The document discusses several common flow measuring devices used in fluid mechanics. The Venturi tube measures flow rate by reducing the cross sectional area of the flow path, creating a pressure difference that is used to calculate flow. The rotameter consists of a float inside a vertical glass tube; the height of the float indicates flow rate. A Pitot tube measures fluid velocity by converting kinetic energy to potential energy. A vortex flow meter uses sensors to measure alternating low pressure zones created by an obstruction, allowing flow strength to be determined.
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings, including rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings as well as flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. It describes the purpose of couplings in connecting shafts and allowing for misalignment while transmitting motion. Requirements for good shaft couplings include easy connection/disconnection, full power transmission without losses, holding shafts in alignment, and reducing shock loads. The document concludes with information on coupling maintenance through inspection and lubrication and potential failure modes from improper installation or operation beyond design capabilities.
The document discusses the Geneva mechanism, which converts continuous rotation into intermittent rotary motion. It does this through a drive wheel with a pin that engages slots on a driven wheel, advancing it by one step. There are three main types: external, internal, and spherical. Applications include film projectors, mechanical watches, assembly lines, and CNC machines. The Geneva mechanism provides a simple solution for intermittent motion but exhibits more jerk than more advanced cam systems. Future uses could include engine applications, bottle indexing, and pen changers.
This document provides an overview of various hydraulic machines, including accumulators, intensifiers, presses, cranes, lifts, rams, couplings, torque converters, air lift pumps, and jet pumps. It describes the basic construction and working principles of each machine. For examples like accumulators, presses, cranes, and lifts, it provides illustrations and explanations of how they work to lift or move heavy loads using fluid power. The document aims to introduce these common hydraulic devices and their functions.
The document discusses cams and followers, which are rotating machine elements where a cam gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element called a follower. Cams are usually rotated at uniform speed by a shaft, while the follower motion is predetermined by the cam shape. Cams are used in applications like clocks, machines, engines. Cams are classified as radial or cylindrical based on the follower motion direction. The document provides examples and terminology for radial cams, and discusses follower motion profiles and deriving cam profiles based on given follower motions.
The document discusses different types of mechanisms and their inversions. It describes three main types of kinematic chains: four bar chains, single slider crank chains, and double slider crank chains. It provides examples of inversions for each type. For four bar chains, inversions include double cranks and crank-rocker mechanisms. Inversions of single slider crank chains include pendulum pumps, oscillating cylinder engines, and rotary internal combustion engines. Inversions of double slider crank chains include elliptical couplings and scotch yoke mechanisms.
This document summarizes different mechanisms for straight line motion, including the Paucellier mechanism and Robert mechanism. The Paucellier mechanism uses six rigid bars of fixed lengths arranged to produce exact straight line motion from one point. The Robert mechanism is a four bar linkage that converts rotary motion into approximate straight line motion. Both mechanisms have applications in machinery for converting rotational motion into reciprocal or linear motion.
LATHE MACHINE,CLASSIFICATION OF LATHE MACHINES,WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LATHE BY ...POLAYYA CHINTADA
The document discusses the classification of lathes. It describes several types of lathes including speed lathes, engine lathes, bench lathes, tool room lathes, capstan and turret lathes, automatic lathes, and special purpose lathes. For each type of lathe, it provides details on their construction, applications, and distinguishing features. The overall purpose is to help students understand the different kinds of lathes and their uses.
The document discusses several common flow measuring devices used in fluid mechanics. The Venturi tube measures flow rate by reducing the cross sectional area of the flow path, creating a pressure difference that is used to calculate flow. The rotameter consists of a float inside a vertical glass tube; the height of the float indicates flow rate. A Pitot tube measures fluid velocity by converting kinetic energy to potential energy. A vortex flow meter uses sensors to measure alternating low pressure zones created by an obstruction, allowing flow strength to be determined.
This document discusses different types of shaft couplings, including rigid couplings like sleeve, clamp, and flange couplings as well as flexible couplings like bushed pin, universal, and Oldham couplings. It describes the purpose of couplings in connecting shafts and allowing for misalignment while transmitting motion. Requirements for good shaft couplings include easy connection/disconnection, full power transmission without losses, holding shafts in alignment, and reducing shock loads. The document concludes with information on coupling maintenance through inspection and lubrication and potential failure modes from improper installation or operation beyond design capabilities.
