The document discusses multimedia system technology and hardware devices. It describes multimedia systems as computer-controlled, integrated systems that digitally represent and manipulate multimedia information. Key challenges for multimedia systems include sequencing media correctly and synchronizing audio and video. Desirable features of multimedia systems are high processing power, efficient file systems and I/O, specialized operating systems, large storage and memory, and network support. Components include capture devices, storage, networks, computer systems, and displays. Analog data must be converted to digital form using analog-to-digital converters. Hardware requirements include processing units, memory, USB devices, graphics cards, hard drives, monitors, and external storage.
Digital video has replaced analog video as the preferred method for delivering multimedia content. Video files can be extremely large due to factors like frame rate, image size, and color depth. Common file formats for digital video include AVI, QuickTime, and MP4. Video editing software allows for nonlinear editing with features like transitions, effects, and sound synchronization. Compression techniques help reduce large file sizes, though some quality is lost with lossy compression.
This document discusses digital audio and summarizes key points:
1. Digital audio involves converting sound waves to numerical data that can be easily stored, manipulated and reproduced. It allows for two types of sounds - analog and digital.
2. Characteristics of digital audio include sampling rate, amplitude, channels. Common sampling rates are 11.025KHz, 22.5KHz and 44.1KHz. File size is calculated based on these characteristics.
3. Popular audio file formats include WAV, AIFF, MP3, AAC which allow for compression. MIDI stores musical data separately from audio and allows for editing of notes.
A multimedia project requires a team with diverse skills, known as the multimedia skillset. These teams consist of roles like project managers, designers, programmers, writers, and specialists in areas like video and audio. Each team member has specific responsibilities to ensure the project is successfully developed, such as project managers coordinating the team and designers creating visuals and interfaces.
The document discusses adding sound to multimedia projects. It covers digital audio, MIDI audio, audio file formats, and basic sound editing. Some key points:
- Digital audio is created by sampling sound waves and storing the data as bits and bytes. MIDI represents musical notes but not actual sound.
- Common audio file formats include WAV, AIFF, MP3, M4A. Lossy formats like MP3 save space but reduce quality slightly.
- Basic sound editing includes trimming, splicing, adjusting volume, and applying effects like fading and equalization.
- When adding sound, consider file size versus quality and set proper recording levels for a clean recording. The needs of the audience determine the
Sound is created by vibrations that travel through a medium like air as sound waves. It has two main characteristics - frequency determines pitch, and amplitude determines loudness. Digital audio involves sampling an analog sound wave into discrete numeric samples at a certain rate. MIDI data provides instructions for synthesizing music rather than storing actual sound samples. When adding audio to multimedia projects, the file format, playback capabilities, and intended function of the sound must be considered.
Multimedia is the use of multiple media types such as text, audio, graphics, animation, video and interactivity to convey information. Images are made up of pixels, which are tiny dots that make up the image. The number of pixels and bits per pixel determine image resolution and color depth. Data compression is used to reduce file sizes, and can be either lossless, preserving all image data, or lossy, which discards some data. Common graphic file formats include BMP, GIF and JPEG, which use different compression schemes and are better suited for different types of images. Sound formats include MIDI, MP3, WAV and others that support different capabilities. Multimedia on the web can include animation, streaming audio and
This document discusses digital audio technology. It covers characteristics of sound and how it is digitized. Digital audio systems allow editing of audio through techniques like trimming and volume adjustments. Common audio file formats are also described like WAV, AIFF, and MIDI. The document explains how audio is used to enhance multimedia applications and manage software functions.
Digital video has replaced analog video as the preferred method for delivering multimedia content. Video files can be extremely large due to factors like frame rate, image size, and color depth. Common file formats for digital video include AVI, QuickTime, and MP4. Video editing software allows for nonlinear editing with features like transitions, effects, and sound synchronization. Compression techniques help reduce large file sizes, though some quality is lost with lossy compression.
This document discusses digital audio and summarizes key points:
1. Digital audio involves converting sound waves to numerical data that can be easily stored, manipulated and reproduced. It allows for two types of sounds - analog and digital.
