The document summarizes research on the multidisciplinary design optimization of supersonic transport wing concepts. The objectives were to develop an efficient MDO tool for conceptual design of SST wings using low-cost computational fluid dynamics and surrogate modeling. 107 design samples were evaluated for aerodynamic performance, sonic boom levels, and wing weight. 24 non-dominated solutions were identified, with the best designs having thinner root airfoils, larger inboard sweep angles, or modified tail angles compared to a baseline compromised design. Analysis of variance identified key design variables with the most influence on objectives.
Tchebichef image watermarking along the edge using YCoCg-R color space for co...IJECEIAES
Easy creation and manipulation of digital images present the potential danger of counterfeiting and forgery. Watermarking technique which embeds a watermark into the images can be used to overcome these problems and to provide copyright protection. Digital image watermarking should meet requirements, e.g. maintain image quality, difficult to remove the watermark, quality of watermark extraction, and applicable. This research proposes Tchebichef watermarking along the edge based on YCoCg-R color space. The embedding region is selected by considering the human visual characteristics (HVC) entropy. The selected blocks with minimum of HVC entropy values are transformed by Tchebichef moments. The locations of C(0,1), C(1,0), C(0,2) and C(2,0) of the matrix moment are randomly embedded for each watermark bit. The proposed watermarking scheme produces a good imperceptibility by average SSIM value around 0.98. The watermark recovery has greater resistant after several types of attack than other schemes.
Slides of Nathan Piasco ICRA 2019 oral presentation about the paper "Learning Scene Geometry for Visual Localization in Challenging Conditions". Best paper in Robot Vision Finalist
Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapperIJERA Editor
The second generation of terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) offers several advantages for greater efficiency. Signal Space Diversity (SSD) contains rotated constellation and Q-Delay (RQD), which is one of advantage that offered to improve the performance over fading channels compared to the non-rotated modulation. In this journal, the proposed low-power de-mapper design of this work attempts to employ the introduced SSD to reduce power through replacing LLR calculations by a significantly less complex projection-based de-mapping whenever possible. It benefits from an algorithm that applies projection-based de-mapping to significantly reduce LLR computations without deteriorating performance. Two versions are introduced for hard de-mapping and soft de-mapping. The design uses several techniques simultaneously to be even more energy efficient without affecting the performance. Prototype results indicate significant reduction of LLR calculations as Eb/N0 increases with no performance degradation. The idea and energy saving techniques can be easily applied to any rotated constellation de-mapper.
ITS World Congress :: Vienna, Oct 2012László Nádai
Control of the emission rate of exhaust fumes as well as vehicle density in various road segments of freeway traffic practically is desirable. For this purpose hydrodynamic macroscopic models are used that approximate the traffic as the motion of some compressible fluid. They normally have analytical ambiguities due to using various finite element approximations of spatial partial differential operators and applying various analytical compressibility models. Further uncertainties stem from the estimation of the model parameters. The suggested approach is able to iteratively and adaptively refine the traffic control based on any version of the possible analytical forms. The controller has to measure vehicle densities and traffic velocities and applies variable traffic signs for prescribing velocities and allowed ingress rate from a ramp as control signals. Since the stationary solutions of the control problem are stable in the region investigated, instead of fast, really dynamic control it applies simple quasi-stationary process model and control that is a common practice in Classical Thermodynamics. The operation of the proposed method is illustrated via simulations.
This is a sample of a manual I developed while at Wideband for a software math and science digital signal processing library for the Analog Devices ADSP-21K. It contains the detailed descriptions of the routines and shows the programmers had a complete and useful solution.
A New In-Camera Imaging Model For Color Computer Vision And Its ApplicationIPALab
We present two applications of interactive computer vision. The first involves an efficient method for producing picture legends for group photos. This approach combines face detection with human shape priors into an interactive selection framework to allow users to quickly segment the individuals in a group photo. Results obtained by our method are better than those obtained by general selection tools and can be produced in a fraction of the time. Our second method is a tool for correcting errors in panoramic images. In particular, we describe two features:
1. a seam-editing tool that allows the user to modify blending seams in a local manner
2. a content-aware snapping tool to help the user better align local image content between overlapping images
We demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool on several examples that are tedious to achieve using existing photo-editing softwares.
