José Carlos Sánchez Prieto, Susana Olmos Migueláñez and Francisco J. García-Peñalvo.
Research Group in InterAction and eLearning (GRIAL)
IUCE
University of Salamanca
EXTENSION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM): A STUDY ON INDIAN INTERNET BA...IAEME Publication
Internet banking plays significant role in the development of banking business in our country. An application of electronic service brings predominant changes in the way of doing banking transactions. In simpler terms, internet banking refers to banking through bank’s website with the help of internet connection. Internet banking provides lot of benefits to the customers as well as the banks. Internet banking provides different kinds of services to the customers in the form checking balances, account statement, pay utility bills etc
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN PAKISTANMuhammad Ahmad
E-government provides opportunities to deliver various services more effectively and better serve citizens. In developing countries, e-government initiatives provide services that have been previously inaccessible to their citizens. However, e-government initiatives in developing countries are still in their infancy and face a wide range of barriers that restrict wide-spread use. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan has a low level of e-government services adoption. Previous research has investigated e-government services in developing countries from the organizational perspective. However, the research stream suffers from an absence of studies that have investigated e-government from a citizen’s perspective. The success of e-government services depends on government support as well as on citizen’s adoption. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the challenges and barriers of e-government services from the user’s perspective. In this study, an amended version of the UTAUT model is used to investigate the factors influencing the uptake of e-government services in Pakistan. The results show that the factors influencing the adoption of e-government services in Pakistan are related to ease of use, usefulness, social influence, technological issues, lack of awareness, data privacy, and trust. Implications for e-businesses and government policy decision makers are also considered in this study.
José Carlos Sánchez Prieto, Susana Olmos Migueláñez and Francisco J. García-Peñalvo.
Research Group in InterAction and eLearning (GRIAL)
IUCE
University of Salamanca
EXTENSION OF TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM): A STUDY ON INDIAN INTERNET BA...IAEME Publication
Internet banking plays significant role in the development of banking business in our country. An application of electronic service brings predominant changes in the way of doing banking transactions. In simpler terms, internet banking refers to banking through bank’s website with the help of internet connection. Internet banking provides lot of benefits to the customers as well as the banks. Internet banking provides different kinds of services to the customers in the form checking balances, account statement, pay utility bills etc
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF E-GOVERNMENT SERVICES IN PAKISTANMuhammad Ahmad
E-government provides opportunities to deliver various services more effectively and better serve citizens. In developing countries, e-government initiatives provide services that have been previously inaccessible to their citizens. However, e-government initiatives in developing countries are still in their infancy and face a wide range of barriers that restrict wide-spread use. Like many other developing countries, Pakistan has a low level of e-government services adoption. Previous research has investigated e-government services in developing countries from the organizational perspective. However, the research stream suffers from an absence of studies that have investigated e-government from a citizen’s perspective. The success of e-government services depends on government support as well as on citizen’s adoption. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring the challenges and barriers of e-government services from the user’s perspective. In this study, an amended version of the UTAUT model is used to investigate the factors influencing the uptake of e-government services in Pakistan. The results show that the factors influencing the adoption of e-government services in Pakistan are related to ease of use, usefulness, social influence, technological issues, lack of awareness, data privacy, and trust. Implications for e-businesses and government policy decision makers are also considered in this study.
Extending UTAUT to explain social media adoption by microbusinessesDebashish Mandal
This paper establishes inadequacies of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory to explain social media adoption by microbusinesses. Literature review confirms the explaining power of UTAUT in variety of technology adoption by businesses. This paper uses UTAUT theory to implement social media technology in microbusinesses. Canonical action research method is adopted to introduce social media in microbusinesses. A post positivist approach is used to report the results based on a predetermined premise. It was found that the major constructs of performance and effort expectancy played insignificant role in establishing behavioural and adoption intention of social media by microbusinesses. Social influence and facilitating condition did not influence the behavioural intentions of the microbusiness owners. Individual characteristics and codification effort dominated the use behaviour. Goal of gaining customers leads to behavioural modification resulting in replacing of behavioural intention with goals as a superior method of predicting adoption behaviour within the context of microbusinesses. This paper extends the UTAUT to explain social media adoption in microbusinesses.
An Examination of the Prior Use of E-Learning Within an Extended Technology A...Maurice Dawson
The purpose of this empirical study was to test specific factors of behavioral intention to use m-learning in a community college setting using a modified technology acceptance model and antecedent factors suggested by the researcher’s review of the literature. In addition, the study’s purpose was to expand understanding of behavioral intention to use m-learning and to contribute to the growing body of research. This research model was based on relevant technology acceptance literature. The study examines the significance of “prior use of e-learning” and correlation with the behavioral intention to use m-learning. Existing models have looked at prior use of e-learning in other domains, but not specifically m-learning. Other models and studies have primarily looked at the prior use of e-learning variable as a moderating variable and not one that is directly related to attitude and behavioral intention. The study found that there is a relationship between prior use of e-learning and behavioral intention to use m-learning. This research direction was proposed by Lu and Viehland.
Analysis of the User Acceptance for Implementing ISO/IEC 27001:2005 in Turkis...IJMIT JOURNAL
This study aims to develop a model for the user acceptance for implementing the information security standard (i.e. ISO 27001) in Turkish public organizations. The results of the surveys performed in Turkey reveal that the legislation on information security public which organizations have to obey is significantly related with the user acceptance during ISO 27001 implementation process. The fundamental components of our user acceptance model are perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, social norms, and performance expectancy.
Improving Technological Services and Its Effect on the Police’s PerformanceEditor IJCATR
The role of police department in any country is critical. It is obvious that improving the technology in police department can
be done with safety and contributes to improve its economy. This paper, first tries to recognize the existed weaknesses in used
technologies. Then, it will suggest the best approach. The proposed framework of this study points out to two different moderating
roles that can be considered as technical contributions. Moreover, the combination of this proposed framework is new for current
study. This framework is concentrated on technology improvement, knowledge management system, technology acceptance, police
performance, and ministry performance
Preliminary Research on Adoption and Diffusion Model of SMEs E-Learning in Th...www.nbtc.go.th
Preliminary Research on Adoption
and Diffusion Model of SMEs
E-Learning in Thailand
Noppadol Tiamnara
Office of the National Broadcasting
and Telecommunications Commission, Thailand
The contribution of SMEs to
economic growth is widely recognized and
Thailand is one of the countries where
SMEs have always played a primary role in
digital economy environment. This paper is
a research-in-progress which aims to
construct a conceptual framework to
understand adoption and diffusion of
e-learning among small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Various
models of technology acceptance and
adoption are reviewed in this research to
analyze and apply for developing the
conceptual framework of the research. The
future work of the research is explained.
The results of the research in this paper will
provide recommendations to support SMEs
to utilize e-learning to foster the economic
impacts to the country. Analysis in this
research is based on quantitative approach.
Reference
http://www.ijcim.th.org/SpecialEditions/v23nSP2/02_25A_Preliminary.pdf
How institutions make decisions to accept or reject technology innovation has been explored by academics with the assistance of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Scenarios involving successful delivery of online learning from degree granting universities guide this literature review. It examines decision processes influenced by TAM methods combined with dominant research perspectives such as Self-efficacy Theory and Universal Technology Adoption and Use Theory. This paper analyzes which variables determine perceptions of usefulness, attitude and preferences and become frequent factors to influence typical TAM results. It identifies patterns about reliable predictors of outcomes (behaviors, aligning IT and preferences) for educational investments in learning environments, content delivery and teacher preferences. Adoption of technology is a complex, inherently social process guided by perceptions or misperception of value and ease of use. Thus, facilitating a decision to adopt devices, software or processes must address emotional, cognitive, and contextual concerns of all stakeholders.
