Three dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-8) as highly efficient...suresh800
This document describes a study comparing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on two types of three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) as electrocatalysts for formic acid oxidation. The Pd/CMK-8 catalysts were synthesized using sodium borohydride reduction and characterized using techniques such as TEM, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that Pd/CMK-8 with larger pores had the highest mass specific activity of 486.4 mA/mg Pd, exceeding the activities of commercial Pd/C and other recently reported Pd catalysts. Chronoamperometry testing also demonstrated this P
Final Report (Graphene supported platinum nanoparticles) (1)Sridharan Thirumalai
This document is a student project report on platinum-graphene nanocomposites as electrocatalysts in PEM fuel cells. It was submitted by T.V. Sridharan to Professor Manoj Neergat at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay under his supervision. The report describes the synthesis of Pt/rGO nanocomposites using a modified polyol method, and their physical and electrochemical characterization. TEM analysis showed the successful deposition of platinum nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets. Electrochemical experiments found the Pt/rGO composite had a higher effective surface area than Pt/C, but similar activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Further research is needed to fully realize graphene's potential as
This document summarizes the chemical synthesis of 2-amino-4-heteroarylpyrimidines and related compounds for use as JNK1 inhibitors. Key steps include:
1) Microwave-induced SNAr reactions of primary amines with 2-methylsulfonylpyrimidines or 2-chloropyrimidines to access initial targets.
2) Elaboration of pendant piperidine functionality using silica-bound reagents in microwave reductive amination and amide bond formation.
3) Exploration of variations to the core pyrimidine scaffold and piperidine substitutions using efficient parallel synthesis methods.
Maiyalagan,Electrochemical oxidation of methanol on pt v2 o5–c composite cata...kutty79
Platinum nanoparticles have been supported on V2O5–C composite through the reduction of chloroplatinic
acid with formaldehyde. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron
microscopy. Catalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of methanol were studied by using
cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Pt/V2O5–C composite anode catalyst on glassy carbon electrode
show higher electro-catalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol. High electro-catalytic activities
and good stabilities could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and V2O5, avoiding the electrodes
being poisoned.
Nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes as supports for pt – alternate anodes fo...kutty79
This document summarizes research on using nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes as supports for platinum nanoparticles as an alternative anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Key points:
1. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an alumina membrane template and pyrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer.
2. Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles around 3nm in size were uniformly deposited on the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrochemical testing found the platinum catalyst supported on nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes had over 10 times higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared to a commercial platinum on carbon catalyst.
The document summarizes a study that used a palladium catalyst to synthesize benzofuran through a Sonogashira coupling reaction between 5-iodovanillin and 3-methyl-3-butyne-2-ol. The reaction was carried out using various amounts of palladium acetate, triphenylphosphine, and solvent. NMR spectroscopy showed the product formed, though it was impure likely due to side reactions promoted by the copper co-catalyst. While the reaction showed good atom economy, the yields were relatively low at 7.45% maximum. Further optimization is needed to improve purity and yields.
Hydrodeoxygenation-supported metal catalyst-lignin-aromatic monomers- A.K.Dee...Deepa A K
Pd, Pt, and Ru catalysts supported on various supports were evaluated for hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds. Pd/SiO2-Al2O3 showed the highest activity for guaiacol HDO, achieving 99% conversion to cyclohexane within 6 hours. Pt and Ru catalysts gave similar results. The acidic SiO2-Al2O3 support promoted cleavage of the C-O bond, while neutral carbon and basic hydrotalcite supports favored ring hydrogenation over full deoxygenation. Combining metals with strongly acidic supports maximized HDO. The catalysts could be recycled with no loss of activity. HDO of phenolic mixtures mimicking lignin
Removal of Coke during Steam Reforming of Ethanol over La-CoOx Catalystinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Three dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (cmk-8) as highly efficient...suresh800
This document describes a study comparing palladium (Pd) nanoparticles supported on two types of three-dimensional cubic ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-8) as electrocatalysts for formic acid oxidation. The Pd/CMK-8 catalysts were synthesized using sodium borohydride reduction and characterized using techniques such as TEM, XRD, and cyclic voltammetry. Cyclic voltammetry results showed that Pd/CMK-8 with larger pores had the highest mass specific activity of 486.4 mA/mg Pd, exceeding the activities of commercial Pd/C and other recently reported Pd catalysts. Chronoamperometry testing also demonstrated this P
Final Report (Graphene supported platinum nanoparticles) (1)Sridharan Thirumalai
This document is a student project report on platinum-graphene nanocomposites as electrocatalysts in PEM fuel cells. It was submitted by T.V. Sridharan to Professor Manoj Neergat at the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay under his supervision. The report describes the synthesis of Pt/rGO nanocomposites using a modified polyol method, and their physical and electrochemical characterization. TEM analysis showed the successful deposition of platinum nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets. Electrochemical experiments found the Pt/rGO composite had a higher effective surface area than Pt/C, but similar activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Further research is needed to fully realize graphene's potential as
This document summarizes the chemical synthesis of 2-amino-4-heteroarylpyrimidines and related compounds for use as JNK1 inhibitors. Key steps include:
1) Microwave-induced SNAr reactions of primary amines with 2-methylsulfonylpyrimidines or 2-chloropyrimidines to access initial targets.
2) Elaboration of pendant piperidine functionality using silica-bound reagents in microwave reductive amination and amide bond formation.
3) Exploration of variations to the core pyrimidine scaffold and piperidine substitutions using efficient parallel synthesis methods.
Maiyalagan,Electrochemical oxidation of methanol on pt v2 o5–c composite cata...kutty79
Platinum nanoparticles have been supported on V2O5–C composite through the reduction of chloroplatinic
acid with formaldehyde. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron
microscopy. Catalytic activity and stability for the oxidation of methanol were studied by using
cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Pt/V2O5–C composite anode catalyst on glassy carbon electrode
show higher electro-catalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol. High electro-catalytic activities
and good stabilities could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Pt and V2O5, avoiding the electrodes
being poisoned.
Nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes as supports for pt – alternate anodes fo...kutty79
This document summarizes research on using nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes as supports for platinum nanoparticles as an alternative anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Key points:
1. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an alumina membrane template and pyrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer.
2. Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles around 3nm in size were uniformly deposited on the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrochemical testing found the platinum catalyst supported on nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes had over 10 times higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared to a commercial platinum on carbon catalyst.
