The document provides information about the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the European Union (EU). It notes that NAFTA established free trade between Canada, Mexico, and the United States in 1994, while the EU promotes free movement of goods, services, capital and people within its 28 member states. The impacts of NAFTA included both economic benefits like increased trade but also costs like job losses in some sectors. The EU aims to foster peace, prosperity, and sustainability among its members through policies supporting areas like regional development, agriculture and immigration. Both agreements have significantly shaped international trade patterns in North America and Europe.

1. EU AND NAFTA
PRESENTED BY:-
AYUSHI GUPTA
NEHA RANI
DIVYA CHOPRA

2. NAFTA

3. INTRODUCTION
 The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a
comprehensive trade agreement that sets the rules of trade and
investment between Canada, the United States, and Mexico
 NAFTA has systematically eliminated most tariff and non-tariff
barriers to free trade and investment between the three NAFTA
countries.
 Trilateral free trade deal
 Establishment: 1 January 1994
 Members: Canada, Mexico & United States
 Official languages: English, French and Spanish
 Secretariats: Mexico city, Ottawa, Washington D.C.
 NAFTA supplements: NAAEC & NAALC

4. WHEN WAS NAFTA STARTED? (HISTORY)
NAFTA was signed by American President George H.W. Bush.
Mexican President Salinas, and Canadian Prime Minister Brian
Mulroney in 1992.
.

5. But NAFTA was signed into law by President Bill
Clinton on December 8, 1993 and entered force
January 1, 1994.

6. OBJECTIVES OF NAFTA
 To eliminate trade barriers & facilitate the cross-border
movements.
 To promote conditions of fair competition.
 To substantially increase investment opportunities.
 To provide adequate and effective protection & enforcement of
intellectual property rights
 To create effective procedures for the implementation and
application of this agreement.
 To establish a framework for further trilateral, regional and
multilateral co-operation.

7. IMPACT

8. IMPACT
• Rise in overall GDP.
• Removes restrictions on cross- border
flow of services.
• Mexico’s poverty rate decreased and real
income increased.
• Tripled trade between Canada, Mexico,
and the United States since it was
enacted. The agreement reduced and
eliminated tariffs.
• Access to a large and increasingly
prosperous market.
• Greater trade increased economic
output.
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) more
than tripled.
• NAFTA lowered prices.
• The agreement helped with government
spending.
• Certain estimates indicate that it led to
job losses.
• Job migration suppressed wages.
• NAFTA put Mexican farmers out of
business.
• Unemployed Mexican farmers went
to work in substandard conditions in
the Maquiladora program.
• U.S. companies degraded the Mexican
environment.
• Cheap labor available in Mexico.
• Increased exports.
• Lower consumer prices of Mexican-
produced goods.

9. NAFTA created the world’s largest free trade area, which benefits the 450 million people within
its borders.
It created an economic powerhouse of $20.08 trillion, as measured by Gross Domestic Product
(GDP).

13. LIST PROS CONS WORTH IT?
1) Trade Increased. Yes
2) Jobs Created 5 million U.S. jobs. 682,900 U.S.
manufacturing jobs lost in
some states.
Yes
3) Wages Average wages increased. Remaining U.S. factories
suppressed wages.
Yes
4) Immigration Forced jobless Mexicans to
cross the border illegally.
No
5) Workers U.S. unions lost leverage.
Mexican workers were
exploited.
No
6) Environment Canada exploited shale
fields. Mexican
environment deteriorated.
No
7) Oil Costs less in the United
States.
Improved Mexican
economy.
Yes
8) Food U.S. costs lower Mexican farmers went out
of business.
No
9) Services U.S. finance and health
care exports increased.
Put Mexican companies
out of business.
Yes
10) FDI Increased. None. Yes
11) Government
Spending
More competitive bidding
on government contracts.
Yes

15. EUROPEAN
UNION

16. INTRODUCTION
• The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union
of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe.
• EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people,
goods, services and capital within the internal
market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and
maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries
and regional development.

17. OBJECTIVES OF EUROPEAN
UNION
 promote peace, its values and the well-being of its citizens
 offer freedom, security and justice without internal borders
 sustainable development based on balanced economic growth and price
stability, a highly competitive market economy with full employment and
social progress, and environmental protection
 combat social exclusion and discrimination
 promote scientific and technological progress
 enhance economic, social and territorial cohesion and solidarity among
EU countries
 respect its rich cultural and linguistic diversity
 establish an economic and monetary union whose currency is the euro.

18. EU SYMBOLS
The European anthem
The motto: United
in diversity
The euro The European
flag
Europe Day, 9 May
• The European flag: The 12 stars in a
circle symbolize the ideals of unity,
solidarity and harmony among the
people of Europe.
• The European anthem: The melody
used to symbolize the EU comes from
the Ninth Symphony composed in
1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven.
• Europe Day: The ideas behind the
European Union were first put forward
on 9th May, 1950 by French foreign
minister Robert Schuman. This is why
9th May is celebrated as a key date for
the EU.
• The EU motto: “United in Diversity”

19. FOUNDERS OF EUROPEAN UNION

20. PRESIDENTS OF EUROPEAN
UNION INSTITUTIONS
President of the European
Commission- Jean-Claude
Juncker
President of the European
Parliament- Antonio Tajani
President of the European
Council- Donald Tusk

21. CURRENCY OF EUROPEAN
UNION
•The Euro is the result of the European Union's project for economic
and monetary union which came fully into being on 1st January,
2002 and it is now the currency used by the majority of European
Union's member states.
•The euro is the official currency for 19 of the 28 EU member
countries.

22. THE EURO – A SINGLE CURRENCY
FOR EUROPEANS
EU countries using the euro
EU countries not using the euro

23. THE SINGLE MARKET

24. Free to move
‘SCHENGEN’
• No police or customs checks at
borders between most EU
countries
• Controls strengthened at the
EU’s external borders
• More cooperation between
police from different EU
countries
• Buy and bring back any goods
for personal use when you
travel between EU countries

27. How EU laws are made
Citizens, interest groups, experts: discuss, consult
Commission: makes formal proposal
Parliament and Council of Ministers: decide jointly
National or local authorities: implement
Commission and Court of Justice: monitor implementation
HOW EU LAWS ARE MADE?

28. EU AND NAFTA IN
WORLD TRADE

35. INDIA’S TRADE WITH
NAFTA AND EU

36. INDIA’S TRADE WITH
NAFTA
INDIA’S EXPORT TO NAFTA
TOTAL USD 18,817.71 millions
INDIA’S IMPORT FROM NAFTA
TOTAL USD 10,472.22 millions

39. THANK YOU