Capacity-Constrained Point DistributionsMichel Alves
In this presentation, we will speak about the main idea of the article entitled 'Capacity-Constrained Point Distributions: A Variant of Lloyd's Method' [Balzer, M. et al. 2009] and we will show some results obtained by applying of this method. In the aforementioned article the authors present a new general-purpose method for optimizing existing point sets. The resulting distributions possess high-quality blue noise characteristics and adapt precisely to given density functions. Among the results we can highlight the generation of distributions using samples guided by functions of type z=f(x, y) and samples from images (simulating stippling technique).
The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework presents a flexible mathematical model of the platform planning process, which allows (i) the formation of sub-families of products, and (ii) the simultaneous identification and quantification of plat- form/scaling design variables. The CP3 model is founded on a generalized commonality matrix that represents the product platform plan, and yields a mixed binary-integer non- linear programming problem. In this paper, we develop a methodology to reduce the high dimensional binary integer problem to a more tractable integer problem, where the com- monality matrix is represented by a set of integer variables. Subsequently, we determine the feasible set of values for the integer variables in the case of families with 3 − 7 kinds of products. The cardinality of the feasible set is found to be orders of magnitude smaller than the total number of unique combinations of the commonality variables. In addition, we also present the development of a generalized approach to Mixed-Discrete Non-Linear Optimization (MDNLO) that can be implemented through standard non-gradient based op- timization algorithms. This MDNLO technique is expected to provide a robust and compu- tationally inexpensive optimization framework for the reduced CP3 model. The generalized approach to MDNLO uses continuous optimization as the primary search strategy, how- ever, evaluates the system model only at the feasible locations in the discrete variable space.
Tchebichef image watermarking along the edge using YCoCg-R color space for co...IJECEIAES
Easy creation and manipulation of digital images present the potential danger of counterfeiting and forgery. Watermarking technique which embeds a watermark into the images can be used to overcome these problems and to provide copyright protection. Digital image watermarking should meet requirements, e.g. maintain image quality, difficult to remove the watermark, quality of watermark extraction, and applicable. This research proposes Tchebichef watermarking along the edge based on YCoCg-R color space. The embedding region is selected by considering the human visual characteristics (HVC) entropy. The selected blocks with minimum of HVC entropy values are transformed by Tchebichef moments. The locations of C(0,1), C(1,0), C(0,2) and C(2,0) of the matrix moment are randomly embedded for each watermark bit. The proposed watermarking scheme produces a good imperceptibility by average SSIM value around 0.98. The watermark recovery has greater resistant after several types of attack than other schemes.
Slides of Nathan Piasco ICRA 2019 oral presentation about the paper "Learning Scene Geometry for Visual Localization in Challenging Conditions". Best paper in Robot Vision Finalist
Modification on Energy Efficient Design of DVB-T2 Constellation De-mapperIJERA Editor
The second generation of terrestrial digital video broadcasting standard (DVB-T2) offers several advantages for greater efficiency. Signal Space Diversity (SSD) contains rotated constellation and Q-Delay (RQD), which is one of advantage that offered to improve the performance over fading channels compared to the non-rotated modulation. In this journal, the proposed low-power de-mapper design of this work attempts to employ the introduced SSD to reduce power through replacing LLR calculations by a significantly less complex projection-based de-mapping whenever possible. It benefits from an algorithm that applies projection-based de-mapping to significantly reduce LLR computations without deteriorating performance. Two versions are introduced for hard de-mapping and soft de-mapping. The design uses several techniques simultaneously to be even more energy efficient without affecting the performance. Prototype results indicate significant reduction of LLR calculations as Eb/N0 increases with no performance degradation. The idea and energy saving techniques can be easily applied to any rotated constellation de-mapper.
ITS World Congress :: Vienna, Oct 2012László Nádai
Control of the emission rate of exhaust fumes as well as vehicle density in various road segments of freeway traffic practically is desirable. For this purpose hydrodynamic macroscopic models are used that approximate the traffic as the motion of some compressible fluid. They normally have analytical ambiguities due to using various finite element approximations of spatial partial differential operators and applying various analytical compressibility models. Further uncertainties stem from the estimation of the model parameters. The suggested approach is able to iteratively and adaptively refine the traffic control based on any version of the possible analytical forms. The controller has to measure vehicle densities and traffic velocities and applies variable traffic signs for prescribing velocities and allowed ingress rate from a ramp as control signals. Since the stationary solutions of the control problem are stable in the region investigated, instead of fast, really dynamic control it applies simple quasi-stationary process model and control that is a common practice in Classical Thermodynamics. The operation of the proposed method is illustrated via simulations.