The document summarizes a study that used a palladium catalyst to synthesize benzofuran through a Sonogashira coupling reaction between 5-iodovanillin and 3-methyl-3-butyne-2-ol. The reaction was carried out using various amounts of palladium acetate, triphenylphosphine, and solvent. NMR spectroscopy showed the product formed, though it was impure likely due to side reactions promoted by the copper co-catalyst. While the reaction showed good atom economy, the yields were relatively low at 7.45% maximum. Further optimization is needed to improve purity and yields.
Hydrodeoxygenation-supported metal catalyst-lignin-aromatic monomers- A.K.Dee...Deepa A K
Pd, Pt, and Ru catalysts supported on various supports were evaluated for hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds. Pd/SiO2-Al2O3 showed the highest activity for guaiacol HDO, achieving 99% conversion to cyclohexane within 6 hours. Pt and Ru catalysts gave similar results. The acidic SiO2-Al2O3 support promoted cleavage of the C-O bond, while neutral carbon and basic hydrotalcite supports favored ring hydrogenation over full deoxygenation. Combining metals with strongly acidic supports maximized HDO. The catalysts could be recycled with no loss of activity. HDO of phenolic mixtures mimicking lignin
Removal of Coke during Steam Reforming of Ethanol over La-CoOx Catalystinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This document presents an electrochemical and computational study of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on nonprecious transition metal/nitrogen doped carbon nanofiber catalysts. Electrochemical measurements showed that pyrolyzed Fe/N/C catalyst promotes a four-electron ORR pathway, while O2 reduction on Co/N/C occurs mainly via a two-electron pathway. Density functional theory calculations predicted that ORR could occur through a four-electron associative pathway on an FeN4 active site, but may terminate after two electrons on a CoN4 site due to high activation energy for O-O bond splitting. The results suggest that FeN4 and CoN4 clusters may be the main active sites for
The processing of cd se polymer nanocompositesYogesh Patil
The document describes a method for synthesizing CdSe nanoparticles within polymer matrices using organometallic precursors. Specifically, it details:
1) CdSe nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymers by reacting cadmium acetate and 1,2,3-selenadiazole, which serves as the selenium source.
2) UV-vis spectroscopy showed blue shifts in the absorption spectra of the CdSe/polymer nanocomposites compared to bulk CdSe, indicating the formation of quantum-sized CdSe nanoparticles.
3) Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed an emission band at 530 nm
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper complex: a novel photocatalyst for C...Pawan Kumar
A copper(II) complex grafted to nitrogen-doped graphene (GrN700–CuC) was synthesized and then
demonstrated as an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol under visible light irradiation
using a DMF/water mixture. The chemical and microstructural features of GrN700–CuC nanosheets were
studied by FTIR, XPS, XRD and HRTEM analyses. Owing to its truly heterogeneous nature, GrN700–CuC
could be easily recovered after the photocatalytic reaction and showed efficient recyclability for
subsequent runs.
Maiyalagan, Synthesis and electro catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on...kutty79
Template synthesis of various nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes using different nitrogen containing polymers and the variation of nitrogen
content in carbon nanotube (CNT) on the behaviour of supported Pt electrodes in the anodic oxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells was
investigated. Characterizations of the as-prepared catalysts are investigated by electron microscopy and electrochemical analysis. The catalyst with
N-containing CNT as a support exhibits a higher catalytic activity than that carbon supported platinum electrode and CNT supported electrodes.
The N-containing CNT supported electrodes with 10.5% nitrogen content show a higher catalytic activity compared to other N-CNT supported
electrodes. This could be due to the existence of additional active sites on the surface of the N-containing CNT supported electrodes, which favours
better dispersion of Pt particles. Also, the strong metal-support interaction plays a major role in enhancing the catalytic activity for methanol
oxidation.
Graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide: the first...Pawan Kumar
The first successful synthesis of DMC directly from methanol and carbon dioxide using a heterogenized
homogeneous graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst in the
presence of N,N0-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent is described. The presence of a
dehydrating agent was found to be vital and in its absence the yield of DMC was found to be decreased
significantly. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum yield of DMC reaches up to 13.3%.
Although the homogeneous copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst provided a little higher
yield of DMC (14.2%), the facile recovery and recycling ability of the heterogeneous catalyst make the
developed method more attractive from environmental and economical viewpoints.
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on
polyaniline support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols
to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as
oxidant and isobutyraldehyde as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found
to be truly heterogeneous in nature and could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling
runs without loss of catalytic activity
The document summarizes a study on using palladium supported on hydrotalcite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Various palladium salts were tested as catalysts with different bases and temperatures. PdCl2 supported on hydrotalcite with potassium carbonate as the base provided the best results, with conversions comparable to homogeneous catalysts at temperatures above 90°C. The catalyst was characterized and found to have a palladium content of 1% without changing the structure of the hydrotalcite support. It was an effective catalyst for the reaction, with higher temperatures, bromobenzene, and chlorobenzene providing better conversions than other conditions tested.
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on polyaniline
support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols to the corresponding
carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as oxidant and isobutyraldehyde
as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found to be truly heterogeneous in nature and
could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling runs without loss of catalytic activity
Highly stable pt ru nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional cubic ordere...suresh899
The cost of the catalysts used in the direct methanol fuel cell
poses a challenge to its widespread use as an energy efficient and environment
friendly fuel conversion technology. In this study, two types of highly ordered
mesoporous carbon CMK-8 (I and II) with high surface area and 3-D
bicontinuous interpenetrating channels were synthesized and deposited with
PtRu nanoparticles using the sodium borohydride reduction method. The
electrocatalytic capabilities for methanol oxidation were investigated using
cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and the results were compared
with that of PtRu deposited on Vulcan XC-72 using the same preparation
method as well as with commercial PtRu/C (E-TEK) catalyst. Pt Ru/CMK-8-I synthesized by the method developed in this work revealed an
outstanding specific mass activity (487.9 mA/mg) and superior stability
compared with the other supports, thus substantiating its potential to reduce
the costs of DMFC catalysts.
Lignin-depolymerization-aromatic monomers-solid acid-heterogeneous catalyst-A...Deepa A K
The document summarizes research on the depolymerization of lignin over heterogeneous catalysts having acidic functionality. Key points:
- Lignin can be converted into high-value chemicals but is currently underutilized. Heterogeneous catalysts can aid in the depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers.
- Testing of various solid acid catalysts showed H-USY zeolite gave the highest yield (60%) of aromatic monomers from depolymerization of dealkaline lignin. However, H-USY deactivated after reuse.
- Products were analyzed using GC-MS, GPC and MALDI-TOF, confirming the formation of aromatic monomers rather than high molecular weight compounds. FTI
This document summarizes research on using iron-based catalysts containing a second metal like magnesium or molybdenum for direct coal liquefaction. The key points are:
1) Iron-based catalysts containing magnesium or molybdenum as a second metal were tested for direct coal liquefaction.