Prepared for TCC conference, 2011
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
E-GOVERNANCE ADOPTION IN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OF INDIAijmpict
India, the growing economic super-power proceeded with lightning speed towards the adoption and successful implementation of e-governance. The Government of West Bengal (federal unit of India) implemented e-governance in pension office i.e. Pension Management System (PMS), for faster and efficient delivery of public services. The success of PMS is dependent on many factors and one among them is the successful adoption by the employee which has been empirically analyzed. The study used the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Trust to build a conceptual model. Data collected from 60 employees working on the system and the model is assessed with regression analyses. The findings show that the determinants of the research model are support. The study also shows that the system doesn’t perform completely error free tasks which the Government of West Bengal should address. This is the first study of employee adoption of e-governance in pension office of India.
Implementation of ICT As a Change Agent in Computing Students Result in Chukw...IJERA Editor
Manual method of sorting out for result and computing it has posed a big problem to exams unit in ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University (COOU), In Anambra State, Nigeria. During computation of results, the exam officers collect paper results from the department and either calculate them on papers or enter them on a computer for computation. Either of them is hard work and time wasting. Hence we propose a change and retrieval agent in computing results in ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University, Uli. Since the University already has an existing website, we require a new format for uploading results to the website using Microsoft excel witheight (8) specific columns namely: names of students, registration numbers, continuous assignment, examination score, total score, grade and remarks done by course lecturers.To compute the results of a particular student, the exam officer opens the application; enters the required detail and the application will fetch and populate the grade fields automatically from the results already uploaded on the university website by the course lecturers. The application needs internet connection in order to do this. Thereafter the results are computed by the application. The methodology used is Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methods. The application is a windows application written with Microsoft visual basic.net. The database used in saving login information and computed CGPAs is a free distributed database MySQL. The result of this researchis a functional result retrieval and computation application used only by the authorized personnel for computation of degree results.
The purpose of the current study is to propose discriminated management strategies for mobile
learning environments after observing the effects of mobile self-efficacy on performance
expectancy and effort expectancy, the social influence on intention of use, and the effects of
facilitating conditions and intention of use on learners' actual use of mobile learning by adding
mobile self-efficacy to the UTAUT model proposed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). We established
hypotheses to determine whether mobile self-efficacy, performance expectancy, effort
expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions affect intention of use and whether
intention of use affects actual use. Results showed that when mobile self-efficacy and
performance expectancy is higher, so is the intention of using mobile learning services. It was
confirmed that the factors had significant indirect effects on the actual use by mediating the
intention of use and that the intention of use directly affected actual use. However, the current
research reported that effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitation conditions did not
have significant effects on the intention of using mobile learning services. These results will
contribute substantially to the design of effective mobile learning environments.
Readiness measurement of IT implementation in Higher Education Institutions i...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article elaborates the result of the Pilot Study which is related to IT implementation factors at the Higher Education Institution (HEI), a pilot study is used to validate quantitative readiness model of IT implementation. The main objective of this study is examining the factors that influence the readiness of IT implementation in HEI. This study attempts to analyze IT Content factors, Institutional Context, People, Process, Technology, Service Quality and IT Implementation Readiness (ITIR). The sample of data was taken from 150 HEIs throughout Indonesia which was then processed in statistical techniques through PLS-SEM method. The research finding shows that 9 of the 14 hypotheses used as ITIR model construct have a very significant influence on IT implementation on HEI, so that this finding can provide a comprehensive contribution to the literature of ITIR model development.
In this case study we identify the factors that influence the adoption of a new system in a major company in Saudi Arabia. We develop a theoretical framework to help derive better understanding of system adoption via socio-technical integration.
We formulation of 14 hypotheses that were tested via a survey of 42 system users. Management support and change management were found to be significant factors influencing system adoption. As a result, the 14 null hypotheses were rejected due to their statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). Discussions and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Extending UTAUT to explain social media adoption by microbusinessesDebashish Mandal
This paper establishes inadequacies of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) theory to explain social media adoption by microbusinesses. Literature review confirms the explaining power of UTAUT in variety of technology adoption by businesses. This paper uses UTAUT theory to implement social media technology in microbusinesses. Canonical action research method is adopted to introduce social media in microbusinesses. A post positivist approach is used to report the results based on a predetermined premise. It was found that the major constructs of performance and effort expectancy played insignificant role in establishing behavioural and adoption intention of social media by microbusinesses. Social influence and facilitating condition did not influence the behavioural intentions of the microbusiness owners. Individual characteristics and codification effort dominated the use behaviour. Goal of gaining customers leads to behavioural modification resulting in replacing of behavioural intention with goals as a superior method of predicting adoption behaviour within the context of microbusinesses. This paper extends the UTAUT to explain social media adoption in microbusinesses.
An Examination of the Prior Use of E-Learning Within an Extended Technology A...Maurice Dawson
The purpose of this empirical study was to test specific factors of behavioral intention to use m-learning in a community college setting using a modified technology acceptance model and antecedent factors suggested by the researcher’s review of the literature. In addition, the study’s purpose was to expand understanding of behavioral intention to use m-learning and to contribute to the growing body of research. This research model was based on relevant technology acceptance literature. The study examines the significance of “prior use of e-learning” and correlation with the behavioral intention to use m-learning. Existing models have looked at prior use of e-learning in other domains, but not specifically m-learning. Other models and studies have primarily looked at the prior use of e-learning variable as a moderating variable and not one that is directly related to attitude and behavioral intention. The study found that there is a relationship between prior use of e-learning and behavioral intention to use m-learning. This research direction was proposed by Lu and Viehland.
Analysis of the User Acceptance for Implementing ISO/IEC 27001:2005 in Turkis...IJMIT JOURNAL
This study aims to develop a model for the user acceptance for implementing the information security standard (i.e. ISO 27001) in Turkish public organizations. The results of the surveys performed in Turkey reveal that the legislation on information security public which organizations have to obey is significantly related with the user acceptance during ISO 27001 implementation process. The fundamental components of our user acceptance model are perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, social norms, and performance expectancy.
Improving Technological Services and Its Effect on the Police’s PerformanceEditor IJCATR
The role of police department in any country is critical. It is obvious that improving the technology in police department can
be done with safety and contributes to improve its economy. This paper, first tries to recognize the existed weaknesses in used
technologies. Then, it will suggest the best approach. The proposed framework of this study points out to two different moderating
roles that can be considered as technical contributions. Moreover, the combination of this proposed framework is new for current
study. This framework is concentrated on technology improvement, knowledge management system, technology acceptance, police
performance, and ministry performance
Preliminary Research on Adoption and Diffusion Model of SMEs E-Learning in Th...www.nbtc.go.th
Preliminary Research on Adoption
and Diffusion Model of SMEs
E-Learning in Thailand
Noppadol Tiamnara
Office of the National Broadcasting
and Telecommunications Commission, Thailand
The contribution of SMEs to
economic growth is widely recognized and
Thailand is one of the countries where
SMEs have always played a primary role in
digital economy environment. This paper is
a research-in-progress which aims to
construct a conceptual framework to
understand adoption and diffusion of
e-learning among small and medium-sized
enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand. Various
models of technology acceptance and
adoption are reviewed in this research to
analyze and apply for developing the
conceptual framework of the research. The
future work of the research is explained.