This is a sample of a manual I developed while at Wideband for a software math and science digital signal processing library for the Analog Devices ADSP-21K. It contains the detailed descriptions of the routines and shows the programmers had a complete and useful solution.
A New In-Camera Imaging Model For Color Computer Vision And Its ApplicationIPALab
We present two applications of interactive computer vision. The first involves an efficient method for producing picture legends for group photos. This approach combines face detection with human shape priors into an interactive selection framework to allow users to quickly segment the individuals in a group photo. Results obtained by our method are better than those obtained by general selection tools and can be produced in a fraction of the time. Our second method is a tool for correcting errors in panoramic images. In particular, we describe two features:
1. a seam-editing tool that allows the user to modify blending seams in a local manner
2. a content-aware snapping tool to help the user better align local image content between overlapping images
We demonstrate the effectiveness of our tool on several examples that are tedious to achieve using existing photo-editing softwares.
Capacity-Constrained Point DistributionsMichel Alves
In this presentation, we will speak about the main idea of the article entitled 'Capacity-Constrained Point Distributions: A Variant of Lloyd's Method' [Balzer, M. et al. 2009] and we will show some results obtained by applying of this method. In the aforementioned article the authors present a new general-purpose method for optimizing existing point sets. The resulting distributions possess high-quality blue noise characteristics and adapt precisely to given density functions. Among the results we can highlight the generation of distributions using samples guided by functions of type z=f(x, y) and samples from images (simulating stippling technique).
The Comprehensive Product Platform Planning (CP3) framework presents a flexible mathematical model of the platform planning process, which allows (i) the formation of sub-families of products, and (ii) the simultaneous identification and quantification of plat- form/scaling design variables. The CP3 model is founded on a generalized commonality matrix that represents the product platform plan, and yields a mixed binary-integer non- linear programming problem. In this paper, we develop a methodology to reduce the high dimensional binary integer problem to a more tractable integer problem, where the com- monality matrix is represented by a set of integer variables. Subsequently, we determine the feasible set of values for the integer variables in the case of families with 3 − 7 kinds of products. The cardinality of the feasible set is found to be orders of magnitude smaller than the total number of unique combinations of the commonality variables. In addition, we also present the development of a generalized approach to Mixed-Discrete Non-Linear Optimization (MDNLO) that can be implemented through standard non-gradient based op- timization algorithms. This MDNLO technique is expected to provide a robust and compu- tationally inexpensive optimization framework for the reduced CP3 model. The generalized approach to MDNLO uses continuous optimization as the primary search strategy, how- ever, evaluates the system model only at the feasible locations in the discrete variable space.
Workshop: Numerical Analysis of Stochastic Partial Differential Equations (NASPDE), in Network Eurandom at Eindhoven University of Technology, May 16, 2023, about my recent works (i) "Numerical Smoothing with Hierarchical Adaptive Sparse Grids and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods for Efficient Option Pricing" (link: https://doi.org/10.1080/14697688.2022.2135455), and (ii) "Multilevel Monte Carlo with Numerical Smoothing for Robust and Efficient Computation of Probabilities and Densities" (link: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.05708).
new optimization algorithm for topology optimizationSeonho Park
authors devise new convex approximation called DQA which utilizes information of two consecutive points at iterates. Also, to guarantee global convergence, filter method is illustrated.
MaterialX is an open standard for transfer of rich material and look-development content between applications and renderers. Originated at Lucasfilm in 2012, MaterialX has been used by Industrial Light & Magic in feature films such as Star Wars: The Force Awakens and Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, and by ILMxLAB in real-time experiences such as Trials On Tatooine.
MaterialX addresses the need for a common, open standard to represent the data values and relationships required to transfer the complete look of a computer graphics model from one application or rendering platform to another, including shading networks, patterns and texturing, complex nested materials and geometric assignments. To further encourage interchangeable CG look setups, MaterialX also defines a complete set of data creation and processing nodes with a precise mechanism for functional extensibility.
