Its a multi processes mechanical machine

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A Thesis on
Design & Development of
MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
Mitesh Nagar (K10494)
Naveen Bansal (K10221)
Rahul Khandelwal (K10490)
Tejkaran Singh Ranawat (K10190)
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree
Of
BACHELOR OF ENGIREERING
In
MECHANICAL
Guided by
Ms. Nikita Jain
CAREER POINT UNIVERSITY
Alaniya, Kota (Rajasthan)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
 Certificate.............................................................................................. 4
 Acknowledgement…………………………………………………..... 5
 Abstract……………………………………………………………….. 6
 List of Figures ………………………………………………………… 7
 List of tables …………………………………………………………... 8
Chapter:1 Introduction
1.1 Literature review................................................................................... 10
1.2 Proposed methodology......................................................................... 12
Chapter: 2 Project Definition
2.1 Problem statement …………………………………………………… 13
2.2 Problem identification ………………………………………….......... 13
Chapter: 3 Mechanism of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE
3.1 Objective …………………………………………..……………….............. 14
3.2 Theory …………………………………………………………………….... 14
3.3 Whitworth’s mechanism ………………………………………………........ 14
Chapter: 4 Design of model................................................................................ 16

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Chapter: 5 Machine equipments.................................................................... 18
Chapter: 6 Working principle....................................................................... 25
Chapter: 7 Operation of model
7.1 Drilling ……………………………………………………………………... 28
7.2Shaping …………………………………………………………………........ 32
7.3 Cutting ……………………………………………………………………… 33
Chapter: 8 Future Implementation ……………………………………........ 35
Chapter: 9 Conclusion ………………………………………………….......... 36
Chapter: 10 Reference ………………..………………………………………. 37

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Report entitled “Multi Purpose Mechanical Machine” which is
submitted by Mitesh Nagar (K10494), Naveen Bansal (K10221), Rahul Khandelwal
(K10490), Tejkaran Singh Ranawat (K10190) in partial fulfillment of the requirement for
the award of degree B.Tech. in Mechanical Engineering to Career Point University , Kota
is a record of the candidate’s own work carried out by him under my supervision. The
matter embodied in this report is original and has not been submitted for the award of any
other degree anywhere else.
Date: 11 May, 2016 Supervisor: Ms. Nikita Jain
( HOD of Mech. Dept.)

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
 We feel in great in presenting the report of our project “Multi Purpose Mechanical
Machine” which finds application in much modern equipment and system, this
project is done in partial fulfillment of B.M.E. (B. tech. in mechanical
engineering) course in course at the Career Point University, Kota.
 We wish to express our sincere gratitude and thanks to our guide Mrs. Nikita Jain
during our whole project work for his inspiration give to us and guidance
showered open us. He was greatly helpful to us by solving all our queries and
difficulties. We are also thankful to our head of the department of mechanical
engineering.
 Last but not we are thankful to and all out lectures who showered upon there help
and guidance during the project work and also our friends who always ready to
help.

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ABSTRACT
This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of “MULTI PURPOSE
MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI-
OPERATIONs i.e. DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING. This machine perform
multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine is
automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of
current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return. This model
of the multi OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries and domestic
OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting &
shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

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LIST OF FIGURES
No Figure Name Page No
1 Whitworth Mechanism 14
2 3D View of MPMM 16
3 Actual View of MPMM 17
4 Drill Bit 23
5 Machine Drawing 24
6 Drilling Machine 31
7 Shaping Machine 32
8 Cutting Machine 33

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LIST OF TABLES
No Table Name Page No
1 Specification of drill 18
2 Specification of hacksaw 21

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Chapter :-1 INTRODUCTION
Industries are basically meant for Production of useful goods and services at low
production cost, machinery cost and low inventory cost. Today in this world every task
have been made quicker and fast due to technology advancement but this advancement
also demands huge investments and expenditure, every industry desires to make high
productivity rate maintaining the quality and standard of the product at low average cost
In an industry a considerable portion of investment is being made for machinery
installation. So in this paper we have a proposed a machine which can perform operations
like drilling, sawing, shaping, some lathe operations at different working centers
simultaneously which implies that industrialist have not to pay for machine performing
above tasks individually for operating operation simultaneously.
Economics of manufacturing: According to some economists, manufacturing is a wealth-
producing sector of an economy, whereas a service sector tends to be wealth-consuming.
Emerging technologies have provided some new growth in advanced manufacturing
employment opportunities in the Manufacturing Belt in the United States. Manufacturing
provides important material support for national infrastructure and for national defense.