The results of the research in this paper will
provide recommendations to support SMEs
to utilize e-learning to foster the economic
impacts to the country. Analysis in this
research is based on quantitative approach.
Reference
http://www.ijcim.th.org/SpecialEditions/v23nSP2/02_25A_Preliminary.pdf
How institutions make decisions to accept or reject technology innovation has been explored by academics with the assistance of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Scenarios involving successful delivery of online learning from degree granting universities guide this literature review. It examines decision processes influenced by TAM methods combined with dominant research perspectives such as Self-efficacy Theory and Universal Technology Adoption and Use Theory. This paper analyzes which variables determine perceptions of usefulness, attitude and preferences and become frequent factors to influence typical TAM results. It identifies patterns about reliable predictors of outcomes (behaviors, aligning IT and preferences) for educational investments in learning environments, content delivery and teacher preferences. Adoption of technology is a complex, inherently social process guided by perceptions or misperception of value and ease of use. Thus, facilitating a decision to adopt devices, software or processes must address emotional, cognitive, and contextual concerns of all stakeholders.
Prepared for TCC conference, 2011
Antecedents of Knowledge Management Practices: Case of Malaysian PractitionersjournalBEEI
In this paper, we investigated the knowledge management (KM) behavior of executives in Malaysia who work in different sectors and involved in Information Technology (IT) related fields. We proposed a conceptual framework based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to study their intention and involvement in KM initiatives. The knowledge creation theory (SECI process) was employed to operationalize KM intention and KM behavior. We proposed six independent variables that represent the social-cultural nature of KM as the antecedence of KM intention. These variables are trust, management support, decentralization, IT support, performance expectancy (PE), and effort expectancy (EE). Seventy-four executives from both private and government-linked organizations responded to our online questionnaire. SmartPLS3 was used to run the analysis. The reliability was ensured with the factor loadings, Cronbach’s alpha, Composite Reliability (CR) that met the fit requirement of above 0.6, 0.7 and 0.7 respectively. The convergent validity was confirmed through average variance extracted (AVE) that met the fit requirement of above 0.5. The discriminant validity was assessed by using Fornell and Larcker’s criterion. Finally, the structural model confirmed that only PE of KM, and EE of KM are the significant predictors of KM intention and the KM intention significantly predicts KM behavior. The implications of the findings are discussed in detail at the end of the paper.
E-GOVERNANCE ADOPTION IN GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION OF INDIAijmpict
India, the growing economic super-power proceeded with lightning speed towards the adoption and successful implementation of e-governance. The Government of West Bengal (federal unit of India) implemented e-governance in pension office i.e. Pension Management System (PMS), for faster and efficient delivery of public services. The success of PMS is dependent on many factors and one among them is the successful adoption by the employee which has been empirically analyzed. The study used the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Trust to build a conceptual model. Data collected from 60 employees working on the system and the model is assessed with regression analyses. The findings show that the determinants of the research model are support. The study also shows that the system doesn’t perform completely error free tasks which the Government of West Bengal should address. This is the first study of employee adoption of e-governance in pension office of India.
Implementation of ICT As a Change Agent in Computing Students Result in Chukw...IJERA Editor
Manual method of sorting out for result and computing it has posed a big problem to exams unit in ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University (COOU), In Anambra State, Nigeria. During computation of results, the exam officers collect paper results from the department and either calculate them on papers or enter them on a computer for computation. Either of them is hard work and time wasting. Hence we propose a change and retrieval agent in computing results in ChukwuemekaOdumegwuOjukwu University, Uli. Since the University already has an existing website, we require a new format for uploading results to the website using Microsoft excel witheight (8) specific columns namely: names of students, registration numbers, continuous assignment, examination score, total score, grade and remarks done by course lecturers.To compute the results of a particular student, the exam officer opens the application; enters the required detail and the application will fetch and populate the grade fields automatically from the results already uploaded on the university website by the course lecturers. The application needs internet connection in order to do this. Thereafter the results are computed by the application. The methodology used is Object Oriented Analysis and Design Methods. The application is a windows application written with Microsoft visual basic.net. The database used in saving login information and computed CGPAs is a free distributed database MySQL. The result of this researchis a functional result retrieval and computation application used only by the authorized personnel for computation of degree results.
The purpose of the current study is to propose discriminated management strategies for mobile
learning environments after observing the effects of mobile self-efficacy on performance
expectancy and effort expectancy, the social influence on intention of use, and the effects of
facilitating conditions and intention of use on learners' actual use of mobile learning by adding
mobile self-efficacy to the UTAUT model proposed by Venkatesh et al. (2003). We established
hypotheses to determine whether mobile self-efficacy, performance expectancy, effort
expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions affect intention of use and whether
intention of use affects actual use. Results showed that when mobile self-efficacy and
performance expectancy is higher, so is the intention of using mobile learning services. It was
confirmed that the factors had significant indirect effects on the actual use by mediating the
intention of use and that the intention of use directly affected actual use. However, the current
research reported that effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitation conditions did not
have significant effects on the intention of using mobile learning services. These results will
contribute substantially to the design of effective mobile learning environments.
Readiness measurement of IT implementation in Higher Education Institutions i...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article elaborates the result of the Pilot Study which is related to IT implementation factors at the Higher Education Institution (HEI), a pilot study is used to validate quantitative readiness model of IT implementation. The main objective of this study is examining the factors that influence the readiness of IT implementation in HEI. This study attempts to analyze IT Content factors, Institutional Context, People, Process, Technology, Service Quality and IT Implementation Readiness (ITIR). The sample of data was taken from 150 HEIs throughout Indonesia which was then processed in statistical techniques through PLS-SEM method. The research finding shows that 9 of the 14 hypotheses used as ITIR model construct have a very significant influence on IT implementation on HEI, so that this finding can provide a comprehensive contribution to the literature of ITIR model development.
In this case study we identify the factors that influence the adoption of a new system in a major company in Saudi Arabia. We develop a theoretical framework to help derive better understanding of system adoption via socio-technical integration.
We formulation of 14 hypotheses that were tested via a survey of 42 system users. Management support and change management were found to be significant factors influencing system adoption. As a result, the 14 null hypotheses were rejected due to their statistical significance (p-value < 0.05). Discussions and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Similar to Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - What is available about technology acceptance of e-learning software and systems - A review and comprehension paper
The Efficacy of Technology Acceptance Model: A Review of Applicable Theoretic...QUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: This is a review of theoretical models most recently used in Information Technology adoption research. A literature review approach has been adopted. More than 25 literatures were reviewed in the area of information adoption covering the last 30 years. We identified the strengths and weaknesses of each of the theory used. It is found that Technology Acceptance Model is by far the most used to underpin research work in this area follow by Theory of planned behaviour.
