This pdf contains the multivalve engine description. the types of multivalve engine are also explain along with suitable pictures. the document gives idea the development in this technology today and market analysis

1. SIES GRADUATE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY
SRI CHANDRASEKARENDRA SARASWATHY VIDYAPURAM
PLOT 1-C D & E, SECTOR V, NERUL
A PROJECT REPORT
ON
MULTIVALVE ENGINE
PREPARED SUBJECT OF
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
SUBJECT INCHARGE
PROF. PRAJAKTA KANE
SUBMITTED BY:
NIKHILESH MANE - 218A6067
PRATHMESH MOHOL - 218A6068
KRISHNA MOOPANAR - 218A6069
DEPARTMENT
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
October 2019
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2. SIES GRADUATE SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY.
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project titled “MULTIVALVE ENGINE ” is carried out by following students of
TE in ME ENGINEERING.
Sr No PRN No Name
1 218A6067 NIKHILESH MANE
2 218A6068 PRATHMESH MOHOL
3 218A6069 KRISHNA MOOPANAR
The report is submitted in partial fulfillment of term work under the subject entitled INTERNAL
COMBUSTION ENGINE of Third year of engineering MECHANICAL ENGINEERING from the
university of Mumbai during the academic year 2019-20
LECTURE IN CHARGE / GUIDE Signature :
Name : PROF. Prajakta Kane
Date :
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT Signature :
Name : Dr.R.S Nhete
Date :
II

3. ABSTRACT
A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per minute
(RPM) than a two-valve engine, delivering more power. The report consists of the multi valve engine
information.
The report gives detailed information of multi valve engine. The types of multi valve engine.
The three valve engine , Four valve engine, Five valve engine. The developments with examples are
explained.
The advantages and disadvantages are also explained
III

4. INDEX
SR NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
1 TITLE PAGE I
2 CERTIFICATE II
3 ABSTRACT III
4 INTRODUCTION 1-1
5 OBJECTIVES 2-2
6 HISTORY 3-4
7 THREE VALVE ENGINE 5
7.1 DEVELOPMENTS IN 3V ENGINE 6
8 THREE VALVE ENGINE 7
8.1 DEVELOPMENTS IN 4V ENGINE 8
9 THREE VALVE ENGINE 9
9.1 DEVELOPMENTS IN 5V ENGINE 10
10 CONCLUSION 11
11 BIBLIOGRAPHY 12