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1.1 Literature Review
Before starting our work we have undergone through many research papers which
indicates that for a production based industries machine installation is a tricky task as
many factor being associated with it such as power consumption (electricity bill per
machine), maintenance cost, no of units produced per machine i.e. capacity of machine,
time consumption and many more….
Some research papers which have led us to approach to the idea of a machine which may
give solution to all these factors are as follows:
Heinrich Arnold1 November 2001: Rather long re-investment cycles of about 15 years
have created the notion that innovation in the machine tool industry happens
incrementally. But looking at its recent history, the integration of digital controls
technology and computers into machine tools have hit the industry in three waves of
technology shocks. Most companies underestimated the impact of this new technology.
This article gives an overview of the history of the machine tool industry since numerical
controls were invented and introduced and analyzes the disruptive character of this new
technology on the market. About 100 interviews were conducted with decision-makers
and industry experts who witnessed the development of the industry over the last forty
years. The study establishes a connection between radical technological change, industry
structure, and competitive environment. It reveals a number of important occurrences and
interrelations that have so far gone unnoticed.

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Dr. Toshimichi Moriwaki (2006): Recent trends in the machine tool technologies are
surveyed from the view points of high speed and high performance machine tools,
combined multifunctional machine tools, ultra precision machine tools and advanced and
intelligent control technologies.
Frankfurt-am Main, 10 January 2011. : The crisis is over, but selling machinery
remains a tough business. Machine tools nowadays have to be veritable “jack of all
trades”, able to handle all kinds of materials, to manage without any process materials as
far as possible, and be capable of adapting to new job profiles with maximized flexibility.
Two highly respected experts on machining and forming from Dortmund and Chemnitz
report on what’s in store for machine tool manufacturers and users.
Multi-purpose machines are the declarations of independence. The trend towards the kind
of multi-purpose machining centers that are able to cost efficiently handle a broad
portfolio of products with small batch sizes accelerated significantly during the crisis.
“With a multi-purpose machine, you’re less dependent on particular products and
sectors”, explains Biermann.
1.2 ProposedMethodology
In this project we will generally give the power supply to the shaft on which a bevel gear
is mounted on it, and a second bevel gear at a right angle to it has been mounted on a drill
shaft to which a drill bit is being attached. At one end of the shaft is connected to power
supply , other end is being joined to a circular disc ,through this circular disc scotch yoke
mechanism is being performed (rotator y motion is converted to reciprocating motion) .
Also in between these two helical gear is mounted which transfer its motion to other
helical gear which is mounted on a shaft consist of grinding wheel.

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Chapter: 2 PROBLEM DEFINITION
2.1 Problem Statement
To design and development of MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE, a
structured which is designed for the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e.
DRILLING, CUTTING & SHAPING.
2.2 Problem Identification
This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed &
this machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run
with the help of current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth
return.
This model of the MULTI OPERATIONAL machine is may be used in industries
and domestic OPERATION which can perform mechanical operation like
drilling, cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body.

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Chapter: 3 MECHANISM OF MACHINE
WHITWORTH’S QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
3.1 OBJECTIVE
The objective of this experiment is to investigate the performance of a whit worth
quick return motion and to verify that the motion does have a quick return stroke
and a slow cutting or forward stroke.
3.2 THEORY
Definition of mechanism
Mechanism is a simplified model, usually in the form of a line diagram, which is
used to reproduce exactly the motion occurring in a machine. The purpose if this
reproduction is to enable the nature of the motion to be investigated without the
encumbrance of the various solid bodies which forms the machine elements.
3.3 WHITWORTH QUICK RETURN MECHANISM
Whitworth mechanism

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The above diagram shows the mechanism as used on the apparatus. Link 1 on the
top diagram is extended to point A. Attach to point A is another link with pivot.
The other end of this link terminated in a slider. In a machine tool where this
mechanism is used the cutting tool is attached to this slider.
The link POA rotates about a O. The mechanism is driven by crank PC which
rotates about C with constant velocity. The slider at P slides along POA as the
crank is turned. Its path is shown by the dashed circle, centered on C and through
P. Clearly when P is at P1 the slider S is at the outer extremely of its travel. When
P is at P2 the slider S is at the inner extremely of its travel.
Now as PC rotates with constant velocity the time taken to go from P1 to P2 is
less than that taken to go from P2 to P1. However during both those time intervals
the slider as moving the same distance. Therefore the speed of S is different
during the different parts of cycle. During the shorter time intervals P1 to P2 the
slider as has the greater speed and during the interval P2 to P1 it has slower speed.
Thus P1 to P2 is quick return and P2 to P1.
When applied to metal cutting machine the other advantage is variable power
distribution during the cycle. When S is on the return stroke the slider at P is
nearer O and simple moment shows that the torque applied is low. Hence, the
return stroke uses less power as P=T.W. During the cutting stroke the slider at P is
at greater radius from O and thus more power is available to perform useful work
in the cutting metal.
Thus the overall performance is to provide high power forward cutting
stroke with a low power and higher speed quick return in preparation for the
next cut.