2. Characteristics of digital audio include sampling rate, amplitude, channels. Common sampling rates are 11.025KHz, 22.5KHz and 44.1KHz. File size is calculated based on these characteristics.
3. Popular audio file formats include WAV, AIFF, MP3, AAC which allow for compression. MIDI stores musical data separately from audio and allows for editing of notes.
A multimedia project requires a team with diverse skills, known as the multimedia skillset. These teams consist of roles like project managers, designers, programmers, writers, and specialists in areas like video and audio. Each team member has specific responsibilities to ensure the project is successfully developed, such as project managers coordinating the team and designers creating visuals and interfaces.
The document discusses adding sound to multimedia projects. It covers digital audio, MIDI audio, audio file formats, and basic sound editing. Some key points:
- Digital audio is created by sampling sound waves and storing the data as bits and bytes. MIDI represents musical notes but not actual sound.
- Common audio file formats include WAV, AIFF, MP3, M4A. Lossy formats like MP3 save space but reduce quality slightly.
- Basic sound editing includes trimming, splicing, adjusting volume, and applying effects like fading and equalization.
- When adding sound, consider file size versus quality and set proper recording levels for a clean recording. The needs of the audience determine the
Sound is created by vibrations that travel through a medium like air as sound waves. It has two main characteristics - frequency determines pitch, and amplitude determines loudness. Digital audio involves sampling an analog sound wave into discrete numeric samples at a certain rate. MIDI data provides instructions for synthesizing music rather than storing actual sound samples. When adding audio to multimedia projects, the file format, playback capabilities, and intended function of the sound must be considered.
Multimedia is the use of multiple media types such as text, audio, graphics, animation, video and interactivity to convey information. Images are made up of pixels, which are tiny dots that make up the image. The number of pixels and bits per pixel determine image resolution and color depth. Data compression is used to reduce file sizes, and can be either lossless, preserving all image data, or lossy, which discards some data. Common graphic file formats include BMP, GIF and JPEG, which use different compression schemes and are better suited for different types of images. Sound formats include MIDI, MP3, WAV and others that support different capabilities. Multimedia on the web can include animation, streaming audio and
This document discusses digital audio technology. It covers characteristics of sound and how it is digitized. Digital audio systems allow editing of audio through techniques like trimming and volume adjustments. Common audio file formats are also described like WAV, AIFF, and MIDI. The document explains how audio is used to enhance multimedia applications and manage software functions.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This document discusses various types of images used in multimedia. It describes bitmaps, which are raster images made up of pixels that can depict fine detail but require more storage. Vector images use mathematical formulas to describe geometric objects and require less storage but cannot depict photographs. 3D modeling uses vector graphics in three dimensions. Color is created through additive processes for screens and subtractive for print. File types like JPEG, GIF, and PNG are cited for different image needs.
The document introduces multimedia and its uses. It defines multimedia as using more than one media element, such as text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Most multimedia is digitized and interactive, allowing users some control over the content. It is used in business, education, entertainment and on the internet. Careers in multimedia include positions in management, production, art, content and support.
This document discusses multimedia and characterizes different types of media. It defines multimedia as any system that supports more than one type of media, such as text, graphics, speech, and music. Continuous media like audio and video are described as having a time component, whereas discrete media like text and images do not. The document also outlines properties of multimedia systems, including the combination of different media types, the independence of each media, computer-supported integration, and use as a communication system. Characteristics of continuous data streams, such as inter-packet intervals and packet size variation, are also covered.
This document discusses the hardware components needed for multimedia production. It outlines the main components as the processing unit (CPU and GPU), memory (RAM and ROM), graphics card, external storage devices (HDD, SSD, optical discs like CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray), and cameras. It provides details on the latest and best CPU and GPU options from Intel, AMD, and Nvidia. It also explains the differences between various external storage types and optical discs.
This document defines multimedia and its basic elements. It discusses the components of multimedia including text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. It also covers multimedia delivery methods, Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience theory, linear and non-linear interactivity types, and the hardware and software used to create multimedia projects.