5. INTRODUCTION
In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than
two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and may be able to operate at higher revolutions per
minute (RPM) than a two-valve engine, delivering more power.
In automotive engineering, an engine is referred to as multi-valve (or multivalve) when each cylinder has
more than two valves.
All tappet-valve, four-stroke internal combustion engines have at least two valves per cylinder - one for
intake of air and fuel, and another for exhaust of combustion products. Adding more valves improves the
flow of intake and exhaust gases, potentially improving combustion efficiency, power, and performance.
Fig a) multivalves
Fig b) multivalve making.
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6. OBJECTIVES
● To understand the multi valve technology.
● To understand the difference between multi and double valve systems.
● To understand the benefits of multi valve systems.
● To understand the working of multi valve technology.
● To know the developments in multi valve technology.
● To know the effects of multi valve on car performance and market
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7. HISTORY
● The first motorcar in the world to have an engine with two overhead camshafts and four valves per
cylinder was the 1912 Peugeot L76 Grand Prix race car designed by Ernest Henry.
● It had 7.6-litre monobloc straight-4 with modern hemispherical combustion chambers produced 148
bhp.
● In April 1913, on the Brooklands racetrack in England, a specially built L76 called "la Torpille"
(torpedo) beat the world speed record of 170 km/h.
Fig c) 1912 Peugeot L76 Grand Prix race car
● In 1916 US automotive magazine Automobile Topics described a four-cylinder,
four-valve-per-cylinder car engine made by Linthwaite-Hussey Motor Co. of Los Angeles, CA, USA:
"Firm offers two models of high-speed motor with twin intakes and exhausts.".
● Bugatti also had developed a 1.5-liter OHV straight-4 with four valves per cylinder as far back as
1914 but did not use this engine until after World War I. It produced appr. 30 bhp (22.4 kW) at 2700
rpm (15.4 kW/liter or 0.34 bhp/cid). In the 1920 Voiturettes Grand Prix at Le Mans driver Ernest
Friderich finished first in a Bugatti Type 13 with the 16-valve engine, averaging 91.96 km/h.
Fig d) 1.5-liter OHV straight-4 with four valves
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8. ● The 1967 Cosworth DFV F1 engine, a NA 3.0-liter V8 producing appr. 400 bhp (298 kW; 406 PS) at
9,000 rpm (101.9 kW/liter), featured four valves per cylinder. For many years it was the dominant
engine in Formula One, and it was also used in other categories, including CART, Formula 3000 and
Sportscar racing.
● The 1975 Chevrolet Cosworth Vega featured a DOHC multi-valve head designed by Cosworth
Engineering in the UK. This 122-cubic-inch straight-4 produced 110 bhp (82 kW; 112 PS) at 5600 rpm
(0.90 bhp/cid; 41.0 kW/liter) and 107 lb⋅ft (145 N⋅m) at 4800 rpm
Fig e)1975 Chevrolet Cosworth Vega chassis
● The 1984 Honda CR-X and 1985 Honda Civic introduced Honda's 1.5-liter SOHC 12-valve straight-4
engines. Nissan's 1988–1992 SOHC KA24E engine had three valves per cylinder (two intakes, one
exhaust) as well. Nissan upgraded to the DOHC after 1992 for some of the sports cars, including the
240SX.
Fig f) cylinder head of 1987 Honda CRX
● The 1993 Mercedes-Benz C-Class (OM604 engine) was the first 4-valve diesel-engined car.
● Yamaha designed the five-valve cylinder head for the Toyota 4A-GE 20V 1991 Silvertop and 1995
Blacktop engine used in some Toyota Corolla.
● 1991-2010 Yamaha TDM and TRX parallel twin motorcycles with 5 valves per cylinder
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9. THREE VALVE ENGINE
▪ The earliest mass production multi-valve engines were 3-valves because of its simple construction - it
needs only a single camshaft to drive both intake valves and the exhaust valve of each cylinder. Today,
there are still some low-end cars using this cheap but less efficient design.
▪ Three valve heads will have two intake and one exhaust valves.
○ Allows for a greater air/fuel charge
○ Lighter valves = higher RPM
○ Greater turbulence generated
Fig f) Three valve head.
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10. DEVELOPMENTS IN THREE VALVE ENGINE
Example Ford and vespa model.
● The carburated Leader LX 150cc is a 2 valve, air cooled engine.
● With the added extra intake valve, and EFI the engine gains 1.5 HP.
● It appears that the new 3-valve, asymmetric combustion chamber design increases volumetric flow
(swirl) during the valve overlap cycle. This is the vortex movement of fresh intake air/fuel charge
pushing the exhaust gases following the power stroke. It helps to scavenge burnt gases from all tiny
crevices inside of the combustion chamber.
● This is not new technology. It has been used by several motorcycle and car manufacturers since the
1970's.
● It is being filtered down to all types of modern engines because of the need to improve efficiency, lower
emissions and increase horsepower.
Fig g) Vespa ford 150 3 valve engine
Fig h) ford 5.4 l 3 valve engine
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11. FOUR VALVE ENGINE