2) Molybdenum increased catalyst activity the most, resulting in over 90% coal conversion at 400°C. Oil yields also increased significantly with molybdenum.
3) Tetralin and phenanthrene were used as solvents, with catalytic effects being more evident using phenanthrene as it is a poorer hydrogen donor.
A review on recent progress in nitrogen doped graphene synthesis, characteriz...Science Padayatchi
1) Nitrogen doping is an effective way to modify the properties of graphene. There are three common types of nitrogen dopants: pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N.
2) Many methods have been used to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene), including CVD, segregation growth, solvothermal synthesis, and arc discharge. Post-treatment methods include thermal treatment, plasma treatment, and treatment with N2H4.
3) The nitrogen content and dopant configuration in N-graphene can be controlled by parameters like precursor composition, catalyst material, and growth temperature. N-graphene has potential applications in areas like electrocatalysis
Review on recent progress in nitrogen doped graphene synthesis, characterizat...materials87
Nitrogen doping has been an effective way to
tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use
for various applications. Three common bonding configurations
are normally obtained when doping nitrogen into the
graphene: pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N. This paper
reviews nitrogen-doped graphene, including various synthesis
methods to introduce N doping and various characterization
techniques for the examination of various N bonding
configurations. Potential applications of N-graphene are also
reviewed on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies
Fabrication and characterization of uniform ti o2 nanotube arrays by sol gel ...Science Padayatchi
The document summarizes the fabrication and characterization of uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays synthesized using a sol-gel template method with an alumina membrane. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the TiO2 nanotubes were ordered and uniform, with diameters controlled by the alumina pore size. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the hollow, open-ended structure of individual nanotubes. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the nanotubes had an anatase crystal phase. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy exhibited a blue shift in the TiO2 nanotubes compared to bulk TiO2, attributed to quantum size effects.
Nanostructured fe2 o3 platform for the electrochemical sensing of folic acidScience Padayatchi
1) The document describes a study that synthesized alpha-iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanofibers using an electrospinning method to modify a glassy carbon electrode.
2) The modified electrode was able to selectively determine folic acid (FA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), an important physiological interferent, with a detection limit of 60 nM for FA.
3) The α-Fe2O3 nanofibers provided excess electroactive sites on the electrode surface and strong adhesion, resulting in enhanced sensitivity and long-term stability for detecting FA compared to an unmodified electrode.
IrO2 as an anodic electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)
electrolysers was synthesised by adapting the Adams fusion method. Optimisation of the IrO2 electrocatalyst was achieved
by varying the synthesis duration (0.5 – 4 hours) and temperature (250 - 500°C). The physical properties of the
electrocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
x-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical characterisation of the electrocatalysts toward the OER was evaluated by
chronoamperometry (CA). CA analysis revealed the best electrocatalytic activity towards the OER for IrO2 synthesised
for 2 hours at 350oC which displayed a better electrocatalytic activity than the commercial IrO2 electrocatalyst used in this
study. XRD and TEM analyses revealed an increase in crystallinity and average particle size with increasing synthesis
duration and temperature which accounted for the decreasing electrocatalytic activity. At 250°C the formation of an active
IrO2 electrocatalyst was not favoured.
Programul Operațional Regional: bilanț mai 2012 – iunie 2014.
Programul Operational Regional 2007-2013 (Regio) este gestionat de Ministerul Dezvoltării Regionale şi Administraţiei Publice. Regio este unul dintre programele operationale romanesti agreate cu Uniunea Europeana si un instrument important pentru implementarea politicilor de dezvoltare regionala. Este aplicabil tuturor celor opt regiuni de dezvoltare ale Romaniei. Obiectivul general al POR consta in sprijinirea si promovarea dezvoltarii locale durabile, atat din punct de vedere economic, cat si social, in regiunile Romaniei, prin imbunatatirea conditiilor de infrastructura si a mediului de afaceri, care sustin cresterea economica. Astfel, Regio urmareste reducerea disparitatilor de dezvoltare economica si sociala dintre regiunile mai dezvoltate si cele mai putin dezvoltate.
Programul Operational Regional din Romania este finantat prin unul dintre fondurile structurale ale Uniunii Europene - Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regionala (FEDR). Acesta sprijina regiunile UE care au un PIB pe cap de locuitor sub 75% din media europeana.
This document presents an electrochemical and computational study of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on nonprecious transition metal/nitrogen doped carbon nanofiber catalysts. Electrochemical measurements showed that pyrolyzed Fe/N/C catalyst promotes a four-electron ORR pathway, while O2 reduction on Co/N/C occurs mainly via a two-electron pathway. Density functional theory calculations predicted that ORR could occur through a four-electron associative pathway on an FeN4 active site, but may terminate after two electrons on a CoN4 site due to high activation energy for O-O bond splitting. The results suggest that FeN4 and CoN4 clusters may be the main active sites for
The processing of cd se polymer nanocompositesYogesh Patil
The document describes a method for synthesizing CdSe nanoparticles within polymer matrices using organometallic precursors. Specifically, it details:
1) CdSe nanoparticles were synthesized in situ within poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) polymers by reacting cadmium acetate and 1,2,3-selenadiazole, which serves as the selenium source.
2) UV-vis spectroscopy showed blue shifts in the absorption spectra of the CdSe/polymer nanocomposites compared to bulk CdSe, indicating the formation of quantum-sized CdSe nanoparticles.
3) Photoluminescence spectroscopy showed an emission band at 530 nm
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper complex: a novel photocatalyst for C...Pawan Kumar
A copper(II) complex grafted to nitrogen-doped graphene (GrN700–CuC) was synthesized and then
demonstrated as an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol under visible light irradiation
using a DMF/water mixture. The chemical and microstructural features of GrN700–CuC nanosheets were
studied by FTIR, XPS, XRD and HRTEM analyses. Owing to its truly heterogeneous nature, GrN700–CuC
could be easily recovered after the photocatalytic reaction and showed efficient recyclability for
subsequent runs.
Maiyalagan, Synthesis and electro catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on...kutty79
Template synthesis of various nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes using different nitrogen containing polymers and the variation of nitrogen
content in carbon nanotube (CNT) on the behaviour of supported Pt electrodes in the anodic oxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells was
investigated. Characterizations of the as-prepared catalysts are investigated by electron microscopy and electrochemical analysis. The catalyst with
N-containing CNT as a support exhibits a higher catalytic activity than that carbon supported platinum electrode and CNT supported electrodes.
