Mussel inspired polymers for flexible electronics applications
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Electroless plating of solid metals from a solution onto a catalytically active surface has been widely used in the printed circuit board industry for production of wiring layers and inter-layer (via) connections. More recently, this body of knowledge has been applied to producing metal interconnect films in the integrated circuit substrate (IC substrate) industry. Proper surface activation (through a catalyst) is the key to electroless plating, however there are difficulties in controlling the uniformity of the catalyst coverage. For smooth substrate surfaces, like polyimide (PI) which is used in flexible electronics applications, there is an additional challenge for the electrolessly plated metal to adhere to the surface. Although traditional methods such as plasma and desmearing processes have been used to “roughen” the surface for greater adhesion through an interlock mechanism, electroless metal deposited on a rough substrate would result in signal loss in high speed high frequency applications, such as 5G communication electronics. It is therefore desirable to develop new chemistries that can be used for planarization of the substrate to generate a smooth metal-substrate interface, but with an enhanced adhesion strength of the deposited metal, therefore eliminating the need for an interlocking rough interface. The mussel-inspired adhesive moiety, dopamine, is known to be a universal adhesive on a wide range of inorganic and organic surfaces.1 The mechanism of such strong adhesion is still under investigation; however, catechols and amines are known to induce strong interactions with substrates and self-polymerization.1 Our recent work on dopamine-functionalized polymers demonstrated that the dopamine end group stabilized ultrathin (5-10 nm) polymer films and formed conformal coatings on planar and non-planar surfaces.2 Moreover, another mussel-inspired adhesive moiety, histamine, is known to form an ionic bond with metals, which can be useful in the coordination of the ionic catalyst. Therefore, by utilizing a random copolymer of histamine and dopamine moieties with a water-soluble poly (ethylene oxide) backbone (PEO-PHis-PDopa), we can facilitate adhesion between smooth substrates and also enable the planarization of copper in electroless copper plating. When the copolymer is deposited on a substrate surface, the Dopa moiety reacts with the substrate and adheres to it, the polymer chain extends and folds to generate a smoother outer surface through minimizing the surface energy, while the histamine moiety coordinates with the ionic catalyst (Pd). Fig.1 shows a schematic where the PEO-PHis-PDopa layer plays two roles: an adhesion promoter and a surface smoother at the same time.
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Перовскіт – це мінерал переважно чорного або червонувато-коричневого кольору з оригінальною структурою кристалічної решітки.
Synthesis and-optimisation-of-ir o-2-electrocatalysts-by-adams-fusion-method-...
IrO2 as an anodic electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)
electrolysers was synthesised by adapting the Adams fusion method. Optimisation of the IrO2 electrocatalyst was achieved
by varying the synthesis duration (0.5 – 4 hours) and temperature (250 - 500°C). The physical properties of the
electrocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
x-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical characterisation of the electrocatalysts toward the OER was evaluated by
chronoamperometry (CA). CA analysis revealed the best electrocatalytic activity towards the OER for IrO2 synthesised
for 2 hours at 350oC which displayed a better electrocatalytic activity than the commercial IrO2 electrocatalyst used in this
study. XRD and TEM analyses revealed an increase in crystallinity and average particle size with increasing synthesis
duration and temperature which accounted for the decreasing electrocatalytic activity. At 250°C the formation of an active
IrO2 electrocatalyst was not favoured.
Hydrogen Production via Water-Splitting
The document summarizes research into using InGaN nanowire devices for hydrogen production via water splitting. It finds that InGaN alloys have an appropriate band structure but that nanowires are needed to accommodate lattice strain. Initial tests show some nanowire samples exhibiting photocatalytic hydrogen production from water, with production rates increasing for lower nanowire density samples and higher light intensities. Further optimization of indium composition, nanowire morphology, doping, and co-catalysts is suggested to improve the efficiency of hydrogen generation from water using InGaN nanowire devices.
2013 WCU's Poster Presentation(ModifiedII)
1) Capacitive deionization is a desalination technology that uses porous carbon electrodes to remove ions from water through an applied electric field. However, organic materials accumulating on the carbon electrodes can diminish performance over time.
2) The study investigated how humic acid fouling affects desalination performance and electrode properties of a capacitive deionization system. Results showed fouling decreased ion removal and electrode capacitance.
3) Cleaning the fouled electrodes with sodium hydroxide solution was able to recover desalination performance and increase electrode capacitance beyond that of the original virgin electrodes, with longer cleaning times providing better recovery.
Photocatalytic reduction of CO2
The threat of global warming is high due to the extensive use of fossil fuels.Using non-renewable resources is a viable solution. Sunlight can be converted in two ways - into electrical energy and into chemical energy. Water splitting and CO2 are two important methods which can be used in solar cells.