● Today, by far the majority of multi-valve engines employ 4 valves per cylinder.
● Most 4-valve engines employ twin-cam for its obvious benefits, for instance, cross-flow intake/exhaust,
low inertia and friction, and the allowance of independent intake and exhaust variable cam phasing.
● This is the most common type of multi-valve head, with two exhaust valves and two similar (or slightly
larger) inlet valves. This design allows similar breathing as compared to a three-valve head, and as the
small exhaust valves allow high RPM, this design is very suitable for high power outputs.
● This technology incorporates Four Valves, two each of the inlet and exhaust valves in the engine. Thus,
it is different and better than one valve each of inlet & exhaust valves used in conventional engine
design. The engine uses its valves just like the nose. So, two inlet valves means more opening of the
area to suck the air-fuel mixture.
● The two inlet valves increase the area of the air intake. It allows more air-fuel mixture into the cylinder.
Thus, it increases the amount of air than the conventional design. The newer generation engines with
the 4 Valve Technology are now being commonly used in both cars & bikes.
Fig i) four valve engine
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12. DEVELOPMENTS IN FOUR VALVE ENGINE
● The Koso 4V Cylinder Head kit for Honda GROM is the ideal engine part to complete the Koso Honda
GROM Big Bore kit. Because of its unique 4 valve design, the airflow and performance are increased.
This new designed head is the perfect addition for those who desire more power and torque. The 4
Valve Cylinder Head Kit features a forged piston, stainless steel 24 mm intake valves and 20 mm
exhaust valves.
● 4 valve engine cylinder head for Toyota 2L 11101-54050
● Model: 11101-54050 , Car Make: Toyota 2L ,Weight: 28.6kgs
Fig j) four valve engine toyota
Fig k) four valve engine casting
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13. FIVE VALVE ENGINE
Less common is the five-valve head, with two exhaust valves and three inlet valves. All five valves are
similar in size.
This design allows excellent breathing, and, and as every valve is small, high RPM and very high power
outputs are available.
Yamaha was the expert of 5-valve technology. Since it had been using 5-valve technology on its
high-performance motorcycles.
In 1991, it helped Toyota to produce a 1.6-liter 20-valve engine for Corolla Levin (Trueno).
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14. DEVELOPMENT IN FIVE VALVE
This is a set of aluminum cylinder heads off of a 2005 Audi Quattro S4. The engine is 4.2 liters and the heads
have five valves per cylinder. The cylinder heads came in for a valve job & surface along with possible
replacement of the valve guides if they are worn in an effort to reduce the engines oil consumption. A set of
positive viton valve stem seals will definitely be in order upon re-assembly.
Fig L) audi s4 engine (4V)
Yamaha FZR1000 cylinder head and lower engine. The five valves per cylinder aluminum cylinder head a
high performance valve job and surface along with milling . The lower engine case needed the threaded oil
filter boss machined down flush with the o-ring seal surface to accomodate a different oil filter setup.
Fig m) Yamaha FZR1000
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15. ADVANTAGE OF MULTI VALVE ENGINE
● It increases the coverage of valves over the combustion chamber, allowing faster breathing thus
enhancing power at high revolution.
● It allows the spark plug to be positioned in the center of combustion chamber, enabling quicker flame
propagation, more even and more efficient burning.
● Using more but smaller valves instead of two large valves means lower mass for each valve. This
prevent the valves "float" from its designed position at very high rev, thus enabling the engine to rev
higher and make more power as a result.
DISADVANTAGE OF MULTI VALVE ENGINE
● Multi-valve engines use more components, thus they carry more weight and higher costs.
● At low to medium rpm they actually produced less torque than the equivalent 2-valve engines.
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16. CONCLUSION
● The report consists of the detailed information about Multi valve engine.
● The report consists of history of multi valve engine.
● The three valve engine, four valve engine, five valve engine.
● The report gives the complete idea of multi valve engine along with advantages and disadvantages of
multi valve.
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17. BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://motormission.com/yamaha-fzr1000-motorcycle-cylinder-head-valve-job-surfacing-and-engine-ca
se-machining/
https://forums.vwvortex.com/showthread.php?4185973
https://www.promarengine.com/ford-5-4-3v-engine.php
Multivalve Engine - Publisher Society of Automotive Engineers, 1986.
Ultimate American V-3 Engine Data Book- publisher Motorbooks By Peter C. Sessler
MULTI-VALVE AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE bySittiboon Siripornakarachai- researchgate.net

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