary’s hospital,he become a famousbacteriologist.andhe wasworkingonbacteria one day he oftenfailedtokeepingequipments clean.once he returnedfromthe summervacationinScotland.That time he observedthe Petridisandbecome amad. The Petridish are usedforthe experimental purposebut he didnotproperlycaverd.the petridishcontain staphylococcusbacteria.thisisverypoisonousbacteria .thisismostly seenindisease likepneumonia,woonds and infectionin bone.butinsteadof bacteriathere are so manyblue greenmouldappear.
- 6. Slide 4 Slide 5 At that time he tookthisdishand carefullyplacedthe dish undermicroscope.Thattime he amazedthat thismould preventthe normal growthof bacteria.andconclude that some bacteriapreventthe normal growthof the bacteria. Thismouldiscalledthe firstantibioticsusedformany deadlydiseases.Throughthisaccidentlydiscoveryof penicillinisagreatfortune tomedicinal fieldandbillions of patientsgetanew life.
- 7. Slide 6 Slide 7 14 yearslate in March1942 Anne Millerbecome the first civilianpatienttobe successfullytreatedwithpencillin. lying neardeathin NewHavenhospital aftermiscausingand developinganinfectionthatleadstobloodpoisoning. Thisaccidental discoveryof pencillinisagreat fortune tomedical field.
- 8. Afterthe presentationof the PowerPoint the storyof discoveryof pencillin,teacherask the group of studentstocreate a story basedon this. a memberfromeach groupto present thisstory. Followupactivity 1) findoutthe discoveryof otherantibiotics 2) prepare a photoalbumof famousscientistwhoinvented remediesforterminaldiseases Pupilspresentthe story.