The document discusses the Geneva mechanism, which converts continuous rotation into intermittent rotary motion. It does this through a drive wheel with a pin that engages slots on a driven wheel, advancing it by one step. There are three main types: external, internal, and spherical. Applications include film projectors, mechanical watches, assembly lines, and CNC machines. The Geneva mechanism provides a simple solution for intermittent motion but exhibits more jerk than more advanced cam systems. Future uses could include engine applications, bottle indexing, and pen changers.
This document provides an overview of various hydraulic machines, including accumulators, intensifiers, presses, cranes, lifts, rams, couplings, torque converters, air lift pumps, and jet pumps. It describes the basic construction and working principles of each machine. For examples like accumulators, presses, cranes, and lifts, it provides illustrations and explanations of how they work to lift or move heavy loads using fluid power. The document aims to introduce these common hydraulic devices and their functions.
The document discusses cams and followers, which are rotating machine elements where a cam gives reciprocating or oscillating motion to another element called a follower. Cams are usually rotated at uniform speed by a shaft, while the follower motion is predetermined by the cam shape. Cams are used in applications like clocks, machines, engines. Cams are classified as radial or cylindrical based on the follower motion direction. The document provides examples and terminology for radial cams, and discusses follower motion profiles and deriving cam profiles based on given follower motions.
The document discusses different types of mechanisms and their inversions. It describes three main types of kinematic chains: four bar chains, single slider crank chains, and double slider crank chains. It provides examples of inversions for each type. For four bar chains, inversions include double cranks and crank-rocker mechanisms. Inversions of single slider crank chains include pendulum pumps, oscillating cylinder engines, and rotary internal combustion engines. Inversions of double slider crank chains include elliptical couplings and scotch yoke mechanisms.
This document summarizes different mechanisms for straight line motion, including the Paucellier mechanism and Robert mechanism. The Paucellier mechanism uses six rigid bars of fixed lengths arranged to produce exact straight line motion from one point. The Robert mechanism is a four bar linkage that converts rotary motion into approximate straight line motion. Both mechanisms have applications in machinery for converting rotational motion into reciprocal or linear motion.
LATHE MACHINE,CLASSIFICATION OF LATHE MACHINES,WORKING PRINCIPLE OF LATHE BY ...POLAYYA CHINTADA
The document discusses the classification of lathes. It describes several types of lathes including speed lathes, engine lathes, bench lathes, tool room lathes, capstan and turret lathes, automatic lathes, and special purpose lathes. For each type of lathe, it provides details on their construction, applications, and distinguishing features. The overall purpose is to help students understand the different kinds of lathes and their uses.
A solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve that uses a solenoid to regulate air movement. It contains a magnetic coil, valve stem, valve sheet, inlet, outlet, plunger and breakaway pin. Solenoid valves are used to control hydraulic systems and mix or distribute air in applications like RO purifiers and dust collectors.
Vibrating conveyors move materials through the use of vibration rather than belts or screws. They are useful for conveying bulk materials either horizontally or at slight inclines. The document discusses the definition, types, working principle, functions, power requirements, applications, advantages, and limitations of vibrating conveyors. Vibrating conveyors transfer material through a trough or tube that is flexibly mounted and vibrated, causing the material to move in a continuous flow. They are well-suited for handling fragile or irregular items and can operate in harsh environments.
Belt drives use belts looped over pulleys to mechanically link rotating shafts and transmit power between them. Common types include flat, round, V-belt, multi-groove, and timing belts. Belt drives are simple, economical, allow for shaft misalignment, absorb shock, and can transmit power over long distances. However, they have speed and power limits and require adjustment over time for belt stretch.
Gate valve working and function of the partsShahid Akram
A gate valve uses a wedge-shaped gate that allows fluid flow when lifted off its seat. Gate valves have less resistance to flow than globe valves and should always be fully open or closed. There are two main types - parallel gate valves which use a flat disc between parallel seats for low pressures, and wedge-shaped valves which use inclined seats and gate for tight shut-off. Gate valves are commonly used in air, fuel gas, feedwater, steam, and other piping systems due to their good shut-off characteristics, bi-directionality, and minimal pressure loss through the valve. However, they are not quick opening/closing and require more space than other valves.
This document describes a hydraulically actuated robotic arm made of various connected parts that is controlled by syringes filled with fluid. The arm uses hydraulic pressure from the syringes to move its joints and pick up or place small items. It consists of linked parts that provide constrained movement and can rotate 130 degrees. The syringes act as the arm's hydraulic muscles to push, pull, turn, and lift items in a mechanized assembly or manufacturing process.