A Study of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) In Understanding the Efficacy of...inventionjournals
Global usage of automated system in all fields has remarkably increased in the past decades. To understand the extensive usage of the Information system, the study is undertaken where the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used to see the extent to which an Information System (IS) is able to make any HR routine activity in the institution to be automated; whereby, the information obtained is effective and reliable. The study undertook in this article focuses on the reliability test in order to test the reliability of the scale and also the correlation test in order to find the rate of correlation between the various components of the TAM model – Perceived Usefulness (PU), Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU), Attitude towards change (ATU) and Behavioral Intention towards use (BIU). The study indicated that the null hypothesis is accepted where there is significant positive change in the Perceived Ease of Use, Attitude of the User and the Behavioral intention of the user towards using the HRIS tool in any organization. This led to understanding from the study that there is a very high rate of effectiveness in the usage of HRIS tool in any institutions using, which is proved using the TAM model.
The Role of Organizational and Individual Factors in Knowledge Management Sys...journalBEEI
The aim of this study is to investigates the how individual and organizational factors influence people behavior in using knowledge management. This research applied Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a basis theory; TAM was enriched with individual and organizational factors for this study. A survey approach was conducted for data collection. Three of institutions in Banking Sector at Indonesia were invited to join this study and 215 knowledge workers were participated for the survey. Data from survey were analyzed through Structural Equations Model (SEM) using PLS (Partial Least Square) V2. The conclusion specify that ‘‘individual elements’’ and ‘‘organizational elements’’ are the significantly affect people behavior in KMS acceptance factors that influence knowledge worker behavior in knowledge sharing. However this study not found relationship between individual and organization factors and “perceived ease of use” construct with people behavior in accept KMS.
Understanding User’s Acceptance of Personal Cloud Computing: Using the Techno...Maurice Dawson
Personal Cloud Computing (PCC) is a rapidly growing technology, addressing the market demand of individual users for access to available and reliable resources. But like other new technologies, concerns and issues have surfaced with the adoption of PCC. Users deciding whether to adopt PCC may be concerned about the ease of use, usefulness, or security risks in the cloud. Negative attitudes toward using a technology have been found to negatively impact the success of that technology. The purpose of this study was to understand users’ acceptance of PCC. The population sample consisted of individual users within the United States between 18 and 80 years of age. The theoretical framework utilized in this study was based on the technology acceptance model (TAM). A web survey was conducted to assess the measurement and understanding of patterns demonstrated by participants. Our results shows that in spite of the potential benefits of PCC, security and privacy risks are deterring many users from moving towards PCC.
Factors influencing the adoption of e learning in jordanAlexander Decker
International peer-reviewed academic journals call for papers, http://www.iiste.org/Journals
Similar to Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - What is available about technology acceptance of e-learning software and systems - A review and comprehension paper (20)
Mustafa Degerli - III. International Informatics and Software Engineering Conference - DECLARATIONS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGERS MANAGING REMOTELY: PROVISIONS FOR HYBRID WORKING
Abstract Data-drivenhealthcareistrulyvaluableandpromising.Aslongasrele- vant data are gathered, probed, used, and managed in a good fashion, significant improvements in the dependability of healthcare practices are achievable. Neverthe- less, unless privacy facets of relevant sensitive data are addressed, there are notable concerns regarding data-driven healthcare policies and applications. In general, tech- nical and engineering facets of such interventions are concentered on to a greater extent, but privacy facets are not adequately addressed. This chapter highlights and discusses privacy issues in data-driven health care. A comprehensive review and distillation of pertinent literature and works yielded relevant results and interpreta- tions. Purposefully, generic privacy issues are elaborated in the beginning. Addition- ally, areas for improvement regarding privacy issues in data-driven health care are underlined and discussed. People, policy, and technology aspects are also explained and deliberated. Moreover, how privacy is related to people and policy to ensure the success in data-driven healthcare practices is discussed in this chapter. Besides, people’s perceptions about privacy are distilled and reported. The focal impact of this chapter is to deliver a contemporary interpretation and discussion regarding privacy issues in data-driven health care. Product developers and managers, policy-makers, and pertinent researchers might benefit from this chapter in order to improve related knowledge and implementations.
Declarations of Software Engineering Project Managers Managing Remotely: Prov...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Declarations of Software Engineering Project Managers Managing Remotely: Provisions for Hybrid Working
Mustafa Degerli
Graduate School of Informatics Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey mustafa.degerli@metu.edu.tr
Abstract—Owing to the landscape of the relevant work, software engineering organizations or teams are more prone to implement and benefit from remote working or hybrid working venues. The freshest pandemic brought about farther obligations and chances for organizations to practically experience and test the mode of working remotely. Correspondingly, for a noteworthy number of organizations, the new standard of working embraces remote working applications. Taking into account this actuality, the research has been conducted to comprehend the perspectives of software engineering project managers having experiences of managing remotely. Unambiguously, semi-structured interviews with 27 project managers from different industries were principally conducted to explore and extract the relevant involvements and interpretations. Outcomes revealed that the new standard of working for software development organizations ought to be the hybrid approach. Furthermore, via analyzing the collected pertinent data, foremost affirmations of software engineering project managers have been apprehended and commented on. The conclusions of this work are to be advantageous for relevant project managers, policymakers in software development organizations, and other scholars researching the evolving dynamics of workforce management applications in software engineering organizations.
Keywords—software engineering, project management, workforce management, hybrid working, remote working
Declarations of Software Engineering Project Managers Managing Remotely: Prov...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Declarations of Software Engineering Project Managers Managing Remotely: Provisions for Hybrid Working
Dr. Mustafa Degerli
Mustafa Degerli
Graduate School of Informatics Middle East Technical University Ankara, Turkey mustafa.degerli@metu.edu.tr
Abstract—Owing to the landscape of the relevant work, software engineering organizations or teams are more prone to implement and benefit from remote working or hybrid working venues. The freshest pandemic brought about farther obligations and chances for organizations to practically experience and test the mode of working remotely. Correspondingly, for a noteworthy number of organizations, the new standard of working embraces remote working applications. Taking into account this actuality, the research has been conducted to comprehend the perspectives of software engineering project managers having experiences of managing remotely. Unambiguously, semi-structured interviews with 27 project managers from different industries were principally conducted to explore and extract the relevant involvements and interpretations. Outcomes revealed that the new standard of working for software development organizations ought to be the hybrid approach. Furthermore, via analyzing the collected pertinent data, foremost affirmations of software engineering project managers have been apprehended and commented on. The conclusions of this work are to be advantageous for relevant project managers, policymakers in software development organizations, and other scholars researching the evolving dynamics of workforce management applications in software engineering organizations.
Keywords—software engineering, project management, workforce management, hybrid working, remote working
A Comprehensive Overview and Interpretation of Risk and Uncertainty in Projec...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
A Comprehensive Overview and
Interpretation of
Risk and Uncertainty
in Project Management Body of Knowledge, 7th Ed.