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Chapter: 4 DESIGN OF MODEL
3D VIEW

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ACTUAL VIEW

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Chapter :- 5 MACHINE EQUIPMENTS
5.1 Component of machine
1) FRAME
2) BEVEL GEAR
3) WHITWORTH MECHANISM
4) MOTOR
5) PULLEY
6) BEARING (BALL & SLIDING BEARING)
7) ROCKER ARM
8) HACKSAW BLADE
9) TOOL POST
10) DRILLING CHUCK
11) DRILL TOOL
12) SINGLE CUTTING TOOL
13) TABLE
14) NUT & BOLT
15) OTHER COMPONENTS

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The following components are the major components of the multi process machine.
5.2 Drilling
A drill is a tool fitted with a cutting tool attachment, usually a drill bit used for drilling
holes in various materials or fastening various materials together with the use of
fasteners. The attachment is gripped by a chuck at one end of the drill and rotated while
pressed against the target material. The tip of the cutting tool does the work of cutting
into the target material. Drills are commonly used in woodworking, metalworking and
construction.
Specially designed drills are also used in medicine, space missions and other applications.
Drills are available with a wide variety of performance characteristics, such as power and
capacity.
5.3 Shaping
Shaper operates by moving a hardened cutting tool backwards and forwards across the
work piece. On the return stroke of the ram the tool is lifted clear of the workpiece,
reducing the cutting action to one direction only. The workpiece mounts on a rigid, box
shaped table in front of the machine. The height of the table can be adjusted to suit this
workpiece, and the table can transverse sideways underneath the reciprocating tool which
is mounted on the ram, the table motion is usually under the control of an automatic feed
mechanism which acts on the feed screw.
The ram slides back and forth above the work, at the front end of the ram is a vertical tool
slide that may be adjusted to either side of the vertical plane. This tool slide holds the
clapper box and tool post from where the tool can be positioned to cut the straight, flat
surface on the top of the workpiece. The tool slide permits feeding the tool downwards to
put on a cut it or may be set away from the vertical plane, as required. The ram is
adjustable for stroke and due to the geometry of the linkage, it moves faster on the return
stroke than on the forward, cutting stroke. This action is via a slotted link or whit worth
link.

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5.4 Cam arrangement
A cam is a rotating or sliding piece in a mechanical linkage used especially in
transforming rotary motion into linear motion or vice-versa. It is often a part of a rotating
wheel (e.g. an eccentric wheel) or shaft (e.g. a cylinder with an irregular shape) that
strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path. The cam can be a simple tooth,
as is used to deliver pulses of power to a steam hammer, for example, or an eccentric disc
or other shape that produces a smooth reciprocating (back and forth) motion in the
follower, which is a lever making contact with the cam.The cam can be seen as a device
that rotates from circular to reciprocating (or sometimes oscillating) motion. A common
example is the camshaft of an automobile, which takes the rotary motion of the engine
and translates it into the reciprocating motion necessary to operate the intake and exhaust
valves of the cylinders. Cams can also be viewed as information-storing and transmitting
devices. Examples are the cam-drums that direct the notes of a musical box or the
movements of a screw machine's various tools and chucks. The information stored and
transmitted by the cam.
5.5 Bevelgear
A bevel gear is a type of mechanical gear. These gears where the axes of the two shafts
intersect and the tooth bearing faces of the gears themselves are conically shaped. Bevel
gears are most often mounted on shafts that are 90 degrees apart, but can be designed to
work at other angles as well. The pitch surface of bevel gears is a cone.
5.6 Hydraulic bottle jack
Bottle jacks are hydraulic jacks that are placed in a horizontal position. These jacks push
against a lever, which lifts the main lift arm. Bottle jacks have a longer handle than most
hydraulic jacks, however, and it is possible to get more lift per stroke with the increased
leverage they provide when compared to regular models of jacks. Bottle jacks are
versatile because their horizontal position makes it possible to place them in tight spots
and provides good leverage. Recently bottle jacks have proven useful in search and
rescue missions following earthquake damage. As a result, bottle jacks are standard

