Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination and scarring of nerve tissue. It typically affects people in their 20s-40s and is more common in women. Symptoms vary depending on the location of lesions but may include visual problems, numbness, weakness, fatigue and cognitive issues. Diagnosis involves MRI of the brain and spine, lumbar puncture and evoked potential tests. Treatment focuses on reducing relapses and managing symptoms, and may include medications like beta interferons, steroids, and disease-modifying drugs.
3. Autoimmune demyelinating disease of nervous system.
Characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination and
gliosis of nervous tissue.
Clinically it is characterized by Charcot's triad.
Charcot's triad :
Intention tremor
Scanning speech
Nystagmus
INTRODUCTION
sclerosis
Stiffening of a
tissue
4. Age of onset: 20 - 40 years
Females > Males =3:1
Incidence=3.50.000/year
Prevalence
<1 in equatorial region
6-14 in southern U.S & Europe
30-80 in Canada, North Europe & North U.S
INTRODUCTION
EPIDEMIOLOGY
5. ETIOLOGY
Exposure to Virus during early
childhood
Environmental changes
Mutation in HLA, IL2RA, IL7RA
Molecular Mimicry
RISK FACTORS
Vitamin D Deficiency
Smoking
Heredity
12. CLINICAL FEATURES
Early symptoms
Visual disturbance
Paraesthesia
Weakness
Fatigability
Sensory
Paraesthesia's
Numbness
Loss of position &
vibration sense
Pain
80% of patient
Electric shock followed
by burning sensation
Paroxysmal limb pain
Trigeminal neuralgia
Headache
Hyperpathia
21. REFERENCES
PHYSICAL REHABILITATION BY SUSAN O SULLIVAN
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY BY AMINOFF
ADAMS & VICTOR PRINCIPLE OF NEUROLOGY BY ALLAN
HOOPER
NEUROLOGY & NEUROSURGERY ILLUSTRATED BY
LINDSAY