Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease characterized by fluctuating muscle weakness caused by antibodies attacking acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Symptoms include drooping eyelids, double vision, difficulty speaking and swallowing. Diagnosis involves tests like bloodwork, neurological exams, and response to medication. Treatment includes anticholinesterase medications, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and sometimes thymectomy. Nursing care focuses on managing symptoms like impaired communication and activity intolerance.

2. Introduction
By,
Mr.Shubham Dhamanikar

3. Introduction
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune
disease of neuromuscular junction
characterized by the fluctuating weakness of
certain skeletal muscle group.
The peak age at onset in women is during
the childbearing year; in men the peak onset
of myasthenia gravis is between the ages of
50 and 70 years.

4. Introduction
Myasthenia Gravis is cause by an
autoimmune process
Antibody attack acetylcholine(Ach) receptors
Results in a decreased numbers of Ach
receptors (AChR) sites at the neuromuscular
junction
Prevents ACh molecules from attaching and
stimulating muscle contraction

5. Introduction
Double vision(diplopia)
Muscle weakness
Weak eyelids(unilateral ptosis)
Difficulty speaking and smiling
Difficulty chewing and swallowing

6. Introduction
 Single fiber electromyography
(EMG)
 Blood analysis
 Neurological examination
 Edrophonium test

7. Introduction
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT-
 Anticholinesterase agents
 Corticosteroids
 Immunosuppressive agents.

8. Introduction
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT-
THYMECTOMY-
The presence of the thymus gland in
patient with MG appears to enhance the
production of AChR antibodies, removal of
thymus gland results in improvement in a
majority of patients.
OTHER THERAPIES-
Plasmapheresis and IV immunoglobulin G.

9. Introduction
 Ineffective airway clearance related to
intercostal muscle weakness and impaired
cough and gag reflex
 Impaired verbal communication related to
weakness of the larynx, lips, mouth, pharynx,
and jaw
 Activity intolerance related to muscle
weakness and fatigability
 Disturbed body image related to inability to
maintain usual lifestyle and role
responsibilities

10. Introduction
REFRENCE
 BRUNNER & SUDDHART’S TEXTBOOK OF
MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING VOLUME-I.
 LEWIS'S MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING(Assessment and management of
clinical problems) VOLUME-II (PAGE NO. 1495
TO 1497).

12. DOUBLE
VISION
(DIPLOPIA)

13. DOUBLE
VISION
(DIPLOPIA)
Diplopia is the perception of 2 images of a single
object. Diplopia may be monocular or binocular.
Monocular diplopia is present when only one eye is open.
Binocular diplopia disappears when either eye is closed

14. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

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MANIFESTATION

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MANIFESTATION

17. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

18. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

19. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

20. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

21. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION

22. CLINICAL
MANIFESTATION