This document discusses various perceptual disorders including their definitions, types, causes, tests used for assessment, and treatment approaches. It covers disorders related to body scheme and image like unilateral neglect. It also discusses agnosia, spatial relation disorders involving figure ground discrimination, form discrimination, and position in space. Other topics include topographic disorientation, depth and distance perception, and vertical disorientation. The document also summarizes visual, auditory and tactile agnosia as well as different types of apraxia such as ideomotor, ideational, and buccofacial apraxia. Remedial, compensatory, sensory integration and neurofunctional approaches are discussed as treatment options.

1. PT MX OF PERCEPTUAL
DISORDERS
KEERTHI PRIYA MPT NEURO,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR.

2. WHAT IS PERCEPTION?

3. Perceptual Disorders

4. Perceptual Disorders
1. Retraining Approach
2. Sensory Integration Approach
3. Neurofunctional Approach
4. Rehabilitative/ Compensatory Approach

5. BODY SCHEME& BODY IMAGE
UNILATERAL NEGLECT:

6. BODY SCHEME & BODY IMAGE
UNILATERAL NEGLECT:
Lesion: Posterio Inferior Parietal Lobe
Test: Bit (Behavioural Inattention Test)
Treatment: Remedial Approach
Compensatory Approach

7. AGNOSIA : Lack of awareness of presence or severity of ones paralysis
Types
I. Somatognosia
II. Right left discrimination
III. Finger agnosia

8. SPATIAL RELATION DISORDERS
Figure Ground Discrimination
Form discrimination
Position In Space
Topographic Disorientation
Depth & Distance Perception
Vertical Disorientation

9. Figure ground discrimination
Inability to distinguish figure from background
Problems to locate things in cupboard
Lesion is in parieto occipital lobe of right hemisphere
Treatment is by remedial & compensatory approach.

10. Form discrimination
Inability to distinguish from and shape
Confuses with regard to things
Lesion is in parieto temporal occipital lobe of right hemisphere
Test is to identify the objects of same shape
Treatment is by remedial & compensatory approach.

11. Spatial relations
Inability to perceive the relationship of one object with respect to other.
Problems with constructional tasking & dressing
Lesion is in inferior parietal lobe or parieto –occipital-temporal junction.
Test : Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery & OT- ADL Neuro Behavioural
Evaluation
Treatment is by remedialapproach.

12. Position In Space
Inability to perceive spatial concepts like up, down, front, back etc
Unable to do overhead movt when asked
Lesion parietal lobe of non dominant hemisphere
Test : shoe & shoe box, tooth brush & cup, tooth brush & comb
Treatment is by retraining approach

13. Topographic Disorientation
Difficulty to understand and remember relationship of one location to other.
Unable to do remember route to a well-known place
Lesion in right retrospenial cortex with compromised Brodmann’s area 30 and
B/L parietal lobe of non dominant hemisphere
Test : to draw a familiar route
Treatment is by compensatory approach

14. Depth & distance perception
Difficulty to perceive depth and inaccurate judgement of direction & distance
Difficulty to navigate stairs, sit in chair
Lesion in posterior right hemisphere in superior visual association area
Test : pour water in a glass, hold the object held in air
Treatment is by compensatory & remedial approach

15. Vertical disorientation
Unable to rule out vertical
Lesion in non dominant parietal lobe
Test : to keep a ruler in vertical position

16. AGNOSIA
•Visual
•Auditory
•Tactile
Types

17. Visual agnosia
Types
Simultanagnosia Prosopagnosia Colour agnosia
 Lesion in occipital temporal & parietal association
 Treatment is by remedial & compensatory
approach

18. Auditory Agnosia
Inability to recognise or discriminate nonspeech sounds
Lesion in temporal lobe of dominant hemisphere
Test is conducted by speech & language pathologist

19. Tactile agnosia
 inability to recognise forms by holding
 Lesion in occipital temporal & parietal association
 Treatment is by remedial & compensatory
approach

20. APRAXIA

21. Types of apraxia
Ideomotor Apraxia
Ideational Apraxia
Buccofacial Apraxia

22. Ideomotor APRAXIA
Discomfort between idea and execution of a movement
Lesion in frontal & parietal lobe of dominant hemisphere
Good glass & kalpan test
Remedial & compensatory approach

23. Ideational APRAXIA
Inability to perform a motor act automatically or on command
Lesion in parietal lobe of dominant hemisphere
Good glass & kalpan test
Remedial & compensatory approach

24. Buccofacial APRAXIA
Inability to perform a motor act with lips, tongue cheeks larynx & pharynx on
command
Lesion in frontal lobe, central opercula anterior insula and temporal gyrus

25. Any query