Dr. Mustafa Degerli
PhD, PMP, PMI
RMP, PSM, ITIL, CMMI Associate, Lead Auditor
Agenda
•
Risk and Uncertainty
•
Risk as a Project Management Principle (Optimize Risk
•
Uncertainty as a Project Performance Domain
•
Tailoring Details
•
Models, Methods, and Artifacts
Dr. Mustafa Degerli - METU Best Ph.D. Thesis Award Winner
METU
GRADUATE SCHOOL OF INFORMATICS Certificate
Mustafa Degerli
2019-2020 Academic Year METU Best Ph.D. Thesis Award Winner in
Medical Informatics
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Versan Kök President
METU
Prof. Dr. Deniz Zeyrek Bozsahin Dean, Graduate School of Informatics, METU
Dr. Mustafa Değerli - METU Best Ph.D. Thesis Award Winner
Mobil Sağlık Uygulamalarına Genel Bir Bakış ve Özgün Bir Mobil Sağlık Uygulam...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2021). Mobil Sağlık Uygulamalarına Genel Bir Bakış ve Özgün Bir Mobil Sağlık Uygulaması Geliştirilmesi. EMO Bilimsel Dergi, 11(21), 59-69 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/emobd/issue/63506/888041
Teknoloji Transfer Ofisleri için Kritik Başarı FaktörleriDr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Tolon, M. (2016). Teknoloji Transfer Ofisleri için Kritik Başarı Faktörleri. International Journal of Informatics Technologies, 9(2), 197-220 - https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gazibtd/issue/26690/280776
Crafting a CMMI V2 Compliant Process for Governance Practice Area: An Experie...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2020). Crafting a CMMI V2 Compliant Process for Governance Practice Area: An Experiential Proposal. 14th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium (UYMS 2020). 10.1109/UYMS50627.2020.9247068 – https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/9247008/proceeding
A Mobile Health Application for Healthy Living: HWOW (Healthier Work for Offi...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2020). A Mobile Health Application for Healthy Living: HWOW (Healthier Work for Office Workers). 14th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium. (UYMS 2020). 10.1109/UYMS50627.2020.9247024 - https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/9247008/proceeding
Etkili Bir Kalite Güvence Sürecinin Parçası Olarak Proje Seviyesindeki Deneti...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2017). Etkili Bir Kalite Güvence Sürecinin Parçası Olarak Proje Seviyesindeki Denetimler: Uygulanan Pratikler ve Öğrenilen Dersler, 1980, 391-402. ISSN: 1613-0073- http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1980
Yazılım Mühendisliği ve Sistem Mühendisliği Süreçlerinin Harmanlanması: ISO/I...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2017). Yazılım Mühendisliği ve Sistem Mühendisliği Süreçlerinin Harmanlanması: ISO/IEC 12207:2008’in Getirdikleri ve Değişikliklerin Etkilerine Yönelik Değerlendirmeler. Proceedings of the 11th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium, 1980, 368-377. ISSN: 1613-0073 - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1980
Olgun Bir Süreç Yönetimi Ekibi Organizasyonu Tasarımı: Deneyimler ve ÖnerilerDr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. (2017). Olgun Bir Süreç Yönetimi Ekibi Organizasyonu Tasarımı: Deneyimler ve Öneriler. Proceedings of the 11th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium, 1980, 403-410 - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1980
Sistem Projelerinde Elektrik & Elektronik Muühendisleri ve Bilgisayar Mühendi...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Kaygan, P. (2016). Sistem Projelerinde Elektrik & Elektronik Muühendisleri ve Bilgisayar Mühendislerinin İşbirliklerinin İyileştirilmesi. Proceedings of the 10th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium, 1721, 166-178. ISSN: 1613-0073 - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1721
Mobil İşletim Sistemleri (iOS ve Android) Açısından Kullanıcı Memnuniyetini E...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Tolon, M. (2015). Mobil İşletim Sistemleri (iOS ve Android) Açısından Kullanıcı Memnuniyetini Etkileyen Faktörler. Proceedings of the 9th Turkish National Software Eng. Symp., 1483, 770-781. ISSN: 1613-0073 - http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1483
Yazılım veya Yazılım-Yoğun Sistem Mühendisliği İş Süreçleri Açısından Yüksek ...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan, S. (2013). Yazılım veya Yazılım-Yoğun Sistem Mühendisliği İş Süreçleri Açısından Yüksek Olgunluk Seviyesinde Olan veya Yüksek Olgunluk Seviyesine Ulaşmak İsteyen Organizasyonlar için Bazı Tespitler ve Öneriler. Proceedings of the 7th Turkish National Software Engineering Symposium, ISSN: 1613- 0073 - http://ceur- ws.org/Vol-1072
Savunma uygulamalarında mühendislik ve yönetim iş süreçlerinin çalışanlar tar...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan, S. (2013). Savunma uygulamalarında mühendislik ve yönetim iş süreçlerinin çalışanlar tarafından benimsenmesi için bir model. Proceedings of the 5th Defense Applications, Modelling, and Simulation Conference, 202-211. ISBN: 978-605- 88041-1-1 - https://usmos.metu.edu.tr/system/files/usmos2013_kitap.pdf
Enablers for IoT regarding Wearable Medical Devices to Support Healthy Living...Dr. Mustafa Değerli
Değerli, M. and Özkan-Yıldırım, S. (2021). Enablers for IoT regarding Wearable Medical Devices to Support Healthy Living: The Five Facets. IoT in Healthcare and Ambient Assisted Living – Springer. 10.1007/978-981-15-9897-5_10 - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-9897-5_10
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
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It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Sectors of the Indian Economy - Class 10 Study Notes pdf
Mustafa Degerli - 2010 - What is available about technology acceptance of e-learning software and systems - A review and comprehension paper
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What is available about technology acceptance of e-learning software and systems? A review and comprehension paper
Mustafa DEĞERLİ * md.mustafadegerli@gmail.com
June 11, 2010
* Graduate Student in Department of Information Systems, Informatics Institute, METU
The speedy advances in information and communication technologies (ICT) have led to their amplified exploitation in teaching and learning contexts (Cappel and Hayen, 2004). Additionally, International Data Corporation (IDC) estimates that the value of the e-learning market worth will be between $21 billion and $28 billion by 2008 (Brown, 2006). In this context, Mackay and Stockport (2006) mention that according to IDC, the revenue from synchronous e-learning exceeded $5 billion by 2006. Stemmed from these facts, applying technology by means of e-learning software and systems (e-LSS) to facilitate and support learning is an imperative and interested in application area recently.
Nevertheless, another imperative concern intended for this context is surely the technology acceptance (TA) of these e-LSS by people, especially by students and teachers. Even though there are studies conducted in this subject with respect to various contexts, there is lacking a paper that reviews and summarizes previous studies and by this way provides a comprehensive guide to let people know about the TA of e-LSS. This paper aims to compensate this lack for the interested readers wanting to know about not only the TA concepts, but also about the preceding TA of e-LSS studies.
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In this study, searches were conducted using the online databases ABI/INFORM Complete, Academic Search Complete, Cambridge Journals Online, Computers & Applied Sciences Complete, EBSCOhost Databases, Education Research Complete, Emerald Management Xtra, ERIC, IEL-IEEE/IEE Electronic Library, Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts with Full Text, and World Higher Education Database; with the keywords „„Technology Acceptance Model”, „„TAM”, „„TAM2”, „„UTAUT,”, „„Universal Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology”, “TPB”, “Theory of Planned Behavior”, “IDT”, “Innovation Diffusion Theory”, “e- learning”, “adoption”, “acceptance”, “educational software”, “e-teaching”, “online learning”, “online teaching”, and “educational computer systems”.
In this context, apparent non-e-learning and non-technology results were detached first, and after this, the abstracts of all left behind results were read. Thus, full versions of all articles that were possibly relevant were retrieved and read. For each retrieved article, a search of references that might meet inclusion criteria was conducted, and any of these relevant articles retrieved and the same procedure of analyzing was applied to these articles. As a consequence of this process, sixteen studies published in or after 2000 are included in this review.