The N-containing CNT supported electrodes with 10.5% nitrogen content show a higher catalytic activity compared to other N-CNT supported
electrodes. This could be due to the existence of additional active sites on the surface of the N-containing CNT supported electrodes, which favours
better dispersion of Pt particles. Also, the strong metal-support interaction plays a major role in enhancing the catalytic activity for methanol
oxidation.
Graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide: the first...Pawan Kumar
The first successful synthesis of DMC directly from methanol and carbon dioxide using a heterogenized
homogeneous graphene oxide immobilized copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst in the
presence of N,N0-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as a dehydrating agent is described. The presence of a
dehydrating agent was found to be vital and in its absence the yield of DMC was found to be decreased
significantly. Under the optimized reaction conditions, the maximum yield of DMC reaches up to 13.3%.
Although the homogeneous copper phthalocyanine tetrasulphonamide catalyst provided a little higher
yield of DMC (14.2%), the facile recovery and recycling ability of the heterogeneous catalyst make the
developed method more attractive from environmental and economical viewpoints.
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on
polyaniline support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols
to the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as
oxidant and isobutyraldehyde as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found
to be truly heterogeneous in nature and could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling
runs without loss of catalytic activity
The document summarizes a study on using palladium supported on hydrotalcite as a heterogeneous catalyst for the Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. Various palladium salts were tested as catalysts with different bases and temperatures. PdCl2 supported on hydrotalcite with potassium carbonate as the base provided the best results, with conversions comparable to homogeneous catalysts at temperatures above 90°C. The catalyst was characterized and found to have a palladium content of 1% without changing the structure of the hydrotalcite support. It was an effective catalyst for the reaction, with higher temperatures, bromobenzene, and chlorobenzene providing better conversions than other conditions tested.
Organic inorganic hybrid cobalt phthalocyanine/polyaniline as efficient catal...Pawan Kumar
Organic inorganic hybrid catalyst synthesized by doping of cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) on polyaniline
support (CoPc/PANI) exhibited higher activity for the oxidation of various alcohols to the corresponding
carbonyl compounds in high to excellent yield using molecular oxygen as oxidant and isobutyraldehyde
as a sacrificial agent. Notably, the synthesized catalyst was found to be truly heterogeneous in nature and
could be easily recovered, recycled for several recycling runs without loss of catalytic activity
Highly stable pt ru nanoparticles supported on three-dimensional cubic ordere...suresh899
The cost of the catalysts used in the direct methanol fuel cell
poses a challenge to its widespread use as an energy efficient and environment
friendly fuel conversion technology. In this study, two types of highly ordered
mesoporous carbon CMK-8 (I and II) with high surface area and 3-D
bicontinuous interpenetrating channels were synthesized and deposited with
PtRu nanoparticles using the sodium borohydride reduction method. The
electrocatalytic capabilities for methanol oxidation were investigated using
cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, and the results were compared
with that of PtRu deposited on Vulcan XC-72 using the same preparation
method as well as with commercial PtRu/C (E-TEK) catalyst. Pt Ru/CMK-8-I synthesized by the method developed in this work revealed an
outstanding specific mass activity (487.9 mA/mg) and superior stability
compared with the other supports, thus substantiating its potential to reduce
the costs of DMFC catalysts.
Lignin-depolymerization-aromatic monomers-solid acid-heterogeneous catalyst-A...Deepa A K
The document summarizes research on the depolymerization of lignin over heterogeneous catalysts having acidic functionality. Key points:
- Lignin can be converted into high-value chemicals but is currently underutilized. Heterogeneous catalysts can aid in the depolymerization of lignin into aromatic monomers.
- Testing of various solid acid catalysts showed H-USY zeolite gave the highest yield (60%) of aromatic monomers from depolymerization of dealkaline lignin. However, H-USY deactivated after reuse.
- Products were analyzed using GC-MS, GPC and MALDI-TOF, confirming the formation of aromatic monomers rather than high molecular weight compounds. FTI
This document summarizes research on using iron-based catalysts containing a second metal like magnesium or molybdenum for direct coal liquefaction. The key points are:
1) Iron-based catalysts containing magnesium or molybdenum as a second metal were tested for direct coal liquefaction.
2) Molybdenum increased catalyst activity the most, resulting in over 90% coal conversion at 400°C. Oil yields also increased significantly with molybdenum.
3) Tetralin and phenanthrene were used as solvents, with catalytic effects being more evident using phenanthrene as it is a poorer hydrogen donor.
A review on recent progress in nitrogen doped graphene synthesis, characteriz...Science Padayatchi
1) Nitrogen doping is an effective way to modify the properties of graphene. There are three common types of nitrogen dopants: pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N.
2) Many methods have been used to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene), including CVD, segregation growth, solvothermal synthesis, and arc discharge. Post-treatment methods include thermal treatment, plasma treatment, and treatment with N2H4.
3) The nitrogen content and dopant configuration in N-graphene can be controlled by parameters like precursor composition, catalyst material, and growth temperature. N-graphene has potential applications in areas like electrocatalysis
Review on recent progress in nitrogen doped graphene synthesis, characterizat...materials87
Nitrogen doping has been an effective way to
tailor the properties of graphene and render its potential use
for various applications. Three common bonding configurations
are normally obtained when doping nitrogen into the
graphene: pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N. This paper
reviews nitrogen-doped graphene, including various synthesis
methods to introduce N doping and various characterization
techniques for the examination of various N bonding
configurations. Potential applications of N-graphene are also
reviewed on the basis of experimental and theoretical studies
Fabrication and characterization of uniform ti o2 nanotube arrays by sol gel ...Science Padayatchi
The document summarizes the fabrication and characterization of uniform TiO2 nanotube arrays synthesized using a sol-gel template method with an alumina membrane. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the TiO2 nanotubes were ordered and uniform, with diameters controlled by the alumina pore size. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the hollow, open-ended structure of individual nanotubes. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy demonstrated the nanotubes had an anatase crystal phase. UV-vis absorption spectroscopy exhibited a blue shift in the TiO2 nanotubes compared to bulk TiO2, attributed to quantum size effects.
Nanostructured fe2 o3 platform for the electrochemical sensing of folic acidScience Padayatchi
1) The document describes a study that synthesized alpha-iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) nanofibers using an electrospinning method to modify a glassy carbon electrode.
2) The modified electrode was able to selectively determine folic acid (FA) in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA), an important physiological interferent, with a detection limit of 60 nM for FA.
3) The α-Fe2O3 nanofibers provided excess electroactive sites on the electrode surface and strong adhesion, resulting in enhanced sensitivity and long-term stability for detecting FA compared to an unmodified electrode.