Misconceptions in Photocatalysis
This document summarizes a presentation on misconceptions in photocatalysis given at the 15th Orientation Course on Catalysis in India in 2014. It discusses several common misconceptions in photocatalysis research, such as referring to photocatalysts as catalysts when photocatalysis involves accumulating energy rather than just lowering activation energy. It also addresses misconceptions around the role of hydroxyl radicals, use of dyes as model compounds, definitions of photocatalytic activity and synergetic effects, and mechanisms of hydrogen production via water splitting. Recommended reading materials provide further details on the topics covered.
Photocatalyst Principle and Application
This document discusses photocatalysts, which are compounds that initiate or accelerate chemical reactions when activated by light. It provides examples of photocatalyst applications such as deodorization, antibacterial effects, water treatment, self-cleaning glass, water splitting to produce hydrogen, solar water disinfection, methane production from carbon monoxide, sterilization of surgical instruments, removal of fingerprints, decomposition of crude oil, and many others. The document explains that photocatalysts work by producing strong hydroxyl and oxygen radicals when activated by light that can destroy organic contaminants and convert them to harmless carbon dioxide and water.
320 s basu
The document summarizes the synthesis and characterization of a Poly(AAc-co-DMAPMA) (PADMA) hydrogel membrane for use as an ion exchange membrane in fuel cells. PADMA membrane was synthesized via free radical polymerization and characterized using SEM, TGA, compression testing, and ionic conductivity measurements. SEM showed the membrane has a nanogel structure capable of accommodating water or electrolyte. TGA found it thermally stable to 190°C. Testing indicated the membrane could function as both a proton and hydroxyl ion conductor, making it a potential low-cost alternative to Nafion membranes.
Pyridine- Pharmacy-Heterocyclic chemistry
This document discusses the properties and reactions of pyridine, a 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound. It notes that pyridine is more basic than pyrrole due to its electronegative nitrogen atom. The document explains that the bond length and stability of pyridine can be explained by its resonant structures, with the nitrogen atom causing deactivation of the aromatic ring. Several reactions of pyridine are also described, including electrophilic substitution, nucleophilic substitution, and reduction reactions. Finally, the document briefly mentions some medicinal uses of pyridine.
Synergetic treatment of waste water using different surfactants assisted nana...
In this paper we are decide to use anionic surfactant for ease of separation of dye from waste water .To overcome the inconvenient of the current precess that means of separation time is low compare to current process
Nitrogen doped graphene nanosheet supported platinum nanoparticles as high pe...
Functional carbon nanomaterials are significantly important for the development of high performance
sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors. In this study, graphene supported platinum
nanoparticles (GN–PtNPs) and nitrogen doped graphene supported platinum nanoparticles (N-GN–
PtNPs) were synthesized by a simple chemical reduction method and explored as high performance
nanocatalyst supports, as well as doped nanocatalyst supports, toward electrochemical oxidation of
homocysteine (HCY) for the first the time. Our studies demonstrate that N-doped graphene supported
PtNPs show higher electrocatalytic activity for HCY with an experimental detection limit of 200 pM.
Moreover, N-doped graphene supported Pt was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity in the
electrochemical oxidation of HCY i.e., the detection of HCY is successful in the presence of a 20-fold
excess of ascorbic acid (AA). The practical application of N-doped graphene supported PtNP materials is
effectively shown for the determination of HCY in both human blood serum and urine samples, by
differential pulse voltammetry under optimized conditions. Our findings conclude that N-doped
graphene supported PtNPs can be developed as a high performance and versatile nano-electrocatalyst
for electrochemical biosensor applications.
Sirris Smart Coating workshop - Easy-to-clean and Self cleaning Coatings - 19...
The document provides an overview of photocatalysis and photocatalytic materials. It discusses the definition and mechanism of photocatalysis using titanium dioxide as an example. It then summarizes the properties and applications of specific photocatalytic materials KRONOClean 7050 and KRONOClean 7000. The document also reviews measurement methods, standards, and organizations involved in photocatalysis research and development.
What's hot (18)
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper complex: a novel photocatalyst for C...
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper complex: a novel photocatalyst for C...
Carbon corrosion and platinum nanoparticles ripening under open circuit poten...
Carbon corrosion and platinum nanoparticles ripening under open circuit poten...
A high-capacity lithium-air battery with Pd modified carbon nanotube sponge c...
A high-capacity lithium-air battery with Pd modified carbon nanotube sponge c...
Synthesis and-optimisation-of-ir o-2-electrocatalysts-by-adams-fusion-method-...
Synthesis and-optimisation-of-ir o-2-electrocatalysts-by-adams-fusion-method-...
Synergetic treatment of waste water using different surfactants assisted nana...
