A computer is an electronic device that receives input, processes data, and produces output. It has 3 main components: hardware, software, and peopleware. Hardware refers to the physical parts like the system unit, storage devices, input devices, and output devices. Software is the set of instructions that guides the hardware, including system software and application software. Peopleware refers to the people who work with and operate computers, such as programmers, analysts, engineers, technicians, and users.

1. of the

2. ?
What is
a computer?

3. A computer is an electronic device
that receives data (input), processes
data into information (process), and
produces a result (output) and stores
data (storage).

4. HARDWARE PEOPLEWARE
SOFTWARE
3 COMPONENTS OF THE COMPUTER

5. Hardware
 the physical, electronic and mechanical
parts of a computer system.

7. Major Hardware Components of a
computer:
 System Unit
 Input Devices
 Output Devices
 Network Devices
 Storage Devices

8. 1. System Unit
This is the main part of a
microcomputer, and is
sometimes called the
chassis.

9. The system unit is composed of the following:
Motherboard, Main board or System Board
This is the main circuit board of a computer. It
contains all the circuits and components that run the
computer.

10. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The processor is the “brain” or “heart” of a
computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed
and manages the flow of information through
a computer.

11. Primary Storage
(internal storage, main memory or memory) is
the computer's working storage space that
holds data, instructions for processing and
processed data (information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage. Physically, primary
storage is a collection of RAM chips.

12. Two Types of Memory
Read Only Memory (ROM) –is non-volatile,
meaning it holds data even when the power is on
or off.
Random Access Memory (RAM) –is volatile,
meaning it holds data only when the power is on.
When the power is off, data stored in the RAM
are lost.

13. Expansion Bus
A bus is a data pathway between several
hardware components inside or outside a
computer. It does not only connect the parts
of the CPU to each other, but also links the
CPU with other hardware

14. Adapter
These are printed circuit boards (also called
interface cards) that enable the computer to
use a peripheral device for which it does not
have the necessary connections or circuit
boards. They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different hardware.

15. Power Supply Unit (PSU)
This is installed in the back corner of the PC
case, next to the motherboard. It converts
220 Volts AC (standard house power) into DC
voltages that are used by other components
in the PC.

16. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Also known as hard drive, this is a magnetic
storage device that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is used as
permanent storage for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is usually configured
as the C: drive and contains the operating
system and applications.

17. Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses
lasers to read data on optical media. There
are three types of optical media: Compact
Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and
Blu-ray Disc (BD).

18. Computer Case
The computer case serves mainly as a way to
physically mount and contain all of the actual
computer components. Cases typically come
bundled with a power supply unit (PSU).

19. 2. Input Device
 These devices accept data and instructions
from the user or from another computer
system.

20. Two Types of Input Devices:
 Keyboard Entry
 Data is entered to the computer through a
keyboard.
Keyboard – this is the first input device
developed for the PC.
 Direct Entry
 A form of input that does not require data to be
entered through a keyboard. Direct-entry
devices create machine readable data on
paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into
the CPU.

21. Three Types of Direct Entry Devices:
 Pointing Device
 An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen
○ Mouse
The most common pointing device used in
PCs.
○ Touchscreen
A display screen that is sensitive to the
touch of a finger or stylus.

22. Light Pen
A light-sensitive stylus that is connected to a
video terminal and is used to draw pictures or
select menu options.
Digitizer Tablet
A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old ones. Also called a
graphics tablet.

23.  Scanning Device
 A device that can read text or illustrations
printed on paper or other means and
translates the information into a form the
computer can use.

24.  Digital Cameras
 these takes images and save them in
electronic format, which a computer can
then process

25.  Voice Input Device
 These are audio input devices and are also
known as speech or voice recognition
systems. They allow a user to send audio
signals to a computer for processing,
recording, or carrying out commands.

26. 3. Output Device
 Any piece of computer hardware that
displays results after the computer has
processed the input data that has been
entered.
 Computer Display Monitors
It displays information in visual form, using text and
graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays the
information is called the screen or video display
terminal.

27. Types of Monitor
 Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) Monitors
were one of the earliest types of displays for
use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big
(14 inches to 16 inches deep) and heavy (over
15 pounds).

28.  Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors
Technology has been used in laptops for some
time. It has recently been made commercially
available as monitors for desktop PCs.

29.  Light Emitting Diode (LED) Monitors
An LED monitor is a flat screen device in which
an array of light-emitting diodes can be selectively
activated to display numerical and alphabetical
information. LED is used in pocket calculators, digital
timepieces, measuring instruments, and in some
microcomputers.

30.  LCD Projectors
This utilizes two sheets of polarizing material with
a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric
current passed through the liquid causes the
crystals to align so that light cannot pass through
them.

31.  Smart Board
A type of display screen that has a touch-
sensitive transparent panel covering the screen,
which is similar to a touch screen.

32.  Printer
A device that prints text or illustrations on
paper, boards, canvases, and other media.
Types of Printer
○ Ink jet or Bubble jet
This type of printer sprays ink at a sheet of
paper. Inkjet printers produce high-quality text
and graphics.