Introduction to robotics, Laws,Classification,Types, Drives,Geometry Mohammad Ehtasham
Introduction to robotics , Basic overview ,Classification of robotics,laws of robotics,Types of robot, Robot Geometry, Robot drives, Some of the key benefits of robots in industry and society
This document discusses different types of belts used for power transmission, including their characteristics and applications. It describes velocity ratio as the ratio between driver and follower velocities. The main belt types are flat belt, V-belt, round belt, and timing belt. Flat belts are simple but can slip. V-belts have grooves that prevent slipping and are widely used. Round belts are for low torque over long distances. Timing belts ensure precision motion transfer without slippage.
The document discusses robot kinematics and programming. It covers topics like robot joints and links, forward and inverse kinematics, position representation, homogeneous transformations, teach pendants, robot programming methods including leadthrough and textual languages, interpolation schemes, and generations of robot programming languages. Examples of concepts like translation, rotation, and programming commands are provided.
This document provides an introduction to industrial robotics, including:
- The different types of automation including hard automation, programmable automation, and autonomous robots.
- The current applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.
- How robot anatomy is inspired by human and animal anatomy, including arms, joints, sensors and a controlling brain.
- The typical configurations of industrial robot manipulators including Cartesian, cylindrical, polar, jointed arm, and SCARA designs.
- Robot control systems ranging from limited sequence control to intelligent control.
- Common end effectors used by robots including grippers for grasping and tools for specific tasks.
The document discusses jig boring machines. It provides information on:
1) The need for jig boring machines to achieve high accuracy of hole positions and sizes that is demanded for applications like dies and fixtures.
2) The working principle of jig boring, which involves moving either the rotating tool or stationary workpiece to bore holes into the workpiece.
3) The typical construction of jig boring machines, including features like the table, saddle, column, and spindle head that provide movement capabilities.
Pumps in Pharmaceutical & Chemical Industriesharish pandey
This document discusses different types of pumps used in the pharmaceutical industry. It describes pumps as devices that move fluids from a low pressure area to a high pressure area by mechanical means. Pumps are classified as either dynamic or positive displacement pumps. Dynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps such as peripheral, mixed flow, and axial flow pumps. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps such as piston and diaphragm pumps as well as rotary pumps such as gear, lobe, sliding vane, and screw pumps. The document provides examples of applications for each type of pump.
The document discusses various methods for generating and finishing gear teeth, including gear shaping with pinion-shaped or rack-shaped cutters, gear hobbing with a helical hob, and broaching. Gear shaping involves rotating a pinion-shaped cutter to cut gear teeth into a gear blank. Gear hobbing uses a helical hob to progressively cut gear teeth as the hob and blank continuously mesh and rotate. Finishing processes like grinding, burnishing, and lapping further improve surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
A robotic arm is a mechanical arm that can perform tasks like a human arm through rotational or translational joints between its linked parts. It can perform functions in places humans cannot access, such as in outer space or hazardous environments. Robotic arms are useful for industrial processes, medical applications, handling hazardous materials, and underwater applications due to their lightweight and programmable design.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumatic by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This file contains basic information about hydraulics and pneumatic systems.
1. Industrial robots are automated machines that can perform manufacturing tasks like welding, assembly, and material handling along 3 or more axes.
2. Robots provide benefits like increased precision, safety, and productivity through improved reliability and decreased costs, but also risks like job loss and high implementation costs.
3. Common types of industrial robots include articulated, SCARA, cartesian, delta, and collaborative robots used for different applications like packaging, painting, and machine tending.
It is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.
It is basically a 6 link mechanism that converts rotary motion of crank into linear straight line motion of vertical sliding link that in practice is used in pumps and other purposes.
The document describes several common types of valves used to regulate fluid flow, including their basic designs and purposes. Globe valves are used to throttle flow and have a Z, Y, or angle body design. Gate valves open and close flow but are not for regulating. Ball valves maintain high pressure/volume flow and have low costs. Butterfly valves are compact with low pressure drops. Diaphragm valves isolate fluid but need maintenance. Pinch valves use a rubber tube and are good for solids. Check valves only allow flow in one direction using flaps or disks.
IRJET- Design and Analysis Material Handling System using Kinematic Mecha...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a material handling system using a kinematic mechanism. The system aims to replace conventional conveyor belts with a low-cost, intermittent motion system using linkages and a motor. It uses a double crank mechanism to convert the motor's rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The design is modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to test for displacement and stress. The system is intended to automate material handling for small scale industries in a affordable and low maintenance way.