Synergetic treatment of waste water using different surfactants assisted nana...
Nitrogen doped graphene nanosheet supported platinum nanoparticles as high pe...
Nitrogen doped graphene nanosheet supported platinum nanoparticles as high pe...
Sirris Smart Coating workshop - Easy-to-clean and Self cleaning Coatings - 19...
Sirris Smart Coating workshop - Easy-to-clean and Self cleaning Coatings - 19...
Similar to Mussel inspired polymers for flexible electronics applications
Highly active pd and pd–au nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene...
Highly active Pd and Pd–Au nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene nanoplatelets for enhanced formic acid oxidation
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported Pd–Ni nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical reduction
with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Pd–Ni/CNF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical
voltammetry analysis. TEM showed that the Pd–Ni particles were quite uniformly distributed on the
surface of the carbon nanofiber with an average particle size of 4.0 nm. The electro-catalytic activity of
the Pd–Ni/CNF for oxidation of ethanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The onset potential
was 200mV lower and the peak current density four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd–Ni/CNF
compared to that for Pd/C. The effect of an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 ◦C had a great effect on
increasing the ethanol oxidation activity.
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd ni catalysts for electro-oxidati...
This document summarizes a study on carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported Pd-Ni catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol in alkaline medium. Pd-Ni/CNF catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction and characterized using various techniques. Electrochemical analysis showed the Pd-Ni/CNF catalyst had lower onset potential and 4 times higher peak current density for ethanol oxidation compared to Pd/C. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 60°C greatly enhanced the ethanol oxidation activity of Pd-Ni/CNF.
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported Pd–Ni nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical reduction
with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Pd–Ni/CNF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical
voltammetry analysis. TEM showed that the Pd–Ni particles were quite uniformly distributed on the
surface of the carbon nanofiber with an average particle size of 4.0 nm. The electro-catalytic activity of
the Pd–Ni/CNF for oxidation of ethanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The onset potential
was 200mV lower and the peak current density four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd–Ni/CNF
compared to that for Pd/C. The effect of an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 ◦C had a great effect on
increasing the ethanol oxidation activity.
C05521422
This document describes a study on using different forms of polyaniline (PANI) - Emeraldine Base PANI (EB-PANI), Emeraldine Salt PANI (ES-PANI), and Leuco Emeraldine Base PANI (LEB-PANI) - as sensing materials for detecting dissolved oxygen levels in solutions. The PANI forms were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and their oxygen sensitivity was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammetry measurements showed variations in current corresponding to different oxygen concentrations, indicating the potential of using PANI-coated electrodes as dissolved oxygen sensors. In particular, results showed LEB-PANI may be suitable for detecting low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in
The new leaed (ii) ion selective electrode on free plasticizer film of pthfa ...
This document describes the development of a lead ion-selective electrode (Pb2+-ISE) sensor based on a poly-tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate (pTHFA) membrane without plasticizers using photo-polymerization. The sensor demonstrated a linear range of 0.1-10-5 M, Nernstian slope of 26.5-29.8 mV/decade, limit of detection of 3.24-3.98 x 10-6 M, and good selectivity against interfering ions. Sensor characterization showed comparable results to measurements using atomic absorption spectroscopy on artificial and real samples. Optimization of the lipophilic salt potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate and lead ionophore
Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of poly (o-phenylenediamine)...
Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of poly (o-phenylenediamine) nanotubes by template method
Lab F
The document provides an overview of phthalocyanine metal cation complexes, including their history, applications, synthesis, and analysis methods. Phthalocyanines are stable planar molecules formed by reacting phthalanonitrile with metals at high temperatures. They were accidentally discovered in 1907 and further developed in the 1920s-1930s. Common applications include blue and green pigments, CD-R dyes, electrochemical uses, and as catalysts. Synthesis involves refluxing phthalonitrile with various metal salts. Characterization techniques like IR, UV-Vis, and EPR spectroscopy are used to analyze the products.
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...
The present work deals with the formation, morphology and photophysical activity of the 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver nanoparticles via chemical reduction method. The method utilizes a simple chemical reaction of silver idodide and sodium borohydride. The advantages of this method are ease of preparation, convenience in use and especially, that the obtained silver nano particles are uniform in their shapes and sizes. This is important for fluorescence & bio-evolution measurements. Furthermore, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is employed to monitor the formation process of the nano particles and to determine the optimum conditions for the preparation of stable and highly fluorescence-active silver colloids. Specifically, we observed changes in the shapes of the silver nano particles during the formation. This may be helpful in understanding the growth of the nano particles and creates a new dimension in controlling the shapes of the nano particles.SEM, TEM and XRD studies are carried out. The suitability of ACA capped Ag-NPs as Biomarkers is also Tested by Fluorescence study.