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equipment in firehouses and for search and rescue teams. They are also used for lifting,
spreading, bending, pushing, pressing, or straightening requirements. The base and
cylinders of bottle jacks are electrically welded for strength, and all models are capable of
working in upright, angled, or horizontal positions.
5.7 Vice
It is a device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a work piece; one of the jaws is
fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a work
piece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be
permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic work pieces, the active
faces of the jaws are hardened steel plates, often removable, with serrations that grip the
work piece; to prevent damage to soft parts, the permanent jaws can be covered with
temporary jaws made from sheet copper or leather. Pipe vises have double V-shaped jaws
that grip in four places instead of only two. Woodworking vises have smooth jaws, often
of wood, and rely on friction alone rather than on serrations.
For holding work pieces on the tables of machine tools, vises with smooth hardened-steel
jaws and flat bases are used. These machine vises are portable but may be clamped to the
machine table when in use; means may also be provided for swiveling the active part of
the vise so that the work piece can be held in a variety of positions relative to the base.
For holding parts that cannot be clamped with flat jaws, special jaws can be provided.
5.8 Bearing
A bearing is a device to permit constrained relative motion between two parts, typically
rotation or linear movement.
Bearings may be classified broadly according to the motions they allow and according to
their principle of operation. Low friction bearings are often important for efficiency, to
reduce wear and to facilitate high speeds.
Essentially, a bearing can reduce friction by virtue of its shape, by its material, or by
introducing and containing a fluid between surfaces. By shape, gains advantage usually
by using spheres or rollers. By material, exploits the nature of the bearing material used.

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Sliding bearings, usually called bushes bushings journal bearings sleeve bearings rifle
bearings or plain bearings. rolling-element bearings such as ball bearings and roller
bearings.
Jewel bearings, in which the load is carried by rolling the axle slightly off-center. fluid
bearings, in which the load is carried by a gas or liquid magnetic bearings, in which the
load is carried by a magnetic field. Flexure bearings, in which the motion is supported by
a load element which bends. Bearings vary greatly over the forces and speeds that they
can support. Forces can be radial, axial (thrust bearings) or moments perpendicular to the
main axis.
Bearings very typically involve some degree of relative movement between surfaces, and
different types have limits as to the maximum relative surface speeds they can handle,
and this can be specified as a speed in ft/s or m/s. The moving parts there is considerable
overlap between capabilities, but plain bearings can generally handle the lowest speeds
while rolling element bearings are faster, hydrostatic bearings faster still, followed by gas
bearings and finally magnetic bearings which have no known upper speed limit.
5.9 Drilling tool
Drilling tool is a cylindrical end-cutting tool used to originate or enlarge circular holes in
solid material. Usually, drills are rotated by a drilling machine and fed into stationary
work, but on other types of machines a stationary drill may be fed into rotating work or
drill and work may rotate in opposite directions. To form the two cutting edges and to
permit the admission of a coolant and the ejection of chips, two longitudinal or helical
grooves or flutes are provided. The point or tip, of a drill is usually conical in shape, and
it has cutting edges where the flutes end. The angle formed by the tapering sides of the
point determines how large a chip is taken off with each rotation of the drill. The degree
of twist of the helical flutes also affects the drill’s cutting and chip-removal properties.
For general purpose twist drills the helix angle is about 32°. The angle formed by the two
sides of the tapering point is 118° for standard drills, while for drilling tough metals, a
flatter point with a 135° angle is recommended.
The peripheral portion of the drill body not cut away by the flutes is called the land, and
to reduce friction and prevent the land from rubbing against the sides of the hole, most of

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the land is cut away, leaving a narrow ridge called the margin that follows the edge of the
side of the flute that forms the cutting edge. The fluted part, or body, of a drill is either
hardened high-carbon steel or high-speed steel; other drills have inserts of cemented
carbide to form cutting edges or are made from sintered-carbide rods. The shanks of twist
drills are either straight or tapered and when not integral with the body are made from
low-carbon steel and welded to the body.
.
Drill bit