Before reviewing and summarizing preceding studies and providing a comprehensive guide on the subject of TA of e-LSS, it is compulsory to have a look at concept of TA and underlying principles and models related with TA. As indicated by Dillon and Morris (1996), TA is the user acceptance that is defined as the demonstrable willingness of the users to employ information technology (IT) for the tasks that it is intended to support. They argue that demonstrable willingness of the users to use related
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IT must be reached for TA. Moreover, Dillon and Morris also note that every TA process of IT for intended purposes can be modeled and predicted. In fact, this is a promising statement, as they argue that thanks to TA theory it is possible to model and predict any intended ITs' TA. Additionally, in this context, Davis (1993) suggests that TA is the key factor that determines whether an information system (IS) or IT project is to be successful or not. Surely, IT or IS projects will be useless and meaningless unless they are accepted by the intended users for intended purposes.
There are models and theories trying to explain and shape the TA process and its characteristics. For example, as said by Rogers (1995), innovation diffusion theory (IDT) says that there are five characteristics of a technology that determine an IT‟s or IS‟s TA. These are relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. According to Rogers, as long as these five concerns are took seriously and managed well, related IT or IS is to be accepted by intended users for intended purposes.
Furthermore, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) of Davis, et al. (1989), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) of Ajzen (1991), Technology Acceptance Model 2 (TAM2) of Venkatesh and Davis (2000), and Universal Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) of Venkatesh, et al. (2003) are the models in the literature mostly used to design, implement and test TA of IT or IS.
Of these models, the most usually cited one is the TAM of Davis, et al. Their work not only provides major contribution to TA literature, but this model is used as a reference by other studies. TAM of Davis, et al. predicts that TA of any IT is determined by two factors. These are perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU).
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PU is defined as the extent to which users believe that using the system will enhance his or her performance regarding the intended purpose. Moreover, PEOU is defined as the extent to which the users believe that using the system will be free from effort. In accordance with TAM, both PU and PEOU have major impact on a users‟ attitude toward using the IT and determining its TA.
The illustrations of the models related with TA, TAM of Davis, et al. (1989), TPB of Ajzen (1991), TAM2 of Venkatesh and Davis (2000), and UTAUT of Venkatesh, et al. (2003), are provided below in Figures 1-4. In addition, definitions of the variables used in these figures are provided in Table 1 below.
As these TA models are crucial to understand the TA studies for TA of e-LSS, it is a good idea to examine the below figures and the table.
Figure 1: Illustration of TAM
Attitude
Behavioral Intention to Use (Acceptance)
Actual Use
Perceived Usefulness
Perceived Ease of Use
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Figure 2: Illustration of TPB
Figure 3: Illustration of TAM2
Attitude
Behavioral Intention
Behaviour
Subjective Norm
Perceived Behavioral Control
Behavioral Beliefs
Normative Beliefs
Control Beliefs
Subjective Norm
Behavioral Intention to Use (Acceptance)
Actual Use
Perceived Usefulness
Perceived Ease of Use
Image
Job Relevance
Output Quality
Results Demonstrability
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Figure 4: Illustration of UTAUT
Variable Definition Behavior Use (BU)
The action, specific or general, whose prediction is of interest Behavioral Intention (BI)
One specific behavior of interest performed by individuals with regard to some IT system Attitude (ATT)
An individual‟s evaluative judgment of the target behavior on some dimension (e.g., good/bad, harmful/beneficial, pleasant/unpleasant) Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU)
An individual‟s perception that using an IT system will be free of effort
Performance Expectancy
Behavioral Intention to Use (Acceptance)
Actual Use
Effort Expectancy
Social Influence
Facilitating Conditions
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Perceived Usefulness (PU)
An individual‟s perception that using an IT system will enhance job performance Subjective Norm (SN)
An individual‟s perception of the degree to which important other people approve or disapprove of the target Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC)
An individual‟s perception of how easy or difficult it will be to perform the target behavior (self-efficacy), of factors that impede or facilitate the behavior (facilitating conditions), or of the amount of control that one has over performing the behavior (controllability) Effort Expectancy
An individual‟s perception that using an IT system will be free of effort Performance Expectancy
An individual‟s perception that using an IT system will enhance job performance Social Influence
An individual‟s perception of the degree to which important other people approve or disapprove of the target Facilitating Conditions
An individual‟s perception of how easy or difficult it will be to perform the target behavior (self-efficacy), of factors that impede or facilitate the behavior (facilitating conditions), or of the amount of control that one has over performing the behavior (controllability)
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Image
The degree to which one perceives the use of the technology as a means of enhancing one's status within a social group Job Relevance
An individual's perception of the degree to which the technology is applicable to his or her job Output Quality
An individual's perception of how well a system performs tasks necessary to his or her job. Results Demonstrability
The tangibility of the results of using the technology Behavioral Beliefs
An individual‟s belief about consequences of particular behavior Normative Beliefs
An individual‟s perception about the particular behavior, which is influenced by the judgment of significant others Control Beliefs
An individual's beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or impede performance of the behavior
Table 1: Definitions of the Variables Used in TA Models
The first study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Martinez-Torres, et al.‟s “A technological acceptance of e-learning tools used in practical and laboratory teaching, according to the European higher education area” titled study. The objective of their study is to examine the effectiveness of TAM of web-
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based e-LSS used in practical and laboratory teaching. In the study, Martinez-Torres, et al. tried to empirically validate the research hypotheses derived from TAM, whose illustration is provided in Figure 1 above, using the responses to a survey on e-LSS usage among 220 users. The obtained results of their study strongly support the extended TAM in predicting users‟ intention to use e-LSS and define a set of external variables with a major influence in the original TAM variables. However, they found out that PEOU did not create a significant impact on users‟ attitude or intention towards e-LSS usage. Martinez-Torres, et al. integrated new factors related to human and social change processes to the initial TAM to adapt it for the study of e-LSS. These factors refer to providing students with a new channel to learn, such as providing interactivity and control, feedback, communicativeness); others refer to factors that can influence users‟ motivations to use the tool, such as enjoyment, user tools, diffusion, methodology, user adaptation. To sum up, Martinez-Torres, et al.‟s study concluded that TAM is there to use to provide TA of e-LSS with some additional extensions.
The second study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Park‟s “An Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model in Understanding University Students’ Behavioral Intention to Use e-Learning” titled study. A sample of 628 university students took part in the related research. In Park‟s study, the general structural model including e-learning self-efficacy, subjective norm, system accessibility, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and behavioral intention to use e-LSS, is developed based on the TAM. The results of the study are proved TAM to be a good theoretical tool to understand users‟ acceptance of e-LSS.
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Additionally, Park noted that e-learning self-efficacy was the most important construct, followed by subjective norm in explicating the causal process in the model.
The third study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Hsia and Tseng‟s “An enhanced technology acceptance model for e-learning systems in high-tech companies in Taiwan: analyzed by structural equation modeling” titled study. In their study, Hsia and Tseng‟s efforts aimed to integrate two constructs, perceived flexibility and computer self-efficacy, to examine the applicability of TAM in explaining employees‟ decisions to accept e-LSS. Their study is based on a sample of 233 employees from 16 high-tech companies at Hsinchu Science Park in Taiwan. The result of their study significantly supports the extended TAM in predicting employees‟ behavioral intention to use e-LSS. Additionally, results of this study showed that ee-LSS must be flexible in any time and place. That is perceived flexibility has the most significant direct and total effect on behavioral intention to use e-LSS. Moreover, Hsia and Tseng‟s study also showed that computer self-efficacy had a positive effect on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived flexibility in the context of TA of e-LSS.