The document describes a box transport mechanism created by Jasim Ahraf. It discusses the aims and objectives of designing the mechanism to provide intermittent movement of packages in industries. It reviews different types of linkage mechanisms including simple planar linkages like reverse-motion, push-pull, parallel-motion and bell-crank linkages. It specifically discusses using a crank-rocker mechanism for the box transport mechanism and describes the functions of linkages like converting continuous rotation into continuous or reciprocating motion. It also covers the materials, tools and procedures used to fabricate the box transport mechanism.
A solenoid valve is an electrically controlled valve that uses a solenoid to regulate air movement. It contains a magnetic coil, valve stem, valve sheet, inlet, outlet, plunger and breakaway pin. Solenoid valves are used to control hydraulic systems and mix or distribute air in applications like RO purifiers and dust collectors.
Vibrating conveyors move materials through the use of vibration rather than belts or screws. They are useful for conveying bulk materials either horizontally or at slight inclines. The document discusses the definition, types, working principle, functions, power requirements, applications, advantages, and limitations of vibrating conveyors. Vibrating conveyors transfer material through a trough or tube that is flexibly mounted and vibrated, causing the material to move in a continuous flow. They are well-suited for handling fragile or irregular items and can operate in harsh environments.
Belt drives use belts looped over pulleys to mechanically link rotating shafts and transmit power between them. Common types include flat, round, V-belt, multi-groove, and timing belts. Belt drives are simple, economical, allow for shaft misalignment, absorb shock, and can transmit power over long distances. However, they have speed and power limits and require adjustment over time for belt stretch.
Gate valve working and function of the partsShahid Akram
A gate valve uses a wedge-shaped gate that allows fluid flow when lifted off its seat. Gate valves have less resistance to flow than globe valves and should always be fully open or closed. There are two main types - parallel gate valves which use a flat disc between parallel seats for low pressures, and wedge-shaped valves which use inclined seats and gate for tight shut-off. Gate valves are commonly used in air, fuel gas, feedwater, steam, and other piping systems due to their good shut-off characteristics, bi-directionality, and minimal pressure loss through the valve. However, they are not quick opening/closing and require more space than other valves.
This document describes a hydraulically actuated robotic arm made of various connected parts that is controlled by syringes filled with fluid. The arm uses hydraulic pressure from the syringes to move its joints and pick up or place small items. It consists of linked parts that provide constrained movement and can rotate 130 degrees. The syringes act as the arm's hydraulic muscles to push, pull, turn, and lift items in a mechanized assembly or manufacturing process.
Introduction to robotics, Laws,Classification,Types, Drives,Geometry Mohammad Ehtasham
Introduction to robotics , Basic overview ,Classification of robotics,laws of robotics,Types of robot, Robot Geometry, Robot drives, Some of the key benefits of robots in industry and society
This document discusses different types of belts used for power transmission, including their characteristics and applications. It describes velocity ratio as the ratio between driver and follower velocities. The main belt types are flat belt, V-belt, round belt, and timing belt. Flat belts are simple but can slip. V-belts have grooves that prevent slipping and are widely used. Round belts are for low torque over long distances. Timing belts ensure precision motion transfer without slippage.
The document discusses robot kinematics and programming. It covers topics like robot joints and links, forward and inverse kinematics, position representation, homogeneous transformations, teach pendants, robot programming methods including leadthrough and textual languages, interpolation schemes, and generations of robot programming languages. Examples of concepts like translation, rotation, and programming commands are provided.
This document provides an introduction to industrial robotics, including:
- The different types of automation including hard automation, programmable automation, and autonomous robots.
- The current applications of industrial robots in manufacturing.
- How robot anatomy is inspired by human and animal anatomy, including arms, joints, sensors and a controlling brain.
- The typical configurations of industrial robot manipulators including Cartesian, cylindrical, polar, jointed arm, and SCARA designs.
- Robot control systems ranging from limited sequence control to intelligent control.
- Common end effectors used by robots including grippers for grasping and tools for specific tasks.
The document discusses jig boring machines. It provides information on:
1) The need for jig boring machines to achieve high accuracy of hole positions and sizes that is demanded for applications like dies and fixtures.
2) The working principle of jig boring, which involves moving either the rotating tool or stationary workpiece to bore holes into the workpiece.
3) The typical construction of jig boring machines, including features like the table, saddle, column, and spindle head that provide movement capabilities.