This document discusses digital video, including its sources, types, and characteristics. Digital video combines graphics and audio to create dynamic content. It can originate from video cameras, film, or animation. There are different types of analog video formats like NTSC, PAL, and SECAM, as well as component video formats. Digital video solves issues with analog by providing an identical digital representation without generation loss. The main characteristics of digital video are frame rate, frame size, and color depth.
This document provides an overview of different categories of multimedia software tools, including music sequencing and notation tools like Cakewalk and Cubase, digital audio tools like Cool Edit and Sound Forge, graphics and image editing tools like Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, video editing tools like Adobe Premiere and Final Cut Pro, animation tools like 3D Studio Max and Softimage XSI, and multimedia authoring tools like Macromedia Flash and Director. Within each category, several popular software options are listed along with brief descriptions.
Multimedia involves integrating different types of digital media like text, graphics, images, audio and video. A multimedia system processes multimedia data using a computer and digitally represents all information. It has an interactive interface and integrated components. Multimedia applications include interpersonal communication using video calls, interactive websites, and entertainment like video on demand.
The document discusses sound and audio for multimedia projects. It covers digital audio, MIDI audio, audio file formats, and how to incorporate sound into multimedia projects. Some key points include: MIDI represents musical instructions while digital audio is recorded sound; digital audio is device independent but MIDI depends on the playback hardware; common audio editing tasks involve trimming, splicing, and adjusting volume; and file size must be balanced with audio quality for digital files.
The document discusses various file formats for different types of digital files. It begins by defining what a file format is and how it specifies how information is encoded for storage. It then provides examples of common image, audio, video, and text file formats. For each type of file, it lists some of the most popular specific formats like JPEG, PNG, MP3, WAV, AVI, DOC, HTML, and PDF. It provides brief descriptions of each format including what they are called, their file extensions, how they compress or store data, browser support, and common uses. The document serves to introduce and compare some of the most widely used file formats.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses how internetworking connects local area networks and wide area networks using TCP/IP protocols. The domain name system assigns names and addresses to networked computers. The document outlines various Internet services like email, file transfer, and the World Wide Web. It also describes tools used to access and develop content on the World Wide Web, including web servers, browsers, search engines, and multimedia plugins.
This document discusses text and fonts. It defines text as the simplest data type used to communicate ideas and facts. It describes the different elements of text, such as alphabet characters, numbers, and special characters. It also discusses the different types of text, including unformatted, formatted, and hypertext. The document then defines fonts and typefaces, and includes terminology like baseline, leading, x-height, and serifs. It classifies fonts and describes font styles. Overall, the document provides an overview of text and the technical aspects of fonts.
Get presentations like this: https://www.fiverr.com/mdnaziurrahman/make-professional-looking-powerpoint-presentation
Are you looking for a proper presentation based on Multimedia and Graphics? I m bringing you to make the concept clear about the topic. Have a look at the presentation and try to get ideas from it. Hope it will help you.
The document discusses various aspects of video systems and design, including how video works, different broadcast standards, analog and digital video formats, video recording tape formats, shooting and editing video, and optimizing video files. It provides details on video compression standards like MPEG and considerations for integrating video into multimedia projects. Overall, the document serves as a guide for understanding video technology and best practices for using video effectively in multimedia design.
The document discusses hardware and software used in multimedia systems. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like the CPU, monitor, and video grabbing card. Software is defined as written instructions that control hardware like operating systems, applications, and programs. The latest hardware includes powerful computers with Intel Core i7 processors and Nvidia graphics cards, high-resolution monitors, and Nikon cameras. Popular multimedia software mentioned are Adobe Creative Cloud applications, Microsoft PowerPoint, BlueStacks for playing mobile games on PC, VirtualDJ for DJ mixing, and AVS Video Editor.
The document provides an overview of basic hardware and software concepts, including:
1) It describes digital and analog devices, and gives examples of each. Digital devices use discrete data while analog operates on continuously varying data.
2) The main components of a computer are described as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. Examples of each type of device are provided.
3) Different types of computer platforms, operating systems, and issues of compatibility across platforms are discussed. Understanding which platform a computer uses is important for purchasing software.