IrO2 as an anodic electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in solid polymer electrolyte (SPE)
electrolysers was synthesised by adapting the Adams fusion method. Optimisation of the IrO2 electrocatalyst was achieved
by varying the synthesis duration (0.5 – 4 hours) and temperature (250 - 500°C). The physical properties of the
electrocatalysts were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and
x-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical characterisation of the electrocatalysts toward the OER was evaluated by
chronoamperometry (CA). CA analysis revealed the best electrocatalytic activity towards the OER for IrO2 synthesised
for 2 hours at 350oC which displayed a better electrocatalytic activity than the commercial IrO2 electrocatalyst used in this
study. XRD and TEM analyses revealed an increase in crystallinity and average particle size with increasing synthesis
duration and temperature which accounted for the decreasing electrocatalytic activity. At 250°C the formation of an active
IrO2 electrocatalyst was not favoured.
Programul Operațional Regional: bilanț mai 2012 – iunie 2014.
Programul Operational Regional 2007-2013 (Regio) este gestionat de Ministerul Dezvoltării Regionale şi Administraţiei Publice. Regio este unul dintre programele operationale romanesti agreate cu Uniunea Europeana si un instrument important pentru implementarea politicilor de dezvoltare regionala. Este aplicabil tuturor celor opt regiuni de dezvoltare ale Romaniei. Obiectivul general al POR consta in sprijinirea si promovarea dezvoltarii locale durabile, atat din punct de vedere economic, cat si social, in regiunile Romaniei, prin imbunatatirea conditiilor de infrastructura si a mediului de afaceri, care sustin cresterea economica. Astfel, Regio urmareste reducerea disparitatilor de dezvoltare economica si sociala dintre regiunile mai dezvoltate si cele mai putin dezvoltate.
Programul Operational Regional din Romania este finantat prin unul dintre fondurile structurale ale Uniunii Europene - Fondul European de Dezvoltare Regionala (FEDR). Acesta sprijina regiunile UE care au un PIB pe cap de locuitor sub 75% din media europeana.
The document outlines a 3 day shooting schedule, listing the scenes, personnel, equipment and locations for each day of filming. On day 1 scenes will take place in a forest. Day 2 will involve a killer chase scene filmed in a house. All scenes will be shot on day 3 at a school where they will also do video editing.
Thiourea mediated regioselective synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical d...Science Padayatchi
This document describes a method for the regioselective synthesis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioethers from chloroisoquinolines using thiourea. The reaction produces isoquinoline-1-thiols under optimized thiourea conditions, and varying the amount of thiourea allows for the selective formation of either symmetrical thioethers or unsymmetrical thioethers. A proposed mechanism indicates that thiourea acts as a sulfur source in an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction to form an isothiouronium salt intermediate, which then produces the thiol or thioether products. This method avoids byproduct formation and provides a simplified and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing various organosulfur
i360 is a vocational training company that provides soft skills and other skills-based training programs. It has over 40 training centers across 11 states in India. i360 uses a competency-based training methodology that includes conducting a training needs identification, aligning training with organizational needs, measuring training effectiveness, and providing customized modular programs. The catalog describes i360's broad categories of training including sales, marketing, human resources, and banking/finance. It also provides details on i360's methodology and lists over 100 specific training modules.
Research efforts direct ethanol fuel cell defcAhmed ElSheikh
The document summarizes research on developing palladium-tin alloy catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline fuel cells. Key findings include:
1) Pd-Sn/C catalysts synthesized using a polyol method showed twice the peak current densities of Pd/C catalysts for ethanol oxidation.
2) The Sn content was found to enhance the charge transfer rate during ethanol oxidation reactions.
3) Ethanol was found to partially oxidize on the Pd-Sn catalysts, forming acetic acid. Future work will focus on facilitating complete ethanol oxidation through DFT calculations and improving synthesis methods.
Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported copper complex: a novel photocatalyst for C...Pawan Kumar
A copper(II) complex grafted to nitrogen-doped graphene (GrN700–CuC) was synthesized and then
demonstrated as an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 reduction into methanol under visible light irradiation
using a DMF/water mixture. The chemical and microstructural features of GrN700–CuC nanosheets were
studied by FTIR, XPS, XRD and HRTEM analyses. Owing to its truly heterogeneous nature, GrN700–CuC
could be easily recovered after the photocatalytic reaction and showed efficient recyclability for
subsequent runs.
Electro catalytic performance of pt-supported poly (o-phenylenediamine) micro...sunitha81
Poly (o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) microrods were obtained by interfacial
polymerization using ferric chloride as oxidant and without any template or
functional dopant. Pt/PoPD nanocatalysts were prepared by the reduction of chloroplatinic
acid with sodium borohydride, and the composite catalysts formed were
characterized by X-ray diffraction and electrochemical methods. The nanocomposite
of Pt/PoPD microrods has been explored for their electro-catalytic performance
towards oxidation of methanol. The electro-catalytic activity of Pt/PoPD was
found to be much higher (current density 1.96 mA/cm2 at 0.70 V) in comparison to
Pt/Vulcan electrodes (the current density values of 1.56 mA/cm2 at 0.71 V) which
may be attributed to the microrod morphology of PoPD that facilitate the effective
dispersion of Pt particles and easier access of methanol towards the catalytic sites.
Electro catalytic performance of pt-supported poly (o-phenylenediamine) micro...Science Padayatchi
1. Poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) microrods were synthesized through an interfacial polymerization reaction using ferric chloride.
2. Pt nanoparticles were deposited on the PoPD microrods through chemical reduction to create a Pt/PoPD nanocatalyst.
3. Electrochemical tests found that the Pt/PoPD nanocatalyst had higher electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared to a Pt/carbon catalyst, likely due to the microrod morphology of the PoPD facilitating better dispersion of Pt particles and access of methanol to catalytic sites.