Alkali P-Nitrophenolates for Short Wavelength Laser Generation
Single crystals of alkali p-Nitrophenolates namely sodium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate (SPNP), potassium p- nitrophenolate
monohydrate (PPNP) and lithium p-nitrophenolate trihydrate (LPNP) using Group I elements (Na, K, Li) and p-nitrophenols were grown
by solvent evaporation method. Single crystal XRD analysis shows that SPNP and LPNP crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group
while PPNP is centrosymmetric. Using Autox software, all the peaks in the recorded powder XRD spectrum of the samples were identified
and indexed. The FT – IR spectra of the sample reveals the characteristic vibrations of the functional groups present in alkalinitrophenolates.
A weak absorption band around the region 1589–1641 cm-1 confirms the presence of the phenolic ring. A broad
intermolecular hydrogen bonded OH stretching at 3325 cm-1 of p- nitrophenol is shifted which shows the increase in the polarizable nature
of p–nitrophenol and thus easily forms a metal (sodium/ potassium/ lithium) coordination compound. UV-Vis spectrum shows that all the
crystals are transparent above 400 nm and has a wide optical window in the visible region. Intense absorption peak in the UV region may
be due to the colored nature of the compound. Addition of metal ion (sodium/potassium) modifies the optical transparency of the original
molecule (p-nitro phenol) and consequently introduces a bath chromic shift of 90/40 nm in the crystal transparency of the samples. Kurtz
powder technique result shows that the relative SHG efficiency of SPNP and LPNP was nearly 5 and 9.25 times of KDP.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
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yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Research efforts direct ethanol fuel cell defc
The document summarizes research on developing palladium-tin alloy catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline fuel cells. Key findings include:
1) Pd-Sn/C catalysts synthesized using a polyol method showed twice the peak current densities of Pd/C catalysts for ethanol oxidation.
2) The Sn content was found to enhance the charge transfer rate during ethanol oxidation reactions.
3) Ethanol was found to partially oxidize on the Pd-Sn catalysts, forming acetic acid. Future work will focus on facilitating complete ethanol oxidation through DFT calculations and improving synthesis methods.
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
It is a bio sensor based presentation, this presentation done by Alagu devi dpt of Bioelectronics and Biosensors at Alagappa University
Three dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-8) as highly efficient...
This document describes a study comparing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on two types of three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) as electrocatalysts for formic acid oxidation. The Pd/CMK-8 catalysts were synthesized using sodium borohydride reduction and characterized using techniques such as TEM, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that Pd/CMK-8 with larger pores had the highest mass specific activity of 486.4 mA/mg Pd, exceeding the activities of commercial Pd/C and other recently reported Pd catalysts. Chronoamperometry testing also demonstrated this P
Single atom catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction.pptx
Single atom catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction.pptxHelmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
Debabrata Bagchi presented a literature presentation on single atom alloy catalysts for electrochemical CO2 reduction. The presentation discussed techniques for synthesizing and characterizing single atom alloys, their use as electrocatalysts, and studies showing copper-lead and bismuth-copper single atom alloys can selectively reduce CO2 to formic acid. DFT modeling suggested the single atom alloys reduce the free energy of CO2 hydrogenation intermediates relative to pure copper catalysts.graduate work
This dissertation defense summarizes Yongjia Li's doctoral research on the design of nanostructured catalyst materials. The defense included three parts: (1) using graphene as a catalyst support for hemin, which showed activity for toluene oxidation; (2) developing bimetallic nanocatalysts including Au-Pd porous structures for alcohol oxidation and Au-Cu nanostars for CO2 reduction; and (3) a plasmonic photocatalyst using Au/Pd-TiO2 nanocomposites for tandem benzimidazole synthesis. The research demonstrated how nanostructuring and composition influences catalytic activity, selectivity, and photon absorption efficiency.
ECS Canada Spring Symposium 2018
Images and data in the presentation are subject to copyright. Please contact redhwanm(at)mcmaster(dot)ca for permission if you want to use any of its contents.
Electrodeposited Ru Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
This document summarizes research on the electrodeposition of ruthenium nanoparticles on glassy carbon substrates for electrocatalytic reduction of NAD+. Scanning electron microscopy showed that deposition potential influences nanoparticle size and density, with more negative potentials producing smaller, more densely packed nanoparticles. Electrodes with higher nanoparticle density showed lower overpotentials for hydrogen evolution and catalytic activity for NAD+ reduction. The most negative deposition potential produced a ruthenium film with distinct electrochemical behavior, showing high activity for hydrogen evolution. Overall, controlling deposition potential allows tuning of ruthenium nanoparticle morphology for electrocatalytic applications.