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3. Machine drawing

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Chapter :- 6 WORKING PRINCIPLE
Here the bevel gear arrangement is used for carrying out the operations. Bevel gear is
used to perpendicular (90) power transmission. One of the bevel gear is connected with
the motor and another one with the drill chuck hence when the motor is rotated the drill
chuck also rotates. The motor pulley shaft is connected to a cam arrangement on the other
side. Cam arrangement converts rotary motion into reciprocating motion and the
reciprocating motion is used for the slotting and shaping operation.
The slotting toll and shaping tool are guided by a horizontal guide bush. The up down
table is mounted on a hydraulic bottle jack piston rod hence when the bottle jack handle
is pumped the table height can be adjusted according to the requirement when the after
the process is completed the pressure should be released through pressure relief valve to
make the table come down. A vice is mounted on the table to hold the work piece.
List of materials factors determining the choice ofmaterials
The various factors which determine the choice of material are discussed below.
6.1 Properties
The material selected must possess the necessary properties for the proposed application.
The various requirements to be satisfied that Can be weight, surface finish, rigidity,
ability to withstand environmental attack from chemicals, service life, reliability etc.
The following four types of principle properties of materials decisively affect their
selection
a. Physical
b. Mechanical
c. From manufacturing point of view
d. Chemical
The various physical properties concerned are melting point, thermal Conductivity,
specific heat, coefficient of thermal expansion, specific gravity, electrical conductivity,
magnetic purposes etc. The various Mechanical properties Concerned are strength in

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tensile, Compressive shear, bending, torsional and buckling load, fatigue resistance,
impact resistance, elastic limit, endurance limit, and modulus of elasticity, hardness, wear
resistance and sliding properties.
The various properties concerned from the manufacturing point of view are,
a. Cast ability
b. Weld ability
c. Forge ability
d. Surface properties
e. Shrinkage
f. Deep drawing etc.
6.2 Manufacturing case
Sometimes the demand for lowest possible manufacturing cost or surface qualities
obtainable by the application of suitable coating substances may demand the use of
special materials.
6.3 Quality Required
This generally affects the manufacturing process and ultimately the material. For
example, it would never be desirable to go casting of a less number of components which
can be fabricated much more economically by welding or hand forging the steel.
6.4 Availability of Material
Some materials may be scarce or in short supply it then becomes obligatory for the
designer to use some other material which though may not be a perfect substitute for the
material designed. The delivery of materials and the delivery date of product should also
be kept in mind.
6.5 Space consideration
Sometimes high strength materials have to be selected because the forces involved are
high and space limitations are there.

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6.6 Cost
As in any other problem, in selection of material the cost of material plays an important
part and should not be ignored. Sometimes factors like scrap utilization, appearance and
non-maintenance of the designed part are involved in the selection of proper materials.
6.7 Merits
a. Easy to operate.
b. Reduces time and increases production rate.
c. Low maintenance.
d. Easy to implement
6.8 Applications
a. Used in small scale industries to reduce machine cost.
b. In such places where frequent change in operation are required.
6.9 Advantages
 Multi machine are performed at one time.
 Our machine is used Return stroke (whit worth) mechanism.
 The return stroke of shaper machine is utilized as cutting operation.
 All operation is performed by only one motor.
 Size is compact therefore it requires less space.
 Time saving.
 Less man power is required.
 Low manufacturing & maintenance cost.

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Chapter: 7 OPERATION OF MACHINE
Operations perform by machine:-
1. DRILLING
2. SHAPING
3. CUTTING
7.1 DRILLING
Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the work-piece by using a rotating
cutter called DRILL.
 The machine used for drilling is called drilling machine.
 The drilling operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is held
in tailstock and the work is held by the chuck.
 The most common drill used is twist drill.
Drilling Machine
 It is the simplest and accurate machine used in production shop.
 The work piece is held stationary i.e. champed in position and the drill rotates to
make a hole.

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Components of Drilling Machine
1. Spindle
The spindle holds the drill or cutting tools and revolves in a fixed position in a
sleeve.
2. Sleeve
The sleeve or quill assembly does not revolve but may slide in its bearing in a
direction parallel to its axis. When the sleeve carrying the spindle with a
cutting tool is lowered, the cutting tool is fed into the work and when its
moved upward, the cutting tool is withdrawn from the work. Feed pressure
applied to the sleeve by hand or power causes the revolving drill to cut its way
into the work a fraction of an mm per revolution.
3. Column
The column is cylindrical in shape and built rugged and solid. The column
supports the head and the sleeve or quill assembly.
4. Head
The head of the drilling machine is composed of the sleeve, a spindle, an
electric motor and feed mechanism. The head is bolted to the column.
5. Worktable
The worktable is supported on an arm mounted to the column. The worktable
can be adjusted vertically to accommodate different heights of work or it can
be swung completely out of the way. It may be tilted up to 90 degree in either
direction, to allow long pieces to be end or angle drilled.