Electro catalytic performance of pt-supported poly (o-phenylenediamine) micro...tshankar20134
This document summarizes research on developing a nanocomposite catalyst of Pt supported on poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) microrods for electro-oxidation of methanol in fuel cells. PoPD microrods were synthesized through an interfacial polymerization method using ferric chloride. Pt nanoparticles were deposited on the PoPD microrods using sodium borohydride reduction of chloroplatinic acid. Characterization with XRD showed the Pt had a face-centered cubic structure. Electrochemical tests found the Pt/PoPD catalyst had higher catalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation compared to a Pt/carbon catalyst, which may be due to the microrod morphology facilitating better
Effects of heat treatment on the catalytic activity and methanol tolerance of...tshankar20134
This document studies the effects of heat treatment on the catalytic activity and methanol tolerance of carbon-supported platinum alloys. Platinum (Pt), platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co), platinum-copper (Pt-Cu), platinum-iron (Pt-Fe), and platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) catalysts were heat treated at different temperatures and their properties were analyzed. Heat treatment was found to increase particle size but also improved catalytic activity in most cases. The optimum heat treatment temperature depended on the specific catalyst. Pt-Cu/C and Pt-Fe/C catalysts heat treated at 350°C showed the highest oxygen reduction reaction activity and best methanol tolerance. Overall, Pt-
The document describes the development of a silver nanoparticle-modified poly ortho-toluidine/carbon paste electrode (n-Ag/POT/MCPE) and its application as an anode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in alkaline media. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the n-Ag/POT/MCPE has a porous surface topology suitable for catalyzing hydrazine oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry experiments demonstrate that the electrode exhibits high anodic and cathodic currents, indicating a large surface area, and is electrochemically active for hydrazine oxidation, with the oxidation current increasing with hydrazine concentration.
This document summarizes research evaluating Pt/GMC and Pt/rGO electrocatalysts for electro-oxidation of methanol. Graphitic mesoporous carbon (GMC) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized and used to support platinum nanoparticles. The materials were characterized using various techniques and their electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation was measured via cyclic voltammetry. The results showed that Pt/GMC exhibited the highest mass activity and best resistance to carbon monoxide poisoning compared to Pt/rGO and a commercial Pt/C catalyst. Therefore, Pt/GMC demonstrated the best electrocatalytic performance for methanol electrooxidation.
A facile synthesis method produced highly active Pd nanoparticle catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in under 5 minutes. An electrode was dipped in separate solutions of reducing agent and Pd ions to deposit amorphous Pd nanoparticles. Repeatedly dipping the electrode increased catalytic activity, with the highest activity achieved after 12 cycles of 20 seconds each. The Pd nanoparticles produced using sodium hypophosphite as the reducing agent showed superior ORR activity compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...suresh899
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported Pd–Ni nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical reduction
with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Pd–Ni/CNF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical
voltammetry analysis. TEM showed that the Pd–Ni particles were quite uniformly distributed on the
surface of the carbon nanofiber with an average particle size of 4.0 nm. The electro-catalytic activity of
the Pd–Ni/CNF for oxidation of ethanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The onset potential
was 200mV lower and the peak current density four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd–Ni/CNF
compared to that for Pd/C. The effect of an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 ◦C had a great effect on
increasing the ethanol oxidation activity.
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd ni catalysts for electro-oxidati...Science Padayatchi
This document summarizes a study on carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported Pd-Ni catalysts for electro-oxidation of ethanol in alkaline medium. Pd-Ni/CNF catalysts were prepared by chemical reduction and characterized using various techniques. Electrochemical analysis showed the Pd-Ni/CNF catalyst had lower onset potential and 4 times higher peak current density for ethanol oxidation compared to Pd/C. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 60°C greatly enhanced the ethanol oxidation activity of Pd-Ni/CNF.
Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd–ni catalysts for electro oxidati...sunilove
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported Pd–Ni nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical reduction
with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Pd–Ni/CNF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical
voltammetry analysis. TEM showed that the Pd–Ni particles were quite uniformly distributed on the
surface of the carbon nanofiber with an average particle size of 4.0 nm. The electro-catalytic activity of
the Pd–Ni/CNF for oxidation of ethanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The onset potential
was 200mV lower and the peak current density four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd–Ni/CNF
compared to that for Pd/C. The effect of an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 ◦C had a great effect on
increasing the ethanol oxidation activity.
Maiyalagan,Performance of carbon nanofiber supported pd ni catalysts for elec...kutty79
Carbon nanofibers (CNF) supported Pd–Ni nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical reduction
with NaBH4 as a reducing agent. The Pd–Ni/CNF catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction
(XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical
voltammetry analysis. TEM showed that the Pd–Ni particles were quite uniformly distributed on the
surface of the carbon nanofiber with an average particle size of 4.0 nm. The electro-catalytic activity of
the Pd–Ni/CNF for oxidation of ethanol was examined by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The onset potential
was 200mV lower and the peak current density four times higher for ethanol oxidation for Pd–Ni/CNF
compared to that for Pd/C. The effect of an increase in temperature from 20 to 60 ◦C had a great effect on
increasing the ethanol oxidation activity
Effects of heat treatment on the catalytic activity and methanol tolerance of...sunidevi
This document summarizes a study on the effects of heat treatment on the catalytic activity and methanol tolerance of carbon-supported platinum alloys. Carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) and platinum alloy (Pt-Co/C, Pt-Cu/C, Pt-Fe/C, Pt-Ni/C) catalysts were subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and electrochemical measurements were used to characterize the catalysts and evaluate their oxygen reduction reaction activity and methanol tolerance. The results showed that heat treatment improved catalytic activity by increasing particle size but the optimal temperature depended on the catalyst. Pt-Cu/C treated at 350°C showed the highest activity and
This document describes a study on using different forms of polyaniline (PANI) - Emeraldine Base PANI (EB-PANI), Emeraldine Salt PANI (ES-PANI), and Leuco Emeraldine Base PANI (LEB-PANI) - as sensing materials for detecting dissolved oxygen levels in solutions. The PANI forms were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and their oxygen sensitivity was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry. The cyclic voltammetry measurements showed variations in current corresponding to different oxygen concentrations, indicating the potential of using PANI-coated electrodes as dissolved oxygen sensors. In particular, results showed LEB-PANI may be suitable for detecting low concentrations of dissolved oxygen in
Electrodeposited nanostructured a-Fe2O3 thin films for solar water splitting:...North Breeze
This document describes a study on the effects of platinum (Pt) doping on the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured alpha-iron oxide (α-Fe2O3) thin films deposited via electrodeposition. Un-doped and Pt-doped α-Fe2O3 thin films were characterized using various techniques. The results showed that Pt doping increased the density of small nanoparticles in the films and enhanced the photocurrent density for water splitting by up to a factor of 1.4 compared to un-doped films. The highest photocurrent density of 0.56 mA/cm2 was achieved for a 3% Pt-doped film. Electrochemical impedance analysis also revealed that Pt d
Metal-organic hybrid: Photoreduction of CO2 using graphitic carbon nitride su...Pawan Kumar
A novel heteroleptic iridium complex supported on graphitic carbon nitride was synthesized and used for photoreduction of carbon dioxide under visible light irradiation. The methanol yield obtained after 24 h irradiation was 9934 μmol g−1cat (TON 1241 with respect to Ir) by using triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial donor, which was significantly higher as compared to the semiconductor carbon nitride 145 μmol g−1cat under identical conditions. The presence of triethylamine was found to be vital for the higher methanol yield. After the reaction, the photocatalyst could easily be recovered and reused for subsequent six runs without significant loss in photo activity.