Electrodeposited nanostructured a-Fe2O3 thin films for solar water splitting:...
This document describes a study on the effects of platinum (Pt) doping on the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured alpha-iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) thin films deposited via electrodeposition. Un-doped and Pt-doped α-Fe2O3 thin films were characterized using various techniques. The results showed that Pt doping increased the density of small nanoparticles in the films and enhanced the photocurrent density for water splitting by up to a factor of 1.4 compared to un-doped films. The highest photocurrent density of 0.56 mA/cm2 was achieved for a 3% Pt-doped film. Electrochemical impedance analysis also revealed that Pt d
dynamicchemistryatthecatalyticinterface-190304061810.pdf
The document discusses catalytic interfaces and techniques for probing their dynamics. It defines catalytic interfaces as boundaries between different phases, such as solid-gas or solid-liquid, where catalysis occurs. Dynamic processes at these interfaces include surface restructuring, oxidation/reduction, and atom migration. In situ techniques like environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM) and high pressure scanning tunneling microscopy allow observing these interface dynamics under reaction conditions. ETEM studies have visualized phenomena like carbon nanofiber growth, nanoparticle sintering, and surface reconstructions during catalysis. These techniques provide insights into catalyst deactivation mechanisms and ways to improve activity.
Similar to Mussel inspired polymers for flexible electronics applications (20)
Highly active pd and pd–au nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene...
Highly active pd and pd–au nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd ni catalysts for electro-oxidati...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd ni catalysts for electro-oxidati...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...
The new leaed (ii) ion selective electrode on free plasticizer film of pthfa ...
The new leaed (ii) ion selective electrode on free plasticizer film of pthfa ...
Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of poly (o-phenylenediamine)...
Electrochemical fabrication and characterization of poly (o-phenylenediamine)...
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...
Synthesis of 2-aminocyclopent-1-ene-1-carbodithioic acid (ACA) Capped Silver ...
Alkali P-Nitrophenolates for Short Wavelength Laser Generation
Alkali P-Nitrophenolates for Short Wavelength Laser Generation
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
Synthesis of zn o nanoparticles and electrodeposition of polypyrrolezno nanoc...
Three dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-8) as highly efficient...
Three dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-8) as highly efficient...
Single atom catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction.pptx
Single atom catalyst for CO2 Electroreduction.pptx
Electrodeposited Ru Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
Electrodeposited Ru Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of NAD+ to NADH
Electrodeposited nanostructured a-Fe2O3 thin films for solar water splitting:...
Electrodeposited nanostructured a-Fe2O3 thin films for solar water splitting:...
dynamicchemistryatthecatalyticinterface-190304061810.pdf
dynamicchemistryatthecatalyticinterface-190304061810.pdf
More from Eleni 'Hellen' Papananou
Dynamics of Poly(ethylene oxide) in the bulk and in close proximity to silica...
Dynamics of Poly(ethylene oxide) in the bulk and in close proximity to silica...Eleni 'Hellen' Papananou
The behavior of polymers when they are restricted in space can be very different from that in the bulk especially when the molecules are confined to dimensions comparable to their sizes. The dynamics of polymer chains under confinement and its difference from the respective of the bulk has attracted the scientific interest because it greatly affects many of the material macroscopic properties. Besides planar polymer films, other experimental geometries have been utilized to study the effect of confinement on the various polymer relaxation processes such as: polymer / nanoparticle, polymer / nanorods and polymer / layered silicate nanocomposites to name a few.
In the past, we have systematically pursued the understanding of the parameters that influence the structure and dynamics under confinement in intercalated PEO / layered silicate nanocomposites. The confined polymer chains remain purely amorphous; crystallinity is observed only for hybrids with high polymer content and shows an abrupt drop to zero at a certain composition. The study of dynamics in confinement in comparison to the respective in the bulk utilizing dielectric relaxation spectroscopy showed an acceleration of the PEO segmental dynamics that display an Arrhenius temperature dependence with very low activation energy, whereas the local β-process remains unaffected.
Using nanoparticles to restrict the polymer can provide the advantage of altering the polymer confinement by changing the nanoparticle size and loading. Thus, in this work, we utilize PEO / SiO2 nanohybrids to control the thickness of the confined polymer film. DSC measurements showed decreasing crystallinity with the amount of additive whereas in hybrids with polymer content lower than 50wt%, a second crystallization and melting appears, indicating that the polymer crystallizes differently, when forced to crystallize near the silica surface.
The PEO dynamics is studied utilizing dielectric spectroscopy for hybrids with different composition to investigate the effect of the chain proximity to the surface on dynamics. The results are compared to the respective results on PEO / clay nanocomposites and the effect of the geometry of the filler on the behavior will be explored, as well.
