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This document discusses using photocatalysis to convert biomass into useful compounds. It summarizes that biomass can be converted into furfural (FAL) and then selectively reduced to furfuryl alcohol (FOL) using TiO2 photocatalysis under mild conditions of room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This achieves over 99% yield and selectivity without need for high temperatures or pressures like conventional methods. Photocatalysis provides an environmentally friendly method to transform biomass compounds using sunlight.
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CV Icydora Khakongor
Dr. Icydora Kharkongor is an organic chemist working at the Department of Chemistry at North-Eastern Hill University in Shillong, India. She received her Ph.D. in synthetic organic chemistry in 2015 and has over 5 years of research experience. Her research interests include organic synthesis methodologies, catalysis, heterocyclic chemistry, and natural product total synthesis. She has published several papers on topics such as the synthesis of heterocycles and functionalized compounds using copper and selenium-based catalysts.
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2.5ml Ethanol is used on plant extracts of locus bean (parkiabiglobosa) and banana sap (musaparadisiaca) as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M dilute HCl was investigated using weight loss techniques. Corrosion tests were first carried out for 1 and 3 hrs of immersion time respectively at various concentrations of extracts (0.5ml, 1.0ml, 1.5ml, 2.0ml and 2.5ml) and 2.5ml were used as corrosion inhibitors and at different temperatures (38oC, 45oC and 55oC). Results showed that the minimum corrosion rate obtained for 1 hr at 38oC with extract of Pakiabiglobosa is 0.85×10-4g/cm3/min and efficiency of 18.75% for 1hr, while at 55oC the corrosion rate was 4.37×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of 33%. With ethanol extract of banana sap, minimum corrosion rate and efficiency recorded at 38°C were (4.16×10-4 g/cm3/min and efficiency of (22.1%), while at 55oC they were (0.83×10-4 g/cm3/min) and (7.6%) respectively. From these results, it is concluded that extracts of locust bean and banana sap can be successfully used as corrosion inhibitors in specified acidic medium.
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- Methods for characterizing the chemical and physical properties of the pyrolysis products
- An example research study on the pyrolysis of various biomass and plastic blends
An introduction to waste to energy 130417
This document provides an introduction to waste-to-energy technologies. It discusses various types of solid waste including municipal and hazardous waste. It describes established waste treatment methods like composting, incineration, and landfills. Newer technologies like plasma gasification are introduced. The document also addresses environmental concerns associated with waste treatment and discusses methods like waste burning and methane capture in more detail.
Waste to energy
Waste to energy is the process of converting waste into fuel for energy generation. Solid waste can be used directly as fuel because it is flammable and composed of high energy molecules. Plastics in particular can be converted into fuel since most are made from fossil fuels like petroleum and polymers that can undergo combustion to produce heat. Through processes like pyrolysis, waste can be broken down and converted into biomass fuel in specialized reactors with limited oxygen to produce molecular bond breakage and maximize fuel output.
Biomass part1
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Presentation is about pyrolysis, types of pyrolysis, equipment, advantages, and application of pyrolysis
Biomass to bioenergy by thr thermochemical and biochemical pricesses
Pyrolysis,carbonization, gasification and biomass conversion into the bioenergy are described in these slides. There all types of pyrolysis and carbonization and gasification which are usable into the bioenergy processing.
Biomass
This document discusses biomass as a renewable energy source. It defines biomass as natural material from living or dead organisms that can be converted to energy. Biomass energy is stored in organic compounds that can be converted into heat, gases, solids, liquids or chemicals through combustion, gasification or pyrolysis. Examples of biomass feedstocks include wood, agricultural waste and municipal solid waste. The document also outlines the biomass energy cycle and various biomass conversion technologies and their processes.
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Torrefaction
Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process that improves the properties of biomass for energy applications. It involves heating biomass to 200-300°C in an inert environment to remove moisture and make it hydrophobic. This increases the energy density and grindability of biomass while producing a uniform, stable fuel. Torrefaction decomposes hemicellulose while maximizing the energy yield of the solid product. The process addresses issues with raw biomass like high moisture content and reactivity. Further research is needed to develop commercial torrefaction systems and optimize process parameters to produce ideal torrefied biomass for various end uses like power generation and pelletization.