Similar to Highly active pd and pd–au nanoparticles supported on functionalized graphene nanoplatelets for enhanced formic acid oxidation (20)
Optical studies of nano structured la-doped zn o prepared by combustion methodScience Padayatchi
Coral-shaped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were successfully synthesized via a combustion method using glycine as a fuel and zinc nitrate and lanthanum nitrate as precursors. Transmission electron microscopy showed the ZnO to have a coral shape with pore sizes of 10-50 nm and grain size of around 15 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of both pure and lanthanum-doped ZnO. The lattice parameters increased with increasing lanthanum concentration, indicating incorporation of lanthanum ions into the ZnO lattice. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed the band gap increased and absorbance decreased in the near UV region with higher lanthanum doping
Nanostructured conducting polymers for energy applications towards a sustaina...Science Padayatchi
This document reviews the synthesis and applications of conducting polymer nanostructures (CPNs). It discusses how CPNs have superior properties compared to bulk polymers for energy applications due to their nanoscale size, including higher electrical conductivity and surface area. The review covers template-based and template-free methods for synthesizing CPNs, focusing on hard-template, soft-template, and liquid crystalline approaches. It also discusses characterization techniques and applications of CPNs in areas like energy storage, conversion, and electrocatalysis. In conclusion, the review provides an overview of how CPNs can be used in technologies like fuel cells, photocatalysis, supercapacitors and batteries.
Spinel type lithium cobalt oxide as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen...Science Padayatchi
The document discusses lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) as a potential bifunctional electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). It finds that lithium cobalt oxide synthesized at a lower temperature of 400°C (LT-LiCoO2), which adopts a lithiated spinel structure, exhibits higher OER activity than layered LiCoO2 synthesized at 800°C (HT-LiCoO2) or spinel cobalt oxide. Chemically delithiated LT-LiCoO2 samples show both high OER and ORR activities, making spinel-type LT-Li0.5CoO2 a potential bifunctional electro
Recent progress in non platinum counter electrode materials for dye sensitize...Science Padayatchi
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have gained increasing attention
with regard to photovoltaic devices, because of their low
cost and simple fabrication methods; they are mostly investigated
in indoor light-harvesting and portable applications. The
focus has been on three main parameters of photovoltaic devices,
that is, lifetime, and cost effectiveness. A DSSC consists of
four prominent components including a photoanode, a photosensitizer,
a redox electrolyte, and a counter electrode. The
counter electrode is a crucial component, in which triiodide is
reduced to iodide by electrons flowing through the external
circuit. An effective approach to improve the performance of
a counter electrode is to enhance the power conversion efficiency
and to reduce the cost of the device. Platinum-coated
conducting glass electrodes give the best performance, but
their high cost and the scarcity of platinum restricts large-scale
application in DSSCs. This has prompted researchers to develop
low-costing platinum-free electrodes for DSSCs. In this
review, we focus mainly on counter electrode materials for the
electrocatalytic redox reaction for the I¢/I¢
3 electrolyte, and
apart from this, other counter electrode materials for iodinefree
redox electrolytes are discussed. Different counter electrode
materials are highlighted in different categories such as
carbon materials, conducting polymers, oxide and sulfide materials,
transition-metal nitrides and carbides, and composite
materials. The stability of counter electrodes in DSSCs is also
presented.
Tungsten carbide nanotubes supported platinum nanoparticles as aScience Padayatchi
This document describes the synthesis of tungsten carbide nanotubes supported platinum nanoparticles (WC NTs/PtNPs) and their potential use as an electrochemical sensor for oxalic acid. Tube-like WC nanostructures with a large surface area were synthesized and used to support platinum nanoparticles. The WC NTs/PtNPs modified electrode showed high sensitivity toward oxalic acid oxidation, with lower overpotential and higher current response compared to other electrode modifications. The sensor demonstrated high sensitivity, selectivity, and low detection limit for oxalic acid, suggesting potential applications for food and wastewater analysis.
Recent progress in non platinum counter electrode materials for dye sensitize...Science Padayatchi
This document discusses recent progress in developing non-platinum counter electrode materials for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). It reviews various platinum-free materials that have been studied as alternatives to the traditionally used platinum counter electrodes in DSSCs. These include carbon-based materials like graphene and carbon nanotubes, conducting polymers, metal oxides and sulfides, transition metal nitrides and carbides, and composite materials. The document analyzes the advantages of these materials and their potential to lower the cost of DSSCs while maintaining good performance compared to expensive platinum electrodes.
Role of the morphology and surface planes on the catalytic activity of spinel...Science Padayatchi
The electrocatalytic activity of the spinel oxide LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 with
different morphologies (cubic, spherical, octahedral, and truncated octahedral) has been
investigated for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline solutions that is of
interest for metal−air batteries. The OER activity increases in the order truncated
octahedral < cubic < spherical < octahedral, despite a larger surface area (2.9 m2 g−1) for
the spherical sample compared to nearly similar surface areas (0.3−0.7 m2 g−1) for the
other three samples. The high activity of the octahedral sample is attributed to the
regular octahedral shape with low-energy {111} surface planes, whereas the lowest
activity of the truncated octahedral sample is attributed to the high-energy {001} surface
planes. The octahedral sample also exhibits the lowest Tafel slope of 70 mV dec−1 with
the highest durability whereas the truncated octahedral sample exhibits the highest Tafel
slope of 120 mV dec−1 with durability similar to the cubic and spherical samples. The
study demonstrates that the catalytic activities of oxide catalysts could be tuned and
optimized by controlling the surface morphologies/planes via novel synthesis approaches.
Nitrogen doped graphene nanosheet supported platinum nanoparticles as high pe...Science Padayatchi
Functional carbon nanomaterials are significantly important for the development of high performance
sensitive and selective electrochemical biosensors. In this study, graphene supported platinum
nanoparticles (GN–PtNPs) and nitrogen doped graphene supported platinum nanoparticles (N-GN–
PtNPs) were synthesized by a simple chemical reduction method and explored as high performance
nanocatalyst supports, as well as doped nanocatalyst supports, toward electrochemical oxidation of
homocysteine (HCY) for the first the time. Our studies demonstrate that N-doped graphene supported
PtNPs show higher electrocatalytic activity for HCY with an experimental detection limit of 200 pM.
