Musculoskeletal Radiology
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This document contains notes from a lecture on musculoskeletal radiology. It discusses important concepts like knowing what normal and variant findings look like, thoroughly reviewing all areas of an image to avoid missing pathology, and factors that can impact image quality like exposure, positioning, and interpreter-related issues. It provides guidance on standard views for different body parts and recommends obtaining two views, two joints, two limbs, or two occasions for comparison when needed. It also notes discussing findings with colleagues if uncertain and potentially repeating images or obtaining other imaging studies.
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This document discusses neuro-optometric rehabilitation (NOR), which provides coordinated visual care for patients with neurological insults. NOR addresses eye health, visual fields, refractive needs, and visual rehabilitative therapy through an interdisciplinary team. Common visual issues after brain injury include visual field deficits, visual spatial inattention, and post-traumatic vision syndrome. Treatments may include lenses, prisms, occlusion, scanning exercises, and vestibular therapy. Visual-evoked potentials can help evaluate disorders of the optic nerve and visual pathway.
Vision assesment
This document discusses vision assessment and various tests used to evaluate visual function. It describes visual acuity tests including Snellen, Landolt C, and ETDRS charts to measure resolving power and smallest details the eye can see at various distances. Near vision, dark adaptation, contrast sensitivity, and color vision are also assessed. Standard procedures are outlined for administering visual acuity tests and interpreting the results.
Automated perimetry
This document discusses automated perimetry, which is used to evaluate the visual field. It begins by explaining the importance of perimetry in diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma and other conditions. It then defines key concepts like the visual field and hill of vision. The document discusses the components and procedures of automated perimetry testing, including factors that influence the results like stimulus characteristics, fixation monitoring, and testing strategies. It describes different perimetry tests and their applications in evaluating various eye diseases. In summary, the document provides an overview of automated perimetry, its role in eye care, and the technical aspects of performing this important visual field assessment test.
Aniseikonia
This document discusses aniseikonia, which is a difference in the size or shape of retinal images between the two eyes. It can be caused by refractive errors, corneal issues, lenticular problems, or axial length differences. Aniseikonia affects 2-3% of the population and can induce symptoms like headaches, eyestrain, and difficulties with depth perception. The document provides guidelines for evaluating and managing aniseikonia, including formulas for calculating spectacle and contact lens magnification to help reduce the perceived size difference between eyes. It also includes examples of calculating lens parameters to minimize aniseikonia for different refractive error scenarios.
Accommodative and vergence dysfunction
Accommodative and vergence dysfunctions can cause symptoms like blurred vision, difficulty reading, and asthenopia. Key diagnostic tests include cover test, versions, near point of convergence, and fusional vergence amplitudes. Accommodative issues include insufficiency, fatigue, and infacility. Vergence issues include convergence insufficiency, divergence excess, and basic exophoria. Early treatment is important to prevent amblyopia or learning problems from vergence anomalies.
Rof in pp narrationfor dvdconversiononinternet_2
The chiropractor provides a positive long-term prognosis for the patient's condition if they receive chiropractic manipulative therapy. The summary outlines a 3-phase treatment plan involving chiropractic adjustments, exercises, and nutritional recommendations over 6 weeks with periodic progress exams. If left untreated, the structural problem could decay over time resulting in increased pain and need for symptom management rather than addressing the underlying issue.
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Ospe eye for post graduate ophthalmic student such as FCPS. FRCOphth
1) The document discusses several OSPE questions related to ophthalmology. It includes questions about the investigation and treatment plan for a patient with diabetic retinopathy and macular edema, a patient presenting with vision impairment and a macular scar, and a 60-year old patient with sudden vision loss, headache, and jaw claudication.
2) For each question, it provides the answer which lists relevant tests or investigations and treatment recommendations. For the patient with sudden vision loss, the clinical diagnosis is given as superficial temporal arteritis and treatment is mentioned as systemic steroids.
3) Three photos are described related to ophthalmic diseases - one shows tobacco dust seen in retinal detachments, one shows the
Prism for-diplopia cybersight
Cover test at distance and near: 8Δ left hypertropia at distance, 10Δ left hypertropia at near
Maddox rod: 8Δ left hypertropia at distance, 10Δ left hypertropia at near
Version: Full OU
Case 1: Left hypertropia increasing at near. Likely thyroid eye disease. Start with Fresnel prism to alleviate diplopia. Consider referral to endocrinologist for further workup and management.
The 10 Min Geriatric Assessment
This document provides a summary of assessment tools that can be used to quickly screen older adults for common medical issues during a geriatric assessment. It describes screens for dementia like the 3-item recall test, animal naming test, and clock drawing test. Physical performance is discussed and tests like the rapid gait and chair stand tests are described. Screens for depression, hearing, vision, incontinence and nutrition are also summarized. The document advocates using the "DEEP IN" mnemonic to systematically screen key areas in a quick office visit.
Vision Performance Institute: 3D Vision Syndrome Creating a Better Audience
This document discusses 3D vision syndrome, its diagnosis, and treatment. It summarizes the key points as follows:
1. Millions of people suffer from symptoms like blurred vision, headaches, and dizziness when viewing 3D content. Proper diagnosis and treatment are important to improve quality of life.
2. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye exam to evaluate visual acuity, refractive error, eye alignment, eye movements, and binocular vision skills.
3. Treatment options include glasses, prisms, and optometric vision therapy to improve binocular vision skills and coordination of the eyes. Vision therapy has been shown to effectively treat convergence insufficiency and accommodative disorders.
Mri in corellation to surgery
The document summarizes a study on arthroscopic remplissage for recurrent anterior shoulder instability. 48 patients underwent remplissage in addition to Bankart repair, with a mean follow-up of 37 months. The failure rate was 6.3%, and 93.7% were satisfied without restrictions. Scores on the ASES, Rowe, and Oxford scales all significantly improved post-operatively without loss of range of motion. The study concludes remplissage enhances Bankart repair for managing instability, with good results and no effect on shoulder movement.
Glasgow coma scale
The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was developed in 1974 as a standardized means to assess consciousness and monitor patients with brain injuries. It evaluates eye opening, verbal response, and motor response on a scale of 3-15, with lower scores indicating worse neurological function or coma. The scale was created by Graham Teasdale and Bryan Jennett to provide a consistent, structured way for doctors to classify a patient's state of consciousness and predict outcomes after head injuries. It is still widely used today in trauma and critical care settings to monitor patients' recovery from brain injuries or illnesses affecting consciousness.
Neurological Assessment for nursing students ppt
Prepared by Prof. BLESSY THOMAS, MSc NURSING (NEUROSCIENCE NURSING) Neurological assessment helps us to identify any abnormalities in the nervous system. it includes several assessment techniques. NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IS A SYSTEM PROCESS THAT INCLUDES A VARIETY OF CLINICAL TESTS, OBSERVATION ANS ASSESSMWNT DESIGNED TO EVALUATE THE COMPLEX SYSTEM. NEUROLOGICAL ASSESSMENT HELPS TO IDENTIFY MAY COMPLES DISEASES EARLY AND ALSO HELPS TO PROVIDE THE TREATMENT WITHOUT DELAY.
Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Performance
The Rivermead Assessment of Somatosensory Performance (RASP) is a standardized test used to assess somatosensory functioning through 7 subtests involving discrimination of sensations like touch, pressure, temperature, and proprioception. It is comprised of standardized instruments that comprehensively measure somatosensory functions across 10 body areas. The RASP provides reliable and quantifiable data to inform rehabilitation for patients with somatosensory impairments from conditions like stroke, MS, or head injuries.
The Paramedic Neurological Assessment
An overview of how to perform a paramedic neurological assessment. For more information about this lecture, please go to www.paramedicine.com/episode6.
Overlooked diagnoses after auto accidents
40%-80% of auto accident claimants have overlooked diagnoses. The most commonly overlooked are thoracic outlet syndrome, cervical disc damage mistakenly called sprain or whiplash, post-concussion syndrome, slipping rib syndrome, Tietze syndrome and Tempro-mandibular joint syndrome. This article tells readers the clinical sign and symptoms of each and the correct medical tests to use, which are employed by doctors at Johns Hopkins Hospital. It also described an on-line questionnaire at www.DiagnoseThePains.com which gives diagnoses with a 96% correlation with diagnoses of Johns Hopkins Hospital doctors.
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Musculoskeletal Radiology
- 1. MSK Radiology Dr Yasim Khan Senior Resident MBBS, MS Ortho, DNB Ortho, MNAMS
- 3. Mind Palace
- 4. Know what is normal and a variant of normal looks like If you spot one abnormality, do not lose focus until you have reviewed all areas of the image, otherwise, you might miss important pathology. Eyes cant see what mind doesn't know
- 5. Adequacy Radiographer related – exposure Penetrance Cassette related issues Magnification orientation focus centering tube angle patient positioning
- 6. Adequacy Interpreter related- view angle Too far or too near to screen brightness of view box eye level proper orientation of limb in 3 dimensions right person, date, time See everything available on image- multiple injuries Assess magnification Asses view is standard AP/lateral, amount of rotation or obliquity ?? Comfort level, Noise cancellation How much time do we need to stare on one Xray (fatigue ?)
- 12. Rule of Two’s 2 views- orthogonal AP, Lateral, 2 Joints- above & below injury 2 limbs- normal side for comparison 2 Occasions- for comparison 2 Observer 2 injuries
- 13. If you are in doubt on your findings Discuss with colleagues Reassess patient Repeat x-rays Special views CT or MRI
- 14. Shoulder
- 20. Pregnant female Do just AP view Assess rotation
- 23. What is more dangerous
- 24. Correlate the radiological finding with the natural history of disease pathology and clinically (history + examination)
- 26. ELBOW
- 34. Hand & Wrist
- 44. Pelvis & Hip
- 62. Apley
- 63. Look trabeculae for valgus impacted NOF #
- 65. AFF
- 74. KNEE
- 78. ANKLE & FOOT
- 89. SPINE
- 100. Facetal cyst
- 104. ONCOLOGY
- 121. PEADIATRIC ORTHO
- 129. INFECTION
- 130. Spina ventosa
- 134. Degenerative
- 139. INFLAMATORY
- 144. Thank You