33.  Laser
This printer uses the same technology
as copy machines. Laser printers produce
very high quality text and graphics

34. ○ LCD and LED
This printer is similar to a laser printer, but
uses liquid crystals or light-emitting diodes
(LED) rather than a laser to produce an image
on the drum.

35. ○ Line
This printer contains a chain of characters or
pins that prints an entire line at one time. Line
printers are very fast, but produce low-quality
print.

36. ○ Thermal
This is an inexpensive printer that works by
pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive
paper. Thermal printers are widely used in
calculators and fax machines

37. ○ 3D Printing
The latest in the world of technology.
Otherwise known as Additive manufacturing, the
way it works is similar to a laser printer. The
technique builds a solid object from a series of
layers each one printed directly on top of the
previous one.

38.  Speakers
These are used to play sound. They may be
built into the system unit or connected with
cables. Speakers allow you to listen to music
and hear sound effects from your computer.

39. 4. Network Devices
These are communication equipment that is
connected to the computer to provide local
area network (LAN), metropolitan area
network (MAN) or wide area network (WAN)
access.

40.  Router
A device that forwards data packets along
networks. A router is connected to at least two
networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a
LAN and its Internet Service Provider (ISP)
network. Routers are located at gateways, the
places where two or more networks connect.

41.  Switch or Switch Hub
In networks, this device filters and forwards data
packets between LAN segments.

42. 5. Storage Device
 refers to devices that are capable of storing
data. This usually refers to mass storage
devices, such as disk and tape drives.

43.  Hard Drive
This stores the operating system, applications,
and files and folders created by users of the
computer. This can be an internal hard drive
which is an integral part of the system unit or
an external hard drive which comes with a
USB data connector or cable.

44.  Flash Drive
also known as flash disk or USB drive, this
portable device stores data in a small, mobile
format. These are commonly available: 4GB, 8
GB, 16GB, 32GB, 64GB, 128GB and 256GB
capacities.

45.  Compact Disc (CD)
This is a digital optical disc data storage
medium originally developed to store and play
back sound recordings only but was later
adapted for storage of different data types
(CD-ROM).
Figure

46.  Digital Versatile/Video Disc (DVD)
This looks exactly like a regular CD, but it can
store up to 2 hours of very good quality DVD-
Video, including several audio tracks in
formats like stereo, Dolby.
Types:
DVDR- stands for DVD Recordable, a write
once optical disc with 4.7 gigabytes (GB) of
storage, generally used for non-volatile data
storage or video applications.
DVDRW or DVD Rewriteable-

47.  Secure Digital Card (SD Card)
is an ultra small flash memory card designed to
provide high-capacity memory in a very small size.
SD cards are used in many small portable devices
such as digital video camcorders, digital cameras,
handheld computers, audio players and mobile
phones

48. Software
 is the set of instructions (also called a
program) that guides the hardware to
operate effectively.

49. There are two kinds of Software:
 System Software
 Application Software

50. System Software
 This is any software required to support
the production or execution of
application programs, but which is not
specific to any particular application.

51. This refers to the operating system and all
utility programs.

52. Examples of utility programs

53. Application Software
Designed to help the user perform singular
or multiple related tasks.

54. Examples of application software are as follows:
 Word processing software
Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents.
Examples: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro,
MacWrite
 Spreadsheet software
An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows
and columns that is used to present and
analyze data. Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123,
Quattro Pro.

55.  Database management software
Used to structure a database or a large
collection of computer programs. Data is
organized as fields and records for easy
retrieval. Examples: MS Access, dBase, Fox
Pro, Oracle.
 Presentation software
a software that enables users to create highly
stylized images for slide shows and reports.
Examples: MS PowerPoint, Apple Keynote,
Prezi, Kingsoft Presentation.

56.  Graphic software
Graphics programs display results of data
manipulation for easier analysis and
presentation. Examples: Macromedia Flash,
Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe
Photoshop
 Web browser
a software application used to locate, retrieve
and also display content on the World Wide
Web, including Web pages, images, video
and other files. Examples: Internet Explorer,
Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Safari

57. Peopleware
 Refers to people involved in data
processing operations such as the
system administrator, office workers,
students and others.

58. Common job titles of people who work with
computers are the following:
Encoder- The one who types or
inputs data into the computer
Application Users-are those who
benefit from the work done by
developers by availing of the
system’s features and usage
Programmer or System Developers
the one who analyzes, designs,
develops, maintains and upgrades
generic or customized software.

59.  System analysts
the one who analyzes the program to be used
by a specific organization. The analyst checks
on errors and makes necessary
recommendations to improve the program,
just like what an editor of book does before
publishing.

60. Electronic Data Processing (EDP)
managers
the one responsible for supervising all
activities of personnel in a certain
computerized transaction department
Computer Engineers
The one who plans, designs, makes a lay out.
And then implements the installation of
computers and other peripherals for the
efficient use.

61. Computer Technician
The one who repairs and
maintains the computer
and restores it to good
working condition.

62. Customer Service
Representative or
Telemarketer
The one who interacts with
customers to provide
information about products
and services. The job also
covers handling of customer’s
complaints, inbound
customer service, order-
taking and inquiry response
as well as outbound
telemarketing.