Exemplar: Designing Sensor-based interactions by demonstration... (a CHI2007 ...bjoern611
Authoring Sensor-based Interactions by Demonstration with Direct Manipulation and Pattern Recognition
Björn Hartmann, Leith Abdulla, Manas Mittal, Scott Klemmer
Contributes method and tool for rapidly designing sensor-based interactions by demonstration; emphasizes control of generalization criteria through integrating direct manipulation and pattern recognition; offers theoretical and first-use lab evaluations.
Similar to Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Supersonic Transport Wing Using Surrogate Model (20)
Lecture on “Aerodynamic design of Aircraft” in University of Tokyo 21st December, 2015. Optimization techniques, data-visualization and their applications are inclusive.
Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm Applied to Conceptual Design of Single-stag...Masahiro Kanazaki
"Multi-objective Genetic Algorithm Applied to Conceptual Design of Single-stage Rocket Using Hybrid Propulsion System" presented at The Eighth China-Japan-Korea Joint Symposium on Optimization of Structural and Mechanical Systems (CJK-OSM).
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
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Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
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LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
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91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
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https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
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https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Supersonic Transport Wing Using Surrogate Model
1. 27th ICAS at Nice on 22th September
Session : Supersonic Aircraft Concepts
“Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Supersonic Transport Wing
Using Surrogate Model”
Naoto Seto (Tokyo Metropolitan University)
3. Background 1
Short time travel is one of the biggest demands.
SuperSonic Transport (SST) is expected to meet the demand above.
Studies in several institutes all over the world
SSBJ of AERION Silent SST of JAXA QSST of SAI
Many problems to be solved
Flight cost
Environmental problems Trade-off
Aerodynamic performances
How should be next generation SST designed with many problems ?
4. Background 2
Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) is the key technique
Information
Technological interests pool
Aerodynamics
Sonic boom
Structure
Materials
Propulsions …etc
Effects of variables
Trade-off (Multi-validate analysis)
(*GA, *DoE)
Global trends
MDO with global exploration will
(Data mining)
help knowledge discovery
*GA : Genetic Algorithm
*DoE : Design of Experiment
5. Objectives
Development of
efficient MDO tool for SST wing in conceptual design
Features about proposed MDO
1. Low CFD calculation cost
Full potential equation with panel method
Kriging model
2. Construction of global design information pool
Trade-off :Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm
Effects of design variables :ANalysis Of VAriance
Global trends about design variables :Parallel Coordinate Plot
7. Design Approaches (design procedure)
Initial sampling based on LHS*
Surrogate model construction
(Kriging model)
Exploration of non-dominated solutions
Additional samplings on Kriging model using MOGA
No
Convergence ?
Yes
Constructing design information pool
(ANOVA, PCP)
*Latin Hypercube Sampling
8. Design Approaches (exploration of non-dominated solutions)
Multi Objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA)
One of evolutionary algorithm
Searching global non-dominated solutions with multi-point explorations
→Many evaluations are required.
CFD
Kriging model
One of surrogate model
Interpolating and searching local extremes
ˆ (x i ) (x i )
y
Global model Localized deviation
from the global model
9. Design Approaches (exploration of non-dominated solutions)
Kriging model includes uncertainty at the predicted points.
Expected Improvement (EI) considers the balance between optimist and the error.
EI is expressed below (for maximization problem)
E I x
z
( f max z ) dz ,
n :standard distribution,
normal density
s :standard error
f ˆ
y f max ˆ
y
( f max y
ˆ ) max s
s s
: Kriging model : Maximum values from sampling
The larger EI value has the larger possibility to be optimum solutions
→Additional samplings are based on EIs’ maximization
Jones, D. R., “Efficient Global Optimization of
Expensive Black-Box Functions,” J. Glob.
Opt., Vol. 13, pp.455-492 1998.
10. Design Approaches (design information)
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
One of multi-validate analysis for quantitative information
Integrate
The main effect of design variable xi:
i ( xi ) y( x1 ,....., xn )dx1 ,..., dxi 1 , dxi 1 ,.., dxn
ˆ
variance
where:
y( x1 ,....., xn )dx1 ,....., dxn
ˆ
Total proportion to the total variance:
pi
2
p2
y(x1,....,xn ) dx1...dxn
35%
ˆ
p1
where, ε is the variance due to design variable xi. 65%
Main effect
11. Design Approaches (design information)
Parallel Coordinate Plot (PCP)
One of statistical visualization techniques from high-dimensional data into
two dimensional data.