The document provides an overview of basic hardware and software concepts, including:
1) It describes digital and analog devices, and gives examples of each.
2) It lists and explains common computer hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices.
3) It discusses different types of storage technology, operating systems, and computer platforms.
4) It introduces basic network concepts like LANs, WANs, servers, and protocols.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This document discusses various types of images used in multimedia. It describes bitmaps, which are raster images made up of pixels that can depict fine detail but require more storage. Vector images use mathematical formulas to describe geometric objects and require less storage but cannot depict photographs. 3D modeling uses vector graphics in three dimensions. Color is created through additive processes for screens and subtractive for print. File types like JPEG, GIF, and PNG are cited for different image needs.
The document introduces multimedia and its uses. It defines multimedia as using more than one media element, such as text, graphics, sound, animation and video. Most multimedia is digitized and interactive, allowing users some control over the content. It is used in business, education, entertainment and on the internet. Careers in multimedia include positions in management, production, art, content and support.
This document discusses multimedia and characterizes different types of media. It defines multimedia as any system that supports more than one type of media, such as text, graphics, speech, and music. Continuous media like audio and video are described as having a time component, whereas discrete media like text and images do not. The document also outlines properties of multimedia systems, including the combination of different media types, the independence of each media, computer-supported integration, and use as a communication system. Characteristics of continuous data streams, such as inter-packet intervals and packet size variation, are also covered.
This document discusses the hardware components needed for multimedia production. It outlines the main components as the processing unit (CPU and GPU), memory (RAM and ROM), graphics card, external storage devices (HDD, SSD, optical discs like CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray), and cameras. It provides details on the latest and best CPU and GPU options from Intel, AMD, and Nvidia. It also explains the differences between various external storage types and optical discs.
This document defines multimedia and its basic elements. It discusses the components of multimedia including text, graphics, animation, audio, and video. It also covers multimedia delivery methods, Edgar Dale's Cone of Experience theory, linear and non-linear interactivity types, and the hardware and software used to create multimedia projects.
This document discusses digital video, including its sources, types, and characteristics. Digital video combines graphics and audio to create dynamic content. It can originate from video cameras, film, or animation. There are different types of analog video formats like NTSC, PAL, and SECAM, as well as component video formats. Digital video solves issues with analog by providing an identical digital representation without generation loss. The main characteristics of digital video are frame rate, frame size, and color depth.
This document provides an overview of different categories of multimedia software tools, including music sequencing and notation tools like Cakewalk and Cubase, digital audio tools like Cool Edit and Sound Forge, graphics and image editing tools like Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator, video editing tools like Adobe Premiere and Final Cut Pro, animation tools like 3D Studio Max and Softimage XSI, and multimedia authoring tools like Macromedia Flash and Director. Within each category, several popular software options are listed along with brief descriptions.
Multimedia involves integrating different types of digital media like text, graphics, images, audio and video. A multimedia system processes multimedia data using a computer and digitally represents all information. It has an interactive interface and integrated components. Multimedia applications include interpersonal communication using video calls, interactive websites, and entertainment like video on demand.
The document discusses sound and audio for multimedia projects. It covers digital audio, MIDI audio, audio file formats, and how to incorporate sound into multimedia projects. Some key points include: MIDI represents musical instructions while digital audio is recorded sound; digital audio is device independent but MIDI depends on the playback hardware; common audio editing tasks involve trimming, splicing, and adjusting volume; and file size must be balanced with audio quality for digital files.
The document discusses various file formats for different types of digital files. It begins by defining what a file format is and how it specifies how information is encoded for storage. It then provides examples of common image, audio, video, and text file formats. For each type of file, it lists some of the most popular specific formats like JPEG, PNG, MP3, WAV, AVI, DOC, HTML, and PDF. It provides brief descriptions of each format including what they are called, their file extensions, how they compress or store data, browser support, and common uses. The document serves to introduce and compare some of the most widely used file formats.