Pumps in Pharmaceutical & Chemical Industriesharish pandey
This document discusses different types of pumps used in the pharmaceutical industry. It describes pumps as devices that move fluids from a low pressure area to a high pressure area by mechanical means. Pumps are classified as either dynamic or positive displacement pumps. Dynamic pumps include centrifugal pumps such as peripheral, mixed flow, and axial flow pumps. Positive displacement pumps include reciprocating pumps such as piston and diaphragm pumps as well as rotary pumps such as gear, lobe, sliding vane, and screw pumps. The document provides examples of applications for each type of pump.
The document discusses various methods for generating and finishing gear teeth, including gear shaping with pinion-shaped or rack-shaped cutters, gear hobbing with a helical hob, and broaching. Gear shaping involves rotating a pinion-shaped cutter to cut gear teeth into a gear blank. Gear hobbing uses a helical hob to progressively cut gear teeth as the hob and blank continuously mesh and rotate. Finishing processes like grinding, burnishing, and lapping further improve surface finish and dimensional accuracy.
A robotic arm is a mechanical arm that can perform tasks like a human arm through rotational or translational joints between its linked parts. It can perform functions in places humans cannot access, such as in outer space or hazardous environments. Robotic arms are useful for industrial processes, medical applications, handling hazardous materials, and underwater applications due to their lightweight and programmable design.
Introduction to hydraulics and pneumatic by Varun Pratap SinghVarun Pratap Singh
Download Link (Copy URL):
https://sites.google.com/view/varunpratapsingh/teaching-engagements
This file contains basic information about hydraulics and pneumatic systems.
1. Industrial robots are automated machines that can perform manufacturing tasks like welding, assembly, and material handling along 3 or more axes.
2. Robots provide benefits like increased precision, safety, and productivity through improved reliability and decreased costs, but also risks like job loss and high implementation costs.
3. Common types of industrial robots include articulated, SCARA, cartesian, delta, and collaborative robots used for different applications like packaging, painting, and machine tending.
It is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod.
It is basically a 6 link mechanism that converts rotary motion of crank into linear straight line motion of vertical sliding link that in practice is used in pumps and other purposes.
The document describes several common types of valves used to regulate fluid flow, including their basic designs and purposes. Globe valves are used to throttle flow and have a Z, Y, or angle body design. Gate valves open and close flow but are not for regulating. Ball valves maintain high pressure/volume flow and have low costs. Butterfly valves are compact with low pressure drops. Diaphragm valves isolate fluid but need maintenance. Pinch valves use a rubber tube and are good for solids. Check valves only allow flow in one direction using flaps or disks.
IRJET- Design and Analysis Material Handling System using Kinematic Mecha...IRJET Journal
This document describes the design and analysis of a material handling system using a kinematic mechanism. The system aims to replace conventional conveyor belts with a low-cost, intermittent motion system using linkages and a motor. It uses a double crank mechanism to convert the motor's rotary motion into reciprocating motion. The design is modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to test for displacement and stress. The system is intended to automate material handling for small scale industries in a affordable and low maintenance way.
The document describes a box transport mechanism created by Jasim Ahraf. It discusses the aims and objectives of designing the mechanism to provide intermittent movement of packages in industries. It reviews different types of linkage mechanisms including simple planar linkages like reverse-motion, push-pull, parallel-motion and bell-crank linkages. It specifically discusses using a crank-rocker mechanism for the box transport mechanism and describes the functions of linkages like converting continuous rotation into continuous or reciprocating motion. It also covers the materials, tools and procedures used to fabricate the box transport mechanism.
Development of Bottle Unscramble MachineIRJET Journal
This document describes the development of a bottle unscramble machine. The machine was designed to automatically position bottles vertically on a conveyor belt to increase efficiency and reduce manual labor. It consists of a drum that feeds bottles to a conveyor belt. The belt is rotated via a gearing mechanism connected to a DC motor. As the bottles move on the belt, a wooden scrapper helps guide them into a vertical position. The positioning accuracy of the machine is 95% due to the wooden construction. It has applications in bottle filling and packaging plants to further automate processing. The overall aim was to create an inexpensive and maintenance-free solution to automatically organize bottles on a conveyor line.
The document is a project report on a motorized Scotch yoke mechanism. It includes sections on the construction, mobility/degrees of freedom, working, advantages/disadvantages, and applications of the Scotch yoke mechanism. The mechanism converts rotational motion from a DC motor into reciprocating linear motion using a rotating crank, sliding yoke with slot, and connecting rod. It has applications in pumps, control valves, and some engine designs. The report also includes diagrams of the mechanism and references used.