Design variables and objective functions are set parallel in the normalized axis.
PCP shows global trends of design variables.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Upper bound of ith design variables
and objective functions Normalization
Lower bound of ith design variables x(dvi ) - min(dvi )
P
i
and objective functions max(dvi ) - min(dvi )
16. Objective Functions
Three objective functions in this study
maximize L/ D
minimize ΔP (On boom carpet)
ΔP
minimize Wwing
subject to Design C L = 0.105
Time[ms]
maximize
K-means method
ˆ - L / Dmax
y ˆ - L / Dmax
y
• EIL / D = ( ˆ - L / Dmax )Φ(
y ) + sφ( ) Additional sampling points
s s
maximize
clusters
ΔP - ˆ y ΔP - ˆ y
EI1
• EIΔP = ( ΔP - y
min
ˆ )Φ( min ) + sφ( min )
s s
maximize
Wwingmin ˆy Wwingmin - ˆ
y EI2
• EIWwing = (Wwingmin - ˆ )Φ(
y ) + sφ( )
s s
17. Evaluations of L/D and ΔP
CAPAS* developed in JAXA
Aerodynamic performance Sonic-boom intensity
Compressible potential equation Correction of shock wave
with panel method (PANAIR) by Whitham’s theory
2 2 2 PANAIR data
2 F ( x) CP
( M 1) 2
2
2
0 2
x y z
x
1 r F x
: Velocity potential
2 3
Thomas’s waveform parameter
method
M 2-1
pressure[psf]
1.4
Computational CP distributions r : propagation distance
geometry
Time[ms]
*CAPAS (CAD-based Automatic Panel Analysis System)
18. Evaluation of wing weight
Inboard wing (multi-frame structure)
Aluminum material
Minimum thickness of skin & frame (0<thickness<20mm, every0.1mm)
Outboard wing (full-depth honeycomb sandwich structure)
Composite material
Stack sequence
Fiber angle θ ; [0/ θ/- θ/90] ns, θ=15, 30, 45, 60, 70deg
Number of laminations n n N 25
Solver is MSC NASTRAN 2005R (FEM model)
Strength requirements
Aluminum material:Mises stress < 200MPa at all FEM nodes
Composite material: Destruction criteria < 1 at all FEM nodes on each laminate
Computational conditions
Symmetrical maneuver +6G, Safety rate: 1.25 PANAIR data
Estimated load on the main wing
(symmetrical maneuver) × (safety rate) × (aerodynamics load)
19. Constraint
Trim balance
C. G.
C.P. is identical to C.G. at target CL
C.P.
→12 evaluations are required to decide
the angle of horizontal tail.
Realistic cruise condition Angle of horizontal tail
Blue area (main wing and horizontal tail)
were changed in this study.
Cl
target CL
Cd
x
21. Results (samplings)
75 points were sampled for constructing a initial Kriging model.
Additional samplings were carried out three times.
32 additional samples
Total number of samplings is 107.
Calculation time for one sample
One hour for the CAPAS evaluations
15 minutes for the NASTRAN evaluations
Calculation environment
General work station : 1CPU (Xeon 2.66MHz)
22. Results (solution space about objective functions)
Wwing
24 non-dominated solutions from L/D ΔP[psf] AoA
[kg]
final data Design A 7.02 1.19 612 2.5
Most of additional samplings formed Design B 6.08 0.97 502 2.7
non-dominated solutions Design C 5.60 1.53 276 2.6
Design D 6.77 1.09 691 2.6
Design A (best L/D) Design B (best ΔP) Design C (best Wwing)
Design D (compromised)
Wwing[kg]
ΔP[psf]
Optimum direction
L/D ΔP[psf]
23. Results (configuration comparison)
Each champion sample is compared to the compromised.