Moreover, N-doped graphene supported Pt was demonstrated to have excellent selectivity in the
electrochemical oxidation of HCY i.e., the detection of HCY is successful in the presence of a 20-fold
excess of ascorbic acid (AA). The practical application of N-doped graphene supported PtNP materials is
effectively shown for the determination of HCY in both human blood serum and urine samples, by
differential pulse voltammetry under optimized conditions. Our findings conclude that N-doped
graphene supported PtNPs can be developed as a high performance and versatile nano-electrocatalyst
for electrochemical biosensor applications.
Film pore diffusion modeling for sorption of azo dye on to exfoliated graphit...Science Padayatchi
The document describes research on using exfoliated graphitic nanoplatelets (xGnPs) to adsorb the azo dye Acid Orange 7 from aqueous solutions. The effects of temperature, pH, and initial dye concentration on the adsorption process were studied. Kinetic data fit the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models well. Adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir model. Analysis of the kinetics and isotherms provided insight into the adsorption mechanism and rate determining steps. The xGnPs were found to efficiently and effectively remove the acid dye from solutions through an exothermic adsorption process governed by chemical reaction kinetics.
1) Nitrogen doping is an effective way to modify the properties of graphene. There are three common types of nitrogen bonding configurations: pyridinic N, pyrrolic N, and graphitic N.
2) Nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) can be synthesized via direct methods like CVD and solvothermal synthesis or via post-treatment methods like thermal treatment and plasma treatment.
3) Different synthesis methods produce N-graphene with varying nitrogen content and bonding configurations, which impact the material's properties and potential applications in areas like energy storage, sensors, and electronics.
Synthesis and electro catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on nitrogen co...Science Padayatchi
The document discusses the synthesis and electro-catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes supported Pt electrodes. Specifically:
1. Various nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using different nitrogen containing polymers as templates.
2. The nitrogen content and morphology of the carbon nanotubes were characterized using electron microscopy.
3. The electro-catalytic activity of Pt particles supported on nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes was evaluated for methanol oxidation and compared to conventional carbon supports. Nitrogen containing carbon nanotube supported electrodes showed higher catalytic activity.
Nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes as supports for pt – alternate anodes fo...Science Padayatchi
This document summarizes research on using nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes as supports for platinum nanoparticles as an alternative anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Key points:
1. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an alumina membrane template and pyrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer.
2. Highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles around 3nm in size were uniformly deposited on the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes.
3. Electrochemical testing found the platinum catalyst supported on nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes had over 10 times higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared to a commercial platinum on carbon catalyst.
V mn-mcm-41 catalyst for the vapor phase oxidation of o-xyleneScience Padayatchi
This document describes a study investigating V and Mn incorporated mesoporous molecular sieves for the vapor phase oxidation of o-xylene. Mesoporous monometallic V-MCM-41, Mn-MCM-41, and bimetallic V-Mn-MCM-41 molecular sieves were synthesized and characterized. Their activity was measured for the gas phase oxidation of o-xylene to phthalic anhydride. Among the catalysts, V-MCM-41 with Si/V=50 exhibited the highest activity and selectivity towards producing phthalic anhydride under the experimental conditions. The physico-chemical properties of the catalysts, including metal content, pore structure, and
A review on recent progress in nitrogen doped graphene synthesis, characteriz...Science Padayatchi
This document reviews recent progress in nitrogen-doped graphene, including various synthesis methods to introduce nitrogen doping, characterization techniques to examine nitrogen bonding configurations, and potential applications. Common nitrogen bonding configurations in graphene are pyridinic nitrogen, pyrrolic nitrogen, and graphitic/quaternary nitrogen. The document summarizes 21 different methods used to synthesize nitrogen-doped graphene and the resulting nitrogen content, and discusses how nitrogen doping can tailor graphene's properties for applications in areas like electrocatalysis, transistors, energy storage, and sensors.
Synthesis and electro catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on nitrogen co...Science Padayatchi
The document discusses the synthesis and electro-catalytic activity of methanol oxidation on nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes supported Pt electrodes. Specifically:
1. Various nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using different nitrogen containing polymers as templates.
2. The nitrogen content and morphology of the carbon nanotubes were characterized using electron microscopy.
3. The catalytic activity of Pt supported on nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes was evaluated for methanol oxidation and compared to Pt supported on regular carbon nanotubes and carbon black.
4. Preliminary results showed that nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes with 10.5% nitrogen content exhibited higher catalytic activity than other supports, likely due to additional active sites from nitrogen
Nitrogen containing carbon nanotubes as supports for pt – alternate anodes fo...Science Padayatchi
This document summarizes research on using nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes as supports for platinum nanoparticles as an alternative anode catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Key points:
1. Nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes were synthesized using an alumina membrane template and pyrolysis of polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer.
2. Platinum nanoparticles with an average size of 3 nm were uniformly dispersed on the nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes via chemical reduction.
3. Electrochemical testing found the platinum catalyst supported on nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes had over 10 times higher catalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared to a commercial platinum/carbon catalyst.
This document summarizes research on using highly ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-8 as a support for Pt-Ru nanoparticles in methanol oxidation catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells. Two types of CMK-8 were synthesized with different pore sizes and surface areas. Pt-Ru was deposited on the CMK-8 using sodium borohydride reduction. Testing showed the Pt-Ru/CMK-8 catalyst had a higher specific mass activity and better stability than catalysts using commercial carbon supports, demonstrating CMK-8's potential to reduce costs for direct methanol fuel cell catalysts.
Electro oxidation of methanol on ti o2 nanotube supported platinum electrodesScience Padayatchi
1) The document describes research on using platinum nanoparticles supported on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes as an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation.
2) TiO2 nanotubes were synthesized using an anodic aluminum oxide membrane as a template. Platinum nanoparticles were then uniformly dispersed on the TiO2 nanotube surfaces.
3) Characterization with electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed the Pt nanoparticles were highly dispersed with a size of around 3-4 nm on the TiO2 nanotube supports.
4) Electrochemical testing found the Pt/TiO2 nanotube catalyst had higher activity for methanol oxidation compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts, due to the nanot
Electrooxidation of methanol on carbon supported pt ru nanocatalysts prepared...Science Padayatchi
This document summarizes a study that prepared carbon-supported Pt-Ru nanocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation using a simple ethanol reduction method. The catalysts were characterized using various techniques and tested for their electrocatalytic activity and stability via cyclic voltammetry. The catalyst prepared with a 2-hour reduction time showed higher mass activity and good stability over 100 cycles for methanol electrooxidation compared to other reduction times. The results indicate these catalysts prepared via a low-cost ethanol reduction method have potential as anode catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.