The fourth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Liu, et al.‟s “Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online e- learning users’ acceptance behavior” titled study. In their study, Liu, et al. tested constructs from IS, TAM, and Human Behavior and Psychology (Flow Theory) in an integrated theoretical framework of online e-learning users‟ acceptance behavior. Their study concludes that the most media-rich presentation interface (text-audio-video based presentations) generated higher levels of PU and concentration than text-audio and
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audio-video based presentations. Additionally, they note that PU and concentration influence user intentions. Consequently, the study concludes that the TA rate of text- audio-video based presentations is high thanks to not only its PU but also owing to that it generates the highest user concentration.
The fifth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Khan and Iyer‟s “ELAM: A Model for Acceptance and Use of E-learning by Teachers and Students” titled study. In their study, Khan and Iyer propose a conceptual framework for understanding TA of e-LSS. Their model, namely e-learning acceptance model (ELAM), is based on the UTAUT of Venkatesh, et al. (2003). ELAM identifies the key factors in TA of e-LSS as measured by behavioral intention to use the technology and actual usage. The four determinants of TA of e-LSS are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Specifically, the following factors are included in facilitating conditions variable in ELAM: reliable infrastructure, institutional policies, training and support. Additionally, Khan and Iyer note that since e-learning is associated with individualization of the teaching and learning process, the learning style of the student and teaching style of the teacher is an essential factor affecting the TA process for e-LSS.
The sixth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Maldonado, at al.‟s “E-learning motivation, Students’ Acceptance/Use of Educational Portal in Developing Countries” titled study. In their study, Maldonado, at al. tried to adopt and modify UTAUT model of Venkatesh, et al. by adding a new construct of e- learning motivation and they applied it to Peruvian context for prediction of the role of e-learning motivation in TA and use. Furthermore, they found that e-learning motivation
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plays a decisive role in the adoption and use of e-LSS and they demonstrated that e- learning motivation is different from conventional learning motivation by means of adding technology characteristics (like effort expectancy) to traditional motivational construct. What is more, Maldonado, at al. examined the cyclic effect of the technology use on e-learning motivation, and they found that e-educational portal use simulates students‟ e-learning motivation. They also confirmed the importance of influence of teachers, parent and other peers in TA of e-LSS in schools in Peru context and they used region and gender as moderating variables in their study.
The seventh study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Yuen and Ma‟s “Exploring teacher acceptance of e-learning technology” titled study. In their study, Yuen and Ma attempted to explore a model to understand teachers‟ TA of e-LSS. In the related study, a self-reported questionnaire was used to examine teacher acceptance and attitude towards e-LSS. Data were collected from 152 in-service teachers who were studying in a part-time teacher education program in Hong Kong. Additionally, TAM was used as the core framework in favor of analysis while additional constructs were added in order to find a better model to understand teacher acceptance of e-learning technology. A composite model including five constructs, specifically, intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm and computer self-efficacy, were formed and tested in the study. It was found that subjective norm and computer self-efficacy serve as the two significant perception commentators of the fundamental constructs in TAM. However, contrary to previous literature, PEOU became the sole determinant to the prediction of intention to use, while perceived usefulness was non-significant to the prediction of intention to use. In my opinion, the
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reason for this is that the target is not students but teachers for the study. This seems to indicate that the perceived ease of use amongst teachers is extremely important. As well, this is just because teachers are different from students with some major respects.
The eighth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Moghadam and Bairamzadeh‟s “Extending the Technology Acceptance Model for E- learning: A Case Study of Iran” titled study. In their study, Moghadam and Bairamzadeh attempted to extend the TAM to include subjective norm, personal innovativeness in domain of information technology and self-efficacy to evaluate TA of e-LSS. Responses from 155 university students were collected to evaluate the proposed structural model. The results indicated that personal innovativeness in domain of IT has a direct effect on self-efficacy. Both personal innovativeness in domain of IT and self- efficacy have unswerving effect on perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness has a direct effect on intention of students‟ to accept an e-LSS. Additionally, the study suggested that e-LSS should include functions that add to efficiency and effectiveness of teaching and learning, and also to promote the belief of being easy to use. Furthermore, in their study, Moghadam and Bairamzadeh illustrated the role of personality traits in TA of e-LSS.
The ninth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Liu, at al.‟s “Impact of media richness and flow on e-learning technology acceptance” titled study. In their study, Liu, at al. tried to propose an integrated theoretical framework for the user‟s acceptance behaviour of web-based streaming media for e- LSS. In their related study, they tested concepts from TAM and human behaviour and psychology (flow theory) with reference to the TA of e-LSS. In addition to the TAM,
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flow theory was used to study the influence of user concentration on task activity. The related study concluded that the most media-rich presentation interface (text–audio– video presentation) always generates higher levels of PU and concentration than text– audio-based or audio–video-based presentations. This study further confirms that course materials that use rich media can promote higher user acceptance through stimulating a higher PU and concentration.
The tenth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Zayim‟s “Instructional technology adoption of medical school faculty in teaching and learning: faculty characteristics and differentiating factors in adopter categories” titled study. In her study, Zayim used a mix-method research design, a quantitative methodology (survey) in conjunction with qualitative methodology (in-depth interviews) for the purpose of gathering data about characteristics and adoption patterns of medical school faculty from 155 teaching personnel. The findings provided an evidence for similarities between adoption patterns of medical school faculty and other higher education faculty; relatively new tools associated with instruction were not adopted by majority of the faculty. In this study, additionally it is noted that some differences were found between early adopters and mainstream faculty in terms of individual characteristics, adoption patterns, perceived barriers and incentives to adoption and preferred methods of learning about technology and support.
The eleventh study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Işık‟s “Perceptions of students and teachers about the use of e - learning / sharing portal in educational activities” titled study. In his study, Işık conducted a questionnaire with 200 students of 6th and 7th grade students. In the study, he investigated the
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perceptions in terms of three aspects: effects of the use of this technology on their perceived motivation, the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use of this technology. The findings of the study indicated that the students and the teachers perceived that e-learning / sharing portal technology is a useful and they easy to use technology for targeted people. In the study, it was found out that the students and the teachers are satisfied with advantages of the use of this new technology in their learning environment. In the same way, the teachers and the students stated that using the system effected students‟ perceived motivation towards the educational activities in a positive way.
The twelfth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Özdemir‟s “The effect of educational ideologies on technology acceptance” titled study. In his study, Özdemir tried to investigate the effect of both students‟ and academics‟ educational ideologies on TA, and to find out whether there are differences in the PEOU of technology, PU of technology, attitudes toward technology, and the frequency of use of technology in education in terms of their educational ideologies. In the study, a survey design was used. The questionnaire used in the study was developed by making use of the related literature, and it was administered to 58 academic personnel and 320 students. The results of the study demonstrated that academics‟ educational ideologies affect their acceptance of technology; specifically they affect the perceived usefulness of educational technology. Furthermore, there is an effect of students‟ educational ideologies on the frequency of their use of educational technologies. Educational ideology is a factor affecting academics‟ perceptions of the usefulness of technology, and it is a factor affecting the students‟ the frequency of use of educational technology.