This is the subject slides for the module MMS2401 - Multimedia System and Communication taught in Shepherd College of Media Technology, Affiliated with Purbanchal University.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of the Internet. It discusses how internetworking connects local area networks and wide area networks using TCP/IP protocols. The domain name system assigns names and addresses to networked computers. The document outlines various Internet services like email, file transfer, and the World Wide Web. It also describes tools used to access and develop content on the World Wide Web, including web servers, browsers, search engines, and multimedia plugins.
This document discusses text and fonts. It defines text as the simplest data type used to communicate ideas and facts. It describes the different elements of text, such as alphabet characters, numbers, and special characters. It also discusses the different types of text, including unformatted, formatted, and hypertext. The document then defines fonts and typefaces, and includes terminology like baseline, leading, x-height, and serifs. It classifies fonts and describes font styles. Overall, the document provides an overview of text and the technical aspects of fonts.
Get presentations like this: https://www.fiverr.com/mdnaziurrahman/make-professional-looking-powerpoint-presentation
Are you looking for a proper presentation based on Multimedia and Graphics? I m bringing you to make the concept clear about the topic. Have a look at the presentation and try to get ideas from it. Hope it will help you.
The document discusses various aspects of video systems and design, including how video works, different broadcast standards, analog and digital video formats, video recording tape formats, shooting and editing video, and optimizing video files. It provides details on video compression standards like MPEG and considerations for integrating video into multimedia projects. Overall, the document serves as a guide for understanding video technology and best practices for using video effectively in multimedia design.
The document discusses hardware and software used in multimedia systems. It defines hardware as the physical components of a computer like the CPU, monitor, and video grabbing card. Software is defined as written instructions that control hardware like operating systems, applications, and programs. The latest hardware includes powerful computers with Intel Core i7 processors and Nvidia graphics cards, high-resolution monitors, and Nikon cameras. Popular multimedia software mentioned are Adobe Creative Cloud applications, Microsoft PowerPoint, BlueStacks for playing mobile games on PC, VirtualDJ for DJ mixing, and AVS Video Editor.
The document provides an overview of basic hardware and software concepts, including:
1) It describes digital and analog devices, and gives examples of each. Digital devices use discrete data while analog operates on continuously varying data.
2) The main components of a computer are described as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. Examples of each type of device are provided.
3) Different types of computer platforms, operating systems, and issues of compatibility across platforms are discussed. Understanding which platform a computer uses is important for purchasing software.
The document provides an overview of basic hardware and software concepts, including:
1) It describes digital and analog devices, and gives examples of each.
2) It lists and explains common computer hardware components like the CPU, memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices.
3) It discusses different types of storage technology, operating systems, and computer platforms.
4) It introduces basic network concepts like LANs, WANs, servers, and protocols.
The document provides an overview of hardware and software basics, describing key components of computers including digital and analog devices, computer hardware such as the CPU and memory, storage technologies, input and output devices, networks, operating systems, application software, programming languages, and instructional support technologies. It compares and contrasts different types of hardware and software and discusses tradeoffs between options like speed versus cost and capacity versus cost.
The document provides an overview of hardware and software basics, describing key components of computers including digital and analog devices, computer hardware such as the CPU and memory, storage technologies, input and output devices, networks, operating systems, application software, programming languages, and instructional support technologies. It compares and contrasts different types of hardware and software and discusses tradeoffs between options like speed vs cost and capacity vs cost.
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer including input devices, output devices, storage devices, and the central processing unit (CPU). The CPU consists of the arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) which performs calculations, the control unit which coordinates data flow, and register storage areas. Memory and storage devices such as RAM, ROM, magnetic disks, tapes, and solid state drives are used to store instructions and data with capacities measured in bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and larger units. Input devices allow entering data and instructions while output devices such as monitors, printers, and speakers allow viewing and sharing the computer's output.
The document provides an overview of hardware and software basics. It defines digital and analog devices, and describes the main components of computer hardware including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. It also discusses operating systems, application software, programming languages, and instructional support resources. The document aims to describe the appropriate use of technology components and explain differences between analog and digital systems.