Design A Design B
Larger sweep back
Thinner root airfoil
*Red dot line is the compromised (Design D)
Design C
Thinner root airfoil of Design A
Advantage of the reducing wave drag
Flap tail angle
Larger inboard sweep back angle of Design B
Ideal equivalence area distribution
Flap tail angle of Design C
Reducing aerodynamics load on the main wing
24. Evaluation of wing weight evaluations
Inboard wing (multi-frame structure)
Aluminum material
Minimum thickness of skin & frame (0<thickness<20mm, every0.1mm)
Outboard wing (full-depth honeycomb sandwich structure)
Composite material
Stack sequence
Fiber angle θ ; [0/ θ/- θ/90] ns, θ=15, 30, 45, 60, 70deg
Number of laminations n n N 25
Solver is MSC NASTRAN 2005R (FEM model)
Strength requirements
Aluminum material:Mises stress < 200MPa at all FEM nodes
Composite material: Destruction criteria < 1 at all FEM nodes on each laminate
Computational conditions
Symmetrical maneuver +6G, Safety rate: 1.25 PANAIR data
Estimated load on the main wing
(symmetrical maneuver) × (safety rate) × (aerodynamics load)
25. Results (waveform on the ground)
Each champion sample is compared to the compromised.
*Red dot line is the compromised (Design D)
Less different
Design A
among Design A, B, and D
Large different
between Design C and D
L/D ΔP[psf] Wwing[kg]
Design B
Design A 7.02 1.19 612
Design B 6.08 0.97 502
Design C 5.60 1.53 276
Design D 6.77 1.09 691
Design C
Severe trade-off
between ΔP & Wwing
26. Results (Overview about ANOVA)
70% 45%
*a1 *a2 *a3 73%
dv1 inboard sweep dv8 tip t/c
dv2 outboard sweep dv9 aspect ratio
dv3 root twist dv10 root camber(25%c)
Proper range in
dv4 kink twist dv11 root camber(75%c) design space?
dv5 tip twist dv12 kink camber(25%c)
dv6 root t/c dv13 kink camber(75%c)
dv7 kink t/c dv14 tip camber(25%c)
27. Results (Overview about PCP)
Best 5 samples
about L/D
Extracting useful data about each objective
function for the better visualization *p1
Best 5 samples *p2
about ΔP
24 non-dominated solutions data
Best 5 samples
about Wwing *p3
28. Results (design information of better L/D)
*PCP was carried out from best five samples about L/D
Root camber(dv10, 11) & kink camber(dv12, 13)
ANOVA
Design A
upper
Kink twist(dv4) & root t/c(dv6)
PCP lower
→Small drag around root & sufficient lift around kink
*a1
*p1
29. Results (design information of better ΔP)
*PCP was carried out from best 5 samples about ΔP
Inboard sweep(dv1) & root camber(dv10) & kink camber(dv14)
ANOVA
Design B
Kink twist(dv4) & root t/c(dv6) & kink t/c(dv7)
PCP upper
lower
→Ideal equivalence area (Ae) distribution
*a2
*p2
30. Comparisons about equivalence area distribution
2.5
2.0
Equivalence area
1.5
1.0 Design A
Design B
0.5 Design C
Design D
Darden
0.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 x(m)
31. Results (design information of better Wwing)
*PCP was carried out from best 5 samples about Wwing
Root t/c(dv6) & AR(dv9) & root camber(dv10) & kink camber(dv12, 13)
ANOVA
Design C
Inboard sweep(dv1) & tip twist(dv5) & kink t/c(dv6)upper
PCP
lower
→Low aerodynamic load on the wing
*a3
*p3
32. Conclusions
Efficient MDO tool for conceptual design
MOGA with Kriging model
MOGA with Kriging model took about 10 days for the total task
MOGA without Kriging model would take about 160 days in this study
Trade-off among each objective function
→Severe trade-off between ΔP and wing weight
ANOVA
ANOVA found the design variables which have effects on each objective functions.
PCP
PCP showed the global trend of design variables.
Better L/D → root & kink camber
Better ΔP → inboard sweep back angle
Better wing weight → aspect ratio & root t/c
Efficient exploration
Useful design information pool
33. Acknowledgement
• I wish to thank Dr. Yoshikazu Makino, and Dr. Takeshi
Takatoya, researchers in Aviation Program Group/Japan
Aerospace Exploration Agency, for providing their CAE
program and large support. I would like to thank my paper
adviser, Prof. Masahiro Kanazaki, for his guidance, and
support.
• My presentation is supported by the grant from JSASS (Japan
Society of Aeronautics and Space Science).