Alternative fuels
Alternative fuels are fuels that can replace traditional petroleum-based fuels. They do not contaminate the environment and are renewable. Some types of alternative fuels discussed in the document include biomass, made from living organisms and used for electricity and heat; ethanol, produced from plant materials and most commonly used as a motor fuel; methanol, also known as wood alcohol which is produced through biological processes; and biodiesel, made from vegetable or animal fats as an alternative to diesel fuel. Other alternative fuels mentioned are hydrogen, which can be produced from fossil fuels, biomass, or water electrolysis; propane, a liquified petroleum gas that is widely used; and natural gas, which comes from biogenic or thermogenic
Solid Biofuel - Overview
EVE Innovations has developed a patented process that converts organic waste into a solid biofuel with an energy density comparable to coal. The process is cost-effective and environmentally friendly as it produces no sulfur, nitrous oxides, or heavy metals when burned. Testing shows the biofuel burns cleaner than coal and can be produced from a variety of waste materials. EVE Innovations licenses the technology and seeks to commercialize the biofuel as a green replacement for coal.
WOOD ENERGY AND EXTRACTIVES
Wood biomass contains various extractives that can be obtained through extraction and distillation processes. Extractives include terpenoids, sterols, fatty acids, waxes, and phenolic compounds. Terpenoids are the main constituents of resins and essential oils, and come in many forms including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpenes, and polyterpenes. Extractives contribute to wood properties like color, odor, and durability. They are also important for tree functions such as defense against microbes and insects. Extractives can be further processed for uses in adhesives, chemicals, and other products.
biomass fuels and cook stoves
This presentation includes biomass as renewable energy resource, densification of biomass fuels, and biomass cook stoves.
Bioenergy
This document discusses energy from biomass. It defines biomass as organic matter produced by plants through photosynthesis. Biomass can be converted into energy through direct conversion, thermo-chemical conversion (gasification and liquefaction), or biochemical conversion (anaerobic digestion and fermentation). Anaerobic digestion is the production of biogas through decomposition of waste in the absence of oxygen. Biogas contains methane and can be an energy source. The document also discusses factors that affect biogas production and different types of biogas plants.
Plastic waste into fuel using pyrolysis process
interesting civil engineering topics
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Fuels and Combustion Lectures (GIKI)
This document provides an introduction and self-introduction of Muhammad Shozab Mehdi. It states his qualifications including degrees from NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology and Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology. It also lists his research interests in hydrodynamics and mass transfer in multiphase flows and his office contact details. It then provides an outline for the course CH 212: Fuel and Combustion including topics that will be covered such as various fuels, combustion aspects, and emission control.
SOLID AND HAZARDOUS WASTE.pdf
1. Hazardous wastes must be deposited in secure landfills with at least 3 meters of separation between the waste and groundwater, and a double liner system with leachate collection.
2. Things that can be practiced to reduce waste include source reduction, recycling, reuse, and improving waste disposal facility design and management.
3. Common waste disposal methods include landfilling, incineration, anaerobic digestion, composting, pyrolysis, and gasification. Each method breaks down waste in different ways to reduce volume and produce byproducts that can be used.
What is Photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It requires chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water, light, and nutrients. There are two stages - the light-dependent reactions where light energy is absorbed and converted to chemical energy, and the light-independent reactions where carbohydrates are produced. The main factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis are light, temperature, and carbon dioxide concentration. Photosynthesis is important as it provides food and oxygen, removes carbon dioxide from the air, and ultimately drives the majority of life on Earth.
Biomass Pyrolysis
Biomass pyrolysis produces bio-oil, syngas, and biochar. It involves heating biomass like wood or agricultural waste in the absence of oxygen. Fast pyrolysis at 450-1000°C yields 60% bio-oil that can be upgraded to fuels or chemicals. Syngas and biochar are also produced. Biochar improves soil quality and stores carbon long-term. The document discusses pyrolysis process parameters, products, applications, and provides an example of its environmental and energy benefits compared to fossil fuels according to a life cycle analysis. Bottlenecks to commercializing biomass energy in India include supply chain and policy issues.