The document describes the design of a remote-controlled forklift. It uses hydraulic cylinders powered by DC motors to lift and transport cargo. A microcontroller on the forklift receives command signals from a remote control unit using radio frequency transmission. The remote control unit and forklift microcontroller are both from the ATMEL family of chips. The system aims to allow operators to remotely control the forklift's movement and lifting functions to increase safety and precision when handling cargo.
The document describes a regenerative elevator system that can be used as emergency backup during power outages. The system uses a rack and pinion arrangement connected to the elevator cage to generate electricity from the kinetic energy of the moving elevator. As the elevator moves up and down, the rack reciprocates and turns the pinion, spinning a generator to charge a battery. This stored power can then run the elevator motor and allow emergency evacuation even without external power. The system was designed to safely transport people and rescue workers during emergencies using only passenger weight without fuel. It provides a eco-friendly backup solution for tall buildings that cannot afford generators.
IRJET- A Review on Design and Fabrication of Loading and Unloading System for...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the design and fabrication of a loading and unloading system for two-wheelers. It discusses the issues with current ramp systems being time-consuming and risky. The proposed system uses a lifting mechanism with a wire rope drive and electric motor to vertically lift a platform. Two columns support one end of the lifting platform, while the other end is connected via pulleys to ropes controlled by an electric motor and gearbox. This allows the platform to safely lift vehicles for maintenance and other purposes in a more efficient manner than current ramp systems. The design aims to provide a portable, low-cost loading/unloading solution for vehicles.
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Job Weight Operated Material Handling EquipmentIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and fabrication of a job weight operated material handling equipment. It aims to reduce electricity consumption and costs associated with traditional powered material handling systems. The system uses the potential energy of materials/jobs being transported to power its motion from one point to another instead of electricity. Key components include a weight-carrying plate, chain/rack assembly, sprockets, wheels, frame, and springs. It operates by converting the vertical movement of the weighted plate into rotational motion of wheels via the chain/sprocket mechanism to move the equipment linearly on its track. Advantages include no electricity use, low cost, easy maintenance and operation. It has applications in transferring materials between stations or loading/unloading trucks to reduce
Automation of Fixtures Using Hydraulic Power Pack for a Bogie UnderframeIOSR Journals
In this era of automation technologies manufacturing sectors have placed very high demands on fast and reliable production methods. This work is the evaluation & analysis of the existing clamping system. The current system uses manual clamping of fixtures for holding the work piece in the proper position while welding process is being done on the part. The evaluated system uses hydraulic vertical swing clamps for holding the work piece driven by hydraulic power pack. Thus the new system achieves automatic and simultaneous clamping of fixtures.
This document describes a remote operated forklift. It discusses how the forklift is operated through a remote control unit that uses radio frequency signals and microcontrollers to control the forklift's motors and movements. The forklift uses DC motors coupled to gears and chains to convert rotational motion to linear motion for lifting and lowering the forks, as well as driving the forklift in all directions. Safety protocols for operating forklifts are also mentioned.
Design and Development of Vertical Material Handling Lift for Reduce Cycl...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the design and development of a vertical material handling lift. The lift is intended to reduce cycle time and costs by more efficiently transporting casting products between floors of a factory. It consists of two frames, one that moves vertically relative to the other, powered by a 3 HP motor and rope system. Load cells measure the weight of products being carried. The lift is aimed at reducing the time and costs associated with using a crane to transport heavy products between floors.
The document describes the development of a wall-climbing robot that uses a tracked wheel mechanism. Two tracked wheels with 24 suction pads each are used to allow continuous locomotion up a vertical surface at a maximum speed of 15m/min. Mechanical valves are used to control vacuum supply to the suction pads as the wheels rotate. Engineering analyses were conducted to determine the required suction force and tendency of vacuum pressure changes during operation. An optimization experiment was also performed to maximize vacuum pressure using Taguchi methodology.
This document describes the development of a wall-climbing robot that uses a tracked wheel mechanism. The robot is able to climb vertical surfaces at a speed of 15 meters per minute. It uses 24 suction pads attached to two tracked wheels to adhere to surfaces. Mechanical valves are used to control vacuum pressure to the suction pads as the wheels rotate, allowing continuous locomotion up walls. Engineering analyses were conducted to determine the required suction forces and how vacuum pressure changes as suction pads are attached and detached during climbing.
The document describes the development of a wall-climbing robot that uses a tracked wheel mechanism. Two tracked wheels with 24 suction pads each are used to allow continuous locomotion up a vertical surface at a maximum speed of 15m/min. Mechanical