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6. Base
The base of the drilling machine supports the entire machine and when bolted
to the floor, provides for vibration-free operation and best machining
accuracy. The top of the base is similar to the worktable and may be equipped
with t- slot for mounting work too large for the table.
7. Hand feed
The hand feed drilling machine are the simplest and most common type of
drilling machine in use today. These are light duty machine that are operated
by the operator, using a feed handled, so that the operator is able to “feel” the
action of the cutting tool as it cuts through the work piece. These drilling
machines can be bench or floor mounted.
8. Power feed
The power feed drilling machine are usually larger and heavier than the hand
feed ones they are equipped with the ability to feed the cutting tool in to the
work automatically duty work or the work that uses large drills that require
power feed larger work pieces are usually clamped directly to the table or base
using t- bolts and clamps by a small work places are held in a vice. A depth-
stop mechanism is located on the head, near the spindle, to aid in drilling to a
precise depth.

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Drilling machine
Specification:-
Drill size in mm Feed in mm/rev.
3.2 & less 0.025-0.050
3.2 to 6.4 0.050-0.10
6.4 to 12.7 0.10-0.18
12.7 to 25.4 0.18-0.38
25.4 & large 0.38-0.64

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7.2 SHAPING
The shaping machine is used to machine flat metal surfaces especially where a
large amount of metal has to be removed. Other machines such as milling
machines are much more expensive and more suited to removing smaller
amounts of metal, very accurately.
 The reciprocating motion of the mechanism inside the shaping
machine can be seen in the diagram. As the disc rotates the top of the
machine moves forwards and backwards, pushing a cutting tool. The
cutting tool removes the metal from work which is carefully bolted
down.
 The shaping machine is a simple and yet extremely effective machine.
It is used to remove material, usually metals such as steel or
aluminum, to produce a flat surface. However, it can also be used to
manufacture gears such as rack and pinion systems and other complex
shapes. Inside its shell/casing is a crank and slider mechanism that
pushes the cutting tool forward and returns it to its original position.
This motion is continuous.
Shaping machine

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7.3 CUTTING
A hacksaw is a fine tooth saw with a blade held under tension in a frame, used for
cutting materials such as metal or plastics, hand held hacksaws consist of a metal
arch with a handle, usually a pistol grip, with pins for attaching a narrow
disposable blade. A screw or other mechanism is used to put the thin blade under
tension. The blade can be mounted with a teeth facing toward or away from the
handle, resulting in cutting action on either the push or pull stroke. On the push
stroke, the arch will flex slightly, decreasing the tension on the blade.
Blades are available in standardized lengths, usually 10 or 12 inches for a
standard hand hacksaw. “junior” hacksaws are half the size. Powered hacksaw
may use large blade in a range of sizes, or small machines may use the same hand
blades.
Cutting machine

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Specification of hacksaw
Size of hacksaw blade:-
Thickness = 1.27-2.54mm
Width = 25.40-50.80mm
Length = 304.80-609.60mm
Work piece material Cutting speed in m/s
Mild steel 0.75
Cast iron 0.50
Brass/ aluminum 1.5
Bronze 1.25
Thin section(pipes & tubes) 1.5

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Chapter:- 8 FUTURE IMPLIMENTATION
 We can perform various operations like cutting, drilling or shaping individually
by introducing coupling (engagement & disengagement) between them.
 We can perform grinding operation by introducing a grinding tool at the main
shaft.
 We can perform boring operation by introducing a boring tool by replacing
drilling tool.
 We can change the speed of motor by regulator.

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Chapter:- 9 CONCLUSION
After completing the major project on “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE”
we are much happy and would like to thank our teacher guides and the lectures of the
concerned department who have guided us.
While making this project we have been also to learn a lot and understand the various
aspects of “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE” we can use our knowledge,
which we get during our study.

38. CPU, KOTA Page 38
Chapter:- 10 REFRENCE
The websites:-
 www.technogystudent.com
 www.terry-eng27.blogspot.in
 www.wikipedia.org
 www.ask.refrence.com
 www.dictionary.refrence.com
 www.community.machinedesign.com
 www.google.com
 www.sciencedirect.com