Biomass Pyrolysis, Biochar, Syngas
biomas pyrolysis,its features properties methods and current context in India and world with life cycle analysis.Biomass as renewable energy source for pollution free environment and sustainable development of society.Biochar for farming and Bagesse for cogeneration in industries
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Biomass to bioenergy by thr thermochemical and biochemical pricesses
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My reseach
- 1. Photocatalytic transformation ～ Biomass ～ Graduate School of Science and Engineering Doctor Course (D2) Kousuke Nakanishi
- 2. Fossil resource Fuel Raw material Reserves to production ratio Petroleum Natural gas Coal Fossil resource 109 years56 years53 years
- 3. Biomass Biomass is expected as alternative resource for fossil resource. Biomass Fossil resource Petroleum Natural gas Coal
- 4. What is biomass? Biomass is an organic biological source excluding fossil resource. • Thinned wood • Waste from sawmill and paper mill • Manure • Plant (Corn, bamboo)
- 5. Advantages of biomass utilization • renewable • carbon neutral Biomass Product CO2 Photosynthesis Burning・biodegradation
- 6. Biomass derived compound Biomass Furfural (FAL) Furfuryl alcohol (FOL) ✓ Raw material of medicine and resin ✓ Organic solvent Problems ✓ High temperature ✓ High pressure Resolution method Photocatalysis ✓ Room temperature ✓ Atmospheric pressure
- 7. What is photocatalyst? Photocatalyst is a material that show catalysis by irradiation of light. Natural photocatalyst Human-made photocatalyst • Titanium dioxide (TiO2)• Chlorophyll Non toxic Chemical stable Inexpensive
- 8. TiO2 photocatalyst Photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 is green redox system. TiO2 photocatalyst is driven by irradiation of UV light at room temperature under atmospheric pressure.
- 9. Photocatalytic reduction of FAL to FOL CO2 H2 TiO2 Selective reduction of FAL to FOL was achieved under mild condition by photocatalysis of TiO2. 25 oC, 1 atm (Ar) Yield >99% Selecticity > 99% FAL FOL
- 10. Summary h+ e- TiO2 We achieved reduction of organic compounds over photocatalyst that utilize sunlight.
Editor's Notes
- I’m Kousuke Nakanishi. I’m 2nd year student of doctor course at kindai university. Today, I’d like to talk about “photocatalytic transformation”. In this presentation, I focused on biomass.
- To start with my talk, I’ll provide the background. Petroleum is used as fuels and raw materials for medicines and plastics. However, fossil resources such as petroleum, natural gas and coal are limited. Therefore, we require alternative resource for fossil resource.
- Currently, biomass is expected as alternative resource for fossil resource.
- What is biomass? Biomass is an organic biological source excluding fossil resource. For example, thinned wood, waste from sawmill and paper mill, manure and some plants are included in biomass.
- Advantages of biomass utilization are renewable and carbon neutral. Carbon neural is this cycle. Biomass is converted to product. The product is converted to CO2 by burning and biodegradation. Since the formed CO2 is consumed in photosynthesis, biomass is environment-friendly. 逆がいいかも
- Furfuryl alcohol is important compound. FOL is formed from furfural that is one of Biomass derived compound. However, FOL formation from FAL have problems. This reaction require high temperature and high pressure. So, I propose to use photocatalysis as resolution method.
- What is photocatalyst? Photocatalyst is a material that show catalysis by irradiation of light. Chlorophyll of plants is known as a typical natural photocatalyst. A typical human-made photocatalyst is titanium dioxide. TiO2 is non toxic, chemical stable and inexpensive.
- I explain mechanism of TiO2 photocatalysis. When TiO2 is irradiated by UV light, charge separation occurs. Formed electron in the conduction band cause reduction and hole in the valence band cause oxidation, respectively. Photocatalytic reaction proceeds at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. Photocatalytic reaction of TiO2 is green redox system.
- This is one of result. we examined photocatalytic reduction of furfural to furfuryl alcohol in suspensions of TiO2 at room temperature under atmospheric pressure. Red plots show amounts of FAL, and blue plots show amounts of FOL. Just after irradiation, the amount of FAL decreased, while FOL as reduction product of FAL were formed. As the result, FOL was obtained with high yield and selectivity for twenty-minute. In summary, selective reduction of FAL to FOL was achieved under mild condition by photocatalysis of TiO2.
- In summary,