A computer is an electronic device that receives input, processes data, and produces output. It has 3 main components: hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware refers to the physical parts like the system unit, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. Software is the set of instructions that guides the hardware, including system software and application software. Peopleware refers to the people who work with and operate computers, such as programmers, analysts, engineers, technicians, and users.
The document provides an overview of basic hardware and software concepts. It describes the differences between digital and analog devices, and lists common computer hardware components like the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. It also discusses operating systems, application software, microcomputer platforms, and basic computer networking concepts.
General Information About Information Technologiestechgajanan
The document provides definitions for various information technology terms from A-D, including:
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This document provides an overview of the basic hardware components of a personal computer, including input devices, the processing unit, storage devices, and output devices. It discusses what each component is and examples such as keyboards, mice, and monitors as input devices; CPUs from Intel and AMD as the processing unit; hard disks, flash drives, and DVDs as storage devices; and monitors, printers, and speakers as output devices. It also provides some specifications and considerations for different components.
This document summarizes common computer storage, output, and communication hardware. It describes storage units like bits, bytes, kilobytes and larger units. Primary storage is RAM, and secondary storage includes tape, diskettes, hard disks, optical disks, solid state drives, and flash drives. Output devices are monitors that provide a soft copy and printers that provide a hard copy. Communication hardware allows connection between computers, like modems over phone lines, fax-modems, network interface cards, and wireless network cards.
ICT, Basic of Computer, Hardware, Various parts of computer hardware, What is...Kaushal Mehta
This document defines and categorizes the basic hardware components of a computer system, including the central processing unit, memory, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. It describes the function of each component and provides examples. Hardware refers to the physical and electromechanical parts of a computer system, which are categorized based on the basic operations they perform.
Computer hardware servicing 102 chapter3 PC OverviewGreyzie Gonzales
The document provides an overview of the key components inside a personal computer. It discusses the system unit which houses the main components including the motherboard, processor, memory, video card, sound card, ports, drive bays, and power supply. The processor executes instructions to perform tasks while the memory temporarily stores data and instructions. Other components like the hard disk, video card, and monitor allow for permanent storage, graphics processing, and visual output.
This document provides information about computer hardware and software components. It defines key terms like input and output devices, processors, memory, storage, ports, networking, and file management. The document explains concepts such as resolution, file formats, and how to save, export, import and merge files. It provides details on various hardware components that make up a computer system.
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This document provides an overview of computer hardware and software components. It discusses the basic definition of a computer and its components including the CPU, memory, storage, input/output devices, and networks. It also covers operating systems, application software, and basic computer functions like file management and email. The document is intended as an introductory information resource for computer users and management.
The document provides an overview of key computer hardware components, including input and output devices, the central processing unit, memory types, storage devices, ports, and peripherals. It also covers software concepts like operating systems, file formats, and computer memory units. Computer networks and multimedia software are briefly discussed.
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Multimedia system and hardware devices
1. Shiv Shankar Institute of Engineering &
Technology,patti
Multimedia System Technology and Hardware Devices
2. Multimedia System Technology
Multimedia Systems
A Multimedia System is a system capable of processing multimedia data and
applications.
A Multimedia System is characterised by the processing, storage, generation,
manipulation and rendition of Multimedia information.
Characteristics of a Multimedia System
A Multimedia system has four basic characteristics:
1. Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
2. Multimedia systems are integrated.
3. The information they handle must be represented digitally.
4. The interface to the final presentation of media is usually interactive.
3. Challenges for Multimedia Systems
There 2 are forms of problems here
1. Sequencing within the media -- playing frames in correct order/time frame in video
2.Synchronisation -- inter-media scheduling (e.g. Video and Audio). Lip
synchronisation is clearly important for humans to watch playback of video and audio
and even animation and audio. Ever tried watching an out of (lip) sync film for a long
time?
The key issues multimedia systems need to deal with here are:
How to represent and store temporal information.
How to strictly maintain the temporal relationships on play back/retrieval
What process are involved in the above.
4. Desirable Features for a Multimedia System
Very High Processing Power
-- needed to deal with large data processing and real time delivery of media. Special hardware commonplace.