Effect of inorganic fillers on Poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization and dynamics
Effect of inorganic fillers on Poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization and dynamicsEleni 'Hellen' Papananou
Polymer morphology, crystallization and chain conformation are investigated in hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)/SiO2 nanocomposites. PEO was able to crystallize in all cases; nevertheless differences were observed for high silica content hybrids. The crystallization process as well as the conformation of the chains close to the inorganic surfaces exhibit different characteristics than that of the neat polymer melt. The effect of the proximity to the silica surfaces on polymer dynamics is investigated as well.Effect of inorganic fillers on Poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization and dynamics
Effect of inorganic fillers on Poly(ethylene oxide) crystallization and dynamicsEleni 'Hellen' Papananou
It is well known that the behaviour of polymers when they are restricted in space or when they are close to surfaces can be very different from that in the bulk. In this work, we investigate the morphology, crystallization and dynamics of a hydrophilic, semi-crystalline polymer, poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, when mixed with silica, SiO2, nanoparticles in a broad range of compositions. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles was verified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), whereas the morphology and crystallization behaviour of the hybrids were investigated with, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). All techniques show a gradual decrease of polymer crystallinity with increasing the amount of nanoparticles; nevertheless, polymer crystallization is observed for all silica loadings. Moreover, DSC measurements showed the existence of two melting and crystallization transitions in hybrids with polymer content lower than 50wt%, indicating that the polymer crystallizes differently than the bulk near the silica surfacePEO crystallization and chain conformation close to SiO2 surfaces
Addition of nanosized inorganic materials in a polymeric matrix results to nanohybrids with optimized properties with respect to the initial components. On the other hand, the behaviour of polymers when they are restricted in space or when they are close to surfaces can be very different from that in the bulk. In this work, we investigate the morphology, crystallization and dynamics of a hydrophilic, semi-crystalline polymer, poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, when mixed with silica, SiO2, nanoparticles in a broad range of compositions. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles was verified by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), whereas the morphology and crystallization behaviour of the hybrids were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). All techniques show a gradual decrease of polymer crystallinity with increasing the amount of nanoparticles; nevertheless, polymer crystallization is observed for all silica loadings. Moreover, DSC measurements showed the existence of two melting and crystallization transitions in hybrids with polymer content lower than 50wt%, indicating that the polymer crystallizes differently than the bulk near the silica surface.
Poly(ethylene oxide) / SiO2 Nanocomposites
Polymer morphology, crystallization and chain conformation are investigated in hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide)/SiO2 nanocomposites. The nanohybrids were synthesized in a broad range of compositions in water followed by the slow evaporation of the solvent. The poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, has a molecular weight, Mw=100.000, and melting and glass transition temperatures, Tm = 65°C, Tg = -67°C, respectively. Silica nanoparticles of different sizes as well as mixtures of SiO2 were utilized. Both the size of all nanoparticles and their dispersion in the polymer matrix were investigated with Dynamic Light Scattering, DLS, and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Figure 1 shows DLS measurements of the particles in water dispersion that results in a hydrodynamic radius RH=6nm. This value is in accordance with the size obtained by TEM, found to be R=8nm.
Tuning the crystallinity of Poly(ethylene oxide) in PEO-SiO2 nanocomposites
Addition of nanosized inorganic materials in a polymeric matrix results to nanohybrids with optimized properties with respect to the initial components. On the other hand, the behavior of polymers when they are restricted in space or when they are close to surfaces can be very different from that in the bulk.
In this work, we modify the crystallinity of nanohybrids composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and two kinds of silica nanoparticles of different sizes in an attempt to bridge the case of severely confined polymers within the galleries of layered silicates with that of Polymer/single-nanoparticle hybrids. The two kinds of nanoparticles vary by an order of magnitude in radius as verified by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Hybrids with different ratio between the two silica nanoparticles were prepared in order to achieve the highest confinement. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles was verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), whereas the morphology and crystallization behavior of the hybrids were investigated with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarised Optical Microscopy (POM). Polymer crystallinity in single nanoparticle hybrids decrease with increasing silica content whereas the behaviour in the three component systems is found indeed intermediate between the cases of PEO/Na+-MMT and PEO/SiO2 and can be tuned by varying the ratio of the large vs small nanoparticles.
Structural and Conformational Properties of Poly-(ethylene oxide)/Silica Nano...
Structural and Conformational Properties of Poly-(ethylene oxide)/Silica Nano...Eleni 'Hellen' Papananou
The goal of the present work is to study hybrid poly(ethylene oxide), PEO, silica nanoparticle systems. The effect of the Silica nanoparticle on the structural and conformational properties of PEO is highlighted through both experiments and simulations. The effect of the polymer molecular weight and the confinement are also addressed.Tuning the crystallinity of Poly(ethylene oxide) in PEO-SiO2 nanocomposites
Tuning the crystallinity of Poly(ethylene oxide) in PEO-SiO2 nanocomposites Eleni 'Hellen' Papananou
This document summarizes research on how adding inorganic nanoparticles affects the structure, morphology, and crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The researchers investigated PEO mixed with montmorillonite clay nanoparticles (Na+-MMT), silica nanoparticles of different sizes, and their combinations using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. They found that smaller silica nanoparticles induced more confinement, causing double melting peaks and preventing crystallization at high loadings. Larger nanoparticles and clay induced less severe confinement, allowing crystallization but changing the behavior. By using mixtures of nanoparticle sizes, they could reach lower polymer contents and tune the crystallinity more effectively than single nanoparticles alone.PEO-SiO2 nanocomposites: Tuning of crystallinity
Addition of nanosized inorganic materials in a polymeric matrix results to nanohybrids with optimized properties with respect to the initial components. On the other hand, the behavior of polymers when they are restricted in space or when they are close to surfaces can be very different from that in the bulk.
In this work, we attempt to modify the crystallinity of poly(ethylene oxide) / silica, PEO/SiO2, nanohybrids utilizing two kinds of silica nanoparticles with different sizes in an attempt to bridge the case of severely confined polymers within the galleries of layered silicates with that of polymer/single-nanoparticle hybrids. The two kinds of nanoparticles vary by an order of magnitude in radius as verified by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Hybrids with different ratio between the two silica nanoparticles were prepared in order to achieve the highest confinement. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles was verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), (Figure 1) whereas the morphology and crystallization behavior of the hybrids were investigated with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM). Polymer crystallinity in single nanoparticle hybrids decrease with increasing silica content whereas the behavior in the three component systems is found indeed intermediate between the cases of PEO/Na+-MMT and PEO/SiO2 and can be tuned by varying the ratio of the large vs small nanoparticles.
Polymer Structure and Dynamics under confinement.
Papananou PhD thesis presentantion
Addition of nanosized inorganic materials in a polymeric matrix results to nanohybrids with optimized properties with respect to the initial components. On the other hand, the behavior of polymers when they are restricted in space or when they are close to surfaces can be very different from that in the bulk.
In this work, we modify the crystallinity of nanohybrids composed of poly(ethylene oxide) and two kinds of silica nanoparticles of different sizes in an attempt to bridge the case of severely confined polymers within the galleries of layered silicates with that of Polymer/single-nanoparticle hybrids. The two kinds of nanoparticles vary by an order of magnitude in radius as verified by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Hybrids with different ratio between the two silica nanoparticles were prepared in order to achieve the highest confinement. The good dispersion of the nanoparticles was verified by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), whereas the morphology and crystallization behavior of the hybrids were investigated with X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Polarised Optical Microscopy (POM). Polymer crystallinity in single nanoparticle hybrids decrease with increasing silica content whereas the behaviour in the three component systems is found indeed intermediate between the cases of PEO/Na+-MMT and PEO/SiO2 and can be tuned by varying the ratio of the large vs small nanoparticles.
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Mussel inspired polymers for flexible electronics applications
- 1. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group MUSSEL INSPIRED POLYMERS FOR FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS APPLICATIONS Hellen Papananou,1 Reika Katsumata,1 Rubayn Goh1, Feng Liu2, Mingqi Li2, Peter Trefonas2, Rachel Segalman1,3 1 Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A 2 DuPont Specialty Products Division–Electronics & Imaging, Marlborough, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, U.S.A
- 2. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Vias, holes, connections and contacts: Cu 2 Deposition achieved through an auto catalytic reaction via a reducing agent Electrolysis which uses direct electric current to dissolve a copper rod and transport the copper ions to the substrate Conventional Circuit Board
- 3. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group No adhesion between Cu and substrate Substrate: Polyimide (PI) Copper Substrate Electroless Copper Substrate Adhesive Non-conductive Electroless plating Electroless Copper Substrate Adhesive Electrolytic Copper 3
- 4. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Additional requirements from application perspective 1. Cost effective 2. Process should be no longer than several min 3. Moderate temperatures: from R.T. to 50 °C 4. Water-based system 4
- 5. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Adhesive moieties: inspiration 5 Dopamine Histamine Catechol Imidazole Single-molecule mechanics of mussel adhesion Haeshin Lee, Norbert F. Scherer, and Phillip B. Messersmith PNAS, 2006 103 (35) 12999-13003
- 6. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 6 POLYMER PEO-stat-AGE Poly(ethylene oxide)-allyl glycidyl ether Mw=20.000 AGE%~5% PEO-HISTA Water soluble Tailorability Thiol-ene reaction +
- 7. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 7 POLYMER PEO-stat-AGE Poly(ethylene oxide)-allyl glycidyl ether Thiol-ene reaction Mw=20.000 AGE%~5% PEO-DOPA Water soluble Tailorability
- 8. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Copper plating process Rinse 1 min Microetch H2SO4/ Na2SO4 aq. R.T. 1.5 min Pre-dip HNO3 aq. R.T. 0.5 min Rinse 2 min Rinse 1 min Reducer DMAB/ B(OH)3 aq. 32 °C 1 min Pre- treatment of substrates This studyConventional process “Control” Cationic polymer PIPI – + + + + ++ – – – Polymer PI PI OHOH NH 8 UVO treatment R.T. 5 min PI PI OHOH OH Ionic catalyst CP 6530 40 °C 1 min Polymer PI Pd Pd2+ Pd2+ Polymer PI Copper Pd Rinse 2 min N2 dryRinse 1 min Plating CP 6550 43 °C 6 min
- 9. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Goal 1. Achieve smooth surface of copper 2. Enhance adhesion between PI and copper and understand the mechanism of adhesion promotion and planarization 9
- 10. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Cu Plating with PEO-Hista 10 PH=3 PH=5.5 PH=6.5 PH=8
- 11. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Cu Plating with PEO-Dopa 11 PH=3 PH=5.5 PH=8 PH=9
- 12. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Smooth surface DOW CONTROL PEO-HISTA PEO-DOPA RMS=16nm RMS=9nm RMS=7.5nm 12
- 13. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Goal 1. Achieve smooth surface of copper 2. Enhance adhesion between PI and copper and understand the mechanism of adhesion promotion and planarization Goal Achieve smooth surface of copper 2. Enhance adhesion between PI and copper and Understand the mechanism of adhesion promotion and planarization 13
- 14. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Scotch tape test 14 Adhesion on Passed/times Failed/times CONTROL 10 0 PEO-HISTA 5 0 PEO-DOPA 4 1
- 15. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Step-by-step study of roughness (AFM) 15 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 As received Plasma Polymer Microetch Catalyst Cu RMSroughness2µm×2µm (nm) Control PEO-HISTA PEO-DOPA PIPI PEO-PDOPA PI PEO-PDOPA PI Pd PEO-PDOPA PI Copper Pd PEO-PDOPA PI
- 16. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 16 XPS STUDY N1s Cu2p Focusofthepeak Pd3d C1s O1s PEO-PDOPAPEO-PDOPA Plasma Treatment Polymer Micro etch Pre-dip Ionic catalyst Reducer Plating PI PI PI PI PEO-PDOPA PI Pd PEO-PDOPA PI Copper Pd PEO-PDOPA PI Pd PEO-PDOPA PI Kapton As received
- 17. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 17 Dupont recipe P(EO-His) pH = 3 Pretreatment C1s O O O m n S HN O NH N P(EO-Dopa) pH = 3 ? 285.0 C-C, C-H 286.5 C-O-C, C-OH 288.0 C=O
- 18. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 18 Dupont recipe P(EO-His) pH = 3 Pretreatment N1s O O O m n S HN O NH N P(EO-Dopa) pH = 3 ? 399.0 N-H 400.7 ?
- 19. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 19 Dupont recipe P(EO-His) pH = 3 Pd3d O O O m n S HN O NH N P(EO-Dopa) pH = 3 ?
- 20. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 20 Dupont recipe P(EO-His) pH = 3 Cu2p O O O m n S HN O NH N P(EO-Dopa) pH = 3 ?
- 21. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Which interface is failing? 21 PEO-HISTA PI PI OHOH NH PEO-HISTA PI Pd Pd2+ Pd2+ PEO-DOPA PI PI OHOH NH PEO-DOPA PI Pd Pd2+ Pd2+ ?
- 22. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Future: PEO-stat-HISTA-stat-DOPA 22 Good adhesion to the substrate Better quality of plated copper Mw of PEO % AGE
- 23. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group Conclusions 23 Both polymers successfully acted as an adhesive during electroless plating We were able to synthesize water soluble polymers with mussel inspired moieties One of our polymers exhibits the same adhesion strength as control Both polymers had better quality of plated copper than control
- 24. Eleni Papananou EPF CONFERENCE 19_06_11Segalman Group 24 Acknowledgements • Patent application has been filed. • Team • Dr. Feng Liu (DuPont) • Dr. Mingqi Li (DuPont) • Dr. Peter Trefonas (DuPont) • Prof. Reika Katsumata • Prof. Rachel A. Segalman • Special thanks to… • Dr. Segolene Antoine • Rubayn Goh • Nicole Michenfelder-Schauser