This document provides an overview of Spanish grammar concepts including: 1. Conjugations for the preterite, imperfect, and future tenses as well as irregular verbs. 2. Examples of trigger words that indicate which tense to use. 3. Comparisons of por vs para and their uses. 4. Additional topics covered include verb forms like gustar verbs, comparisons, transitions, and helping verbs.

1. My Grammar NotebookCreated By:Adriano Sharkasi

2. Part One: The Prederite

3. El PreteritoYo- eTu- asteEl, ella, usted- ONosotros-amosUstedes- aronYo- iTu- isteEl, ella, usted-ioNosotros- imosUstedes-ieronAr InfinitivesEr and Ir Infinitives

4. Trigger Words for the PrederiteThese are some trigger words or “signal” words that should tell you that the prederite form must be used they inclulde:AnocheAyerAnteayerEl anopasadoLa semanapasada

5. Car, Gar, and Zar verbsInfinitives that end in these endings are irregular in the yo form Car verbs end in qu, Gar verbs end ingu, and zar verbs change z to cExamplesJugar= JugueTocar= ToqueEmpezar = Empece

6. Spock VerbsDar and Ver.Ir and SerHacer

7. Snake and Snakey verbse->ipedirpreferircompetirrepetirservirsentirvenirOnly change in the 3rd person

8. Snakey verbsIncludes leer and oirUse “y” in the usted and ustedes

9. Cucaracha verbsAndar – AnduveEstar- EstuvePoder- PudePoner- PuseQuerer- QuiseSaber- SupeTener- TuveVenir- VineConducir-CondujeTraducir- TradujeDecir- DijeTraer- Traje

10. Part two: the imperfect

11. The ImperfectThe imperfect is something that happened in the past but was a habitual/ continual action.It differs with the preterit in that while the preterit was a completed action, the imperfect is something that a person continually used to doExamplesI set the table last night. (Preterit)When I was a little kid, I set the table every night. (Imperfect)

12. Conjugations for the Imperfect

13. Trigger words for the ImperfectSome trigger words for the Imperfect include:Cuando era nino/nina.A menudoA vecesCadadiaCon frequenciaCadaanoCadamesDe vez en cuandoGeneralmente

14. Imperfect IrregularsThere are only three imperfect irregulars: Ser, Ir, and Ver.

16. Verbs like Gustaraburrir to bore fascinarto be fascinating to bastarto be sufficientimportarto be important to caerbien (mal) to (not) suit interesarto be interesting to darasco to be loathsome molestarto be a bother disgustarto hate something parecerto appear to bedoler (o:ue) to be painful picarto itch encantarto "love" something quedarto be left over, remain faltarto be lacking something volver

17. D- descriptionO- originC- CharacteristicT-timeO-occupationR-RelationshipPE-eventD-dateH-E-emotionL-locationP-positionINGING= ando, iendo, SerEstar

18. Comparative and SuperlativeWhen compareing words, One should use queWhen compareing age or numbers, one should use de.Examples for QueRoberto esmas alto que SimonRicardo tienemas calificaciones buenos que Rafael.Examples for DeEl hombre tieneseisplumasmas de el chicho.Superlative wordsSuperlative words are words used to describe age differece, and quality of something (better or worse than.)These words can be used in concordance with the comparative form.Here are some common superlative wordsViejo- olderJoven- youngerMejor- betterPeor- worse

19. TransitionsTransitions add flow and continuity to a text, thus creating a better understanding to the reader. Some common Spanish tranistions include:Aunque= even thoughTambien= alsoPor lo tanto= thereforeSin embargo= neverthelessPero= butMientras= contrast toA pensar de= in spite of

20. Part four: the future

21. The futureThe future tense is something that will happen.It is one of the easiest tenses to learn, as there is no removing of the infinitive and that there are few irregulars.

22. Conjugation of the Future tense

23. Future IrregularsHere are some irregulars in the Future tense.DirHarPondreSaldrTendrCabrValdrSabr

24. Trigger words for the futureHere are some signal words for the future tense:MañanaEn el añonuevoEn el mesnuevoEn la semananuevoDespues de manana

25. Part five: Por and para

26. PorPor is generally used when Passing through a place; it is more general rather than specific.Location (PORtugal)How long something lasts (PORever)The cause of something (POR’pus)An exchange (imPORt, exPORt)Doing something in place of or instead of someone else TransPORtation

27. ParaFor whom something is done (PARAty)Destination (PARAguay)The purpose for which something is done (PARAsites)To express an opinion (PARAdon me, but…)To contrast or compareTo express idea of deadline (PARamedic)