Multimedia Capable File System
-- needed to deliver real-time media -- e.g. Video/Audio Streaming. Special Hardware/Software needed e.g
RAID technology.
Data Representations/File Formats that support multimedia
-- Data representations/file formats should be easy to handle yet allow for compression/decompression in real-
time.
Efficient and High I/O
-- input and output to the file subsystem needs to be efficient and fast. Needs to allow for real-time recording
as well as playback of data. e.g. Direct to Disk recording systems.
Special Operating System
-- to allow access to file system and process data efficiently and quickly. Needs to support direct transfers to
disk, real-time scheduling, fast interrupt processing, I/O streaming etc.
5. Storage and Memory
-- large storage units (of the order of 50 -100 Gb or more) and large memory (50 -100 Mb or more). Large
Caches also required and frequently of Level 2 and 3 hierarchy for efficient management.
Network Support
-- Client-server systems common as distributed systems common.
Software Tools
-- user friendly tools needed to handle media, design and develop applications, deliver media.
6. Components of a Multimedia System
Now let us consider the Components (Hardware and Software) required for a multimedia system:
Capture devices
-- Video Camera, Video Recorder, Audio Microphone, Keyboards, mice, graphics tablets, 3D input devices,
tactile sensors, VR devices. Digitising/Sampling Hardware
Storage Devices
-- Hard disks, CD-ROMs, Jaz/Zip drives, DVD, etc
Communication Networks
-- Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, ATM, Intranets, Internets.
Computer Systems
-- Multimedia Desktop machines, Workstations, MPEG/VIDEO/DSP Hardware
Display Devices
-- CD-quality speakers, HDTV,SVGA, Hi-Res monitors, Colour printers etc.
7. ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL DATA
The need for multimedia rich data has been greatly and rapidly increasing and this type
of data requires high processing power and memory. Not only that, if the data is in a non-
digital or analogue form, it has first to be converted into a digitised form.
Initially multimedia data has been stored in the form of bits and bytes. For this data to
be processed and stored digitally, it must first be changed from its original analogue
signals into digital ones. From the nature of the process you can guess what the process is
called - the analogue-to-digital conversion.
Figure 2.1 shows the graph of the data value over time for analogue and digital signals.
8. The process of obtaining digital data from its analogue form is called digital processing.
The most common situation where digital processing is involved is the digital audio
processing. This process uses a converter called Digital-to- Analogue Converter (DAC). On
the other hand, the reverse process needs an Analogue-to-Digital Converter (ADC).
Figure 2.2 shows the process involved in transforming a digital signal to analogue and
vice-versa.
Figure 2.2: Process of transforming digital signal to analogue and vice-versa
9. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
Multimedia hardware requirements consist of the following items:
(a)The processing unit;
(b)The memory;
(c)Universal Serial Bus (USB) Device;
(d)Graphics Card and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU);
(e)Hard drive;
(f)Monitor;
(g)External storage and optical device.
2.2.1 Processing Unit
I am sure you agree that the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the most important
component of a computer. Think of how important the brain is to us. The CPU works like a
brain.
10. Some of the more popular CPU brands in todayÊs market are AMD (Advance Micro
Device) and Intel. The CPU is also known as a processor or microprocessor.
The functions of the CPU are as follows (Table 2.1):
Have you ever seen the inside of the CPU case of your computer? If you have, you would probably have
found it similar to the following Figure 2.3.
12. Memory
Computer memory or normally just referred to as the „memory is the computer
recording component that retains digital data on your computer. Primary storage (the
Random Access Memory or RAM) system is volatile or unstable; therefore we cannot
rely on it for our files to be saved once we shut down the computer. To overcome this
shortcoming, we need other secondary memory peripherals such as a hard disk or hard
drive. This permanent storage ensures that our file or data is saved inside the computer.
In terms of RAM, the most current desktop computer uses the Double Data Rate
Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDR SDRAM). This type of memory is
far better compared to the preceding Single Data Rate SDRAM (SDR SDRAM) or
commonly known as just SDRAM. Now we have the DDR2 SDRAM
- its transfer rate is almost double that of the (SDR) SDRAM.