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The thirteenth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Tseng and Hsia‟s “The impact of internal locus of control on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in e-learning: an extension of the technology acceptance model” titled study. In their study, Tseng and Hsia are aimed to broaden the TAM to include variables related to human factor. Therefore, their mainly effort was to integrate internal locus of control (ILOC) and computer self-efficacy (CSE), to examine the applicability of the TAM in explaining employees‟ decisions about TA of e-LSS. Based on a sample of 204 employees taken from 12 high-tech companies in Taiwan, the results strongly supported the extended TAM in predicting employees‟ behavioral intention to use e- learning. It is seen that PU has the most significant direct effect on behavioral intention to use e-LSS. TAM has been extended in an e-learning context. Specifically, CSE had a positive effect on PEOU and behavioral intention to use.
The fourteenth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e- LSS is Henderson and Steward‟s “The Influence of Computer and Internet Access on E- learning Technology Acceptance” titled study. In their study, Henderson and Steward tried to investigate whether computer and Internet access influence TA of e-LSS. The related instrument was administered to 583 business students at two universities in the Southeast. Regression analysis revealed that computer and Internet access affected the degree to which students expect Blackboard and the Internet to be easy to use. Computer and Internet access also affected their attitude towards these technologies. Additional findings revealed that socioeconomic status and race influenced computer ownership, convincingly.
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The fifteenth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Roca, at al.‟s “Understanding e-learning continuance intention: An extension of the Technology Acceptance Model” titled study. In their study, Roca, at al. proposed model in which the perceived performance component is decomposed into perceived quality and perceived usability. A sample of 172 respondents took part in this study. The results suggest that users‟ continuation intention is determined by satisfaction, which in turn is jointly determined by PU, information quality, confirmation, service quality, system quality, PEOU and cognitive absorption. More importantly, this study found that the influence of perceived quality, which is information quality, service quality and system quality, on confirmation and satisfaction was strong. The empirical results of the related study showed that information quality had a strong influence on confirmation, and the effect of information quality on satisfaction was stronger than service quality and system quality on satisfaction.
The sixteenth study examined in the context of reviewing papers in TA of e-LSS is Saadé, at al.‟s “Viability of the Technology Acceptance Model in Multimedia Learning Environments: a Comparative Study” titled study. In their study, Saadé, at al. conducted a comparative study consisting of 362 students. The related study‟s results suggest that TAM is a solid theoretical model where its validity can extend to the multimedia and e- learning context. The study provides a more intensive view of the multimedia learning system (MMLS) users and is an important step towards a better understanding of the user behavior on the system and a multimedia acceptance model. The results showed that PU has a significant impact on student attitude towards using MMLS. Attitude is confirmed to play an essential role of affecting behavioral intention to use MMLS. The
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findings validate the TAM as basis for this new model and support the value of attitude toward MMLS in student acceptance.
Above, all sixteen reviewed studies‟ details provided and explained. Nonetheless, in below Table 2, studies reviewed and their details are provided, and purposely the extension variables of these studies on TAM are listed correspondingly. For a comparative and contrastive, and a general view the below table shall be referred. # Title of Study Sample Size Referenced TA Model Added / Extension Variables
1
A technological acceptance of e-learning tools used in practical and laboratory teaching, according to the European higher education area
220
TAM New channel to learn, such as providing interactivity and control, feedback, communicativeness); factors that can influence users‟ motivations to use the tool, such as enjoyment, user tools, diffusion, methodology, user adaptation.
2
An Analysis of the Technology Acceptance Model in Understanding University Students‟
628
TAM E-learning self-efficacy, subjective norm, system accessibility, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of
19. 19
Behavioral Intention to Use e-Learning use, attitude, and behavioral intention
3
An enhanced technology acceptance model for e- learning systems in high- tech companies in Taiwan: analyzed by structural equation modeling
233
TAM Perceived flexibility and computer self-efficacy
4
Applying the technology acceptance model and flow theory to online e-learning users‟ acceptance behavior
102
TAM The most media-rich presentation interface, perceived usefulness, and concentration
5
ELAM: A Model for Acceptance and Use of E- learning by Teachers and Students
NA
UTAUT Performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. Specifically, the following factors are included in facilitating conditions variable: reliable infrastructure, institutional policies, training and support.
20. 20
6
E-learning motivation, Students‟ Acceptance/Use of Educational Portal in Developing Countries
150
UTAUT E-learning motivation, influence of teachers, parent and other peers, region and gender
7
Exploring teacher acceptance of e-learning technology
152
TAM Intention to use, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm and computer self-efficacy
8
Extending the Technology Acceptance Model for E- learning: A Case Study of Iran
155
TAM subjective norm, personal innovativeness in domain of information technology and self-efficacy
9
Impact of media richness and flow on e-learning technology acceptance
NA
TAM The most media-rich presentation interface (text– audio–video presentation), user concentration, perceives usefulness
10
Instructional technology adoption of medical school faculty in teaching and learning: faculty
155
NA Individual characteristics, adoption patterns, perceived barriers and incentives to adoption and preferred
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characteristics and differentiating factors in adopter categories methods of learning about technology and support.
11
Perceptions of students and teachers about the use of e - learning / sharing portal in educational activities
200
NA Perceived motivation, the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use
12
The effect of educational ideologies on technology acceptance
378
IDT Educational ideologies
13
The impact of internal locus of control on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in e- learning: an extension of the technology acceptance model
204
TAM Integrate internal locus of control (ILOC) and computer self-efficacy (CSE)
14
The Influence of Computer and Internet Access on E- learning Technology Acceptance
583
TAM Computer and Internet access
22. 22
15
Understanding e-learning continuance intention: An extension of the Technology Acceptance Model
172
TAM Perceived usefulness, information quality, confirmation, service quality, system quality, perceived ease of use and cognitive absorption
16
Viability of the Technology Acceptance Model in Multimedia Learning Environments: a Comparative Study
362
TAM Attitude
Table 2: Studies Reviewed and Their Details
As sixteen studies reviewed above showed, it is seen that most of the extension studies referred the TAM to provide a model in order to understand, implement and test the TA of e-LSS. Moreover, it is seen that the TAM is a venerated theory of TA and it has a use that has been widely researched in IT practices, and it is an important theoretical tool for e-LSS research and studies.
Nevertheless, all these studies tried to extend the TAM or any other fundamental TA models from diverse perspectives. This is just because of the fact that it is necessary to take into consideration the intended people and intended purpose. As long as intended people and intended purpose are recognized wholly, by using the fundamental models
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and principles in relation with TA explained above, it is possible to model and generate any sort of TA process for e-LSS.
Teachers, students, academicians, designers, purchasers, and all others involved with e-LSS projects are consistently advised to take into account the fundamental TA models and TA of e-LSS studies to give support to the design or purchasing process, training and informational sessions, implementation, and other activities in these contexts. Surely, to the degree that the factors predicting TA for e-LSS are controllable, they can be salient levers meant for acceptance and use.
However, there is also a need to continue exploring new theoretically motivated variables and relationships that can be added to fundamental TA models, or extended ones. Moreover, it is necessary for researchers to conduct studies for the purpose of identifying prominent beliefs that actors in e-LSS have on the subject of using e-LSS.
In a word, this paper is written for the interested readers wanting to know about not only the TA concepts, but also about the preceding TA of e-LSS studies.
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