13. Universal Serial Bus (USB) Device
The computing term „bus‰ stands for Bi-directional Universal Switch (which in a way is
not quite different from our normal understanding of the bus used for travelling). The term
bus in computing systems refers to the system that transfers data between computer
components or between computers. Now, to transfer data between computers, a standard
interface between the computer devices or peripherals is needed. This is where the USB or
Universal Serial Bus is required – it is a serial bus standard to interface with a series of
computer devices or peripherals. USB is a new personal computer interconnection protocol.
The USB allows us to connect our computer devices such as the digital camera, thumb
drive, and printer using a standardised socket. We just simply need to plug these devices
into our PC USB port. The USB has been developed so that we can connect these peripheral
devices to our computers easily and efficiently.
14. Graphics Card and Graphical Processing Unit (GPU)
The function of a graphics card is to generate better output images on a monitor. This
card is normally a separate card that we plug into an expansion slot in our computer
motherboard. Some graphics cards offer added functionalities such as video capture. This
card is not only for PC, but also for other platforms such as the Apple Macintosh.
Higher-end graphics cards were released in the late 90s following a higher demand for
3D display. „Voodoo‰ cards by 3dfx and TNT and TNT2 by NVIDIA were among the early
ones marketed. Figure 2.4 is an example of a graphics card.
15. Hard Drive
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile storage device we find in almost all computers. It
stores digital data on rotating platters with magnetic surfaces. The magnetic hard disk drive has
undergone immeasurable technological development since it was introduced over 50 years or so
ago. The top HDD manufacturers today are Seagate and Western Digital.
HDD is typically a sealed unit attached to your computer motherboard components. Nowadays
applications of HDDs have extended beyond computers. Versions of HD can now be found in our
personal digital assistants (PDAs) and digital cameras.
Technically - to read and write on the surface of the disks - the drive uses a small electro-magnet
assembly referred to as the „head‰. We can estimate the capacity or size of a hard disk in terms of
gigabytes (previously in megabytes). In terms of data transfer rate, it ranges from 44.2 MB/s to
111.4 MB/s. Its random access time ranges from 5 ms to 15 ms.
The physical size of the hard disk in our desktop PC is 3.5 inches wide. Figure 2.6 shows the
dismantled component of a hard disk.
17. Monitor
A monitor keeps us informed of the result of the computing process that we want.
Many kinds of monitors have been designed over the past two decades. Traditionally, the
main component of a monitor was the Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) used in traditional TVs.
Nowadays we have the flat panel displays which are much lighter and thinner than
traditional monitors. Its thickness is usually less than 10 cm thick.
Over the last few years a new type of screen monitor came into the market. Called the
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor, it is a thin and flat display device, unlike the old
bulky CRT monitor. LCD monitors also use the three standard colours for monitor display -
red, green, and blue (RGB). However, one of the setbacks of the LCD monitor system is its
heavy electric power consumption, especially when interactive applications such as games
are running.
A better version of the LCD is the Thin Film Transistor Liquid Crystal Display (TFT
LCD). A variation of the LCD, it uses a thin film transistor technology that improves image
quality. TFT-LCD is utilised in the flat panel screen of our laptops.
18. External Storage and Optical Device
Multimedia projects or applications need high volume files; therefore a large and
suitable storage technology is needed to fulfil the need. Various storage technologies that
support different levels of multimedia applications are available. Some examples are as
follows:
(a)Compact Disk-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)
CD-ROMs, which use laser beam technology instead of magnetic technology for hard
disks, have capabilities to store up to 600MB data. Being excellent multimedia storage
devices due to their robustness and low costs, they are commonly used to store data and
audio files.
(b)Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and High Density DVD (HD-DVD)
The Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) has a far better capacity than the CD for storing data.
DVD is therefore a very feasible storage device if you need to store huge multimedia
applications such as interactive movies or games. Double-sided dual layer DVD
supports up to 17 Gigabytes of data. However dual layer High Density DVD (HD-DVD)
supports much more - up to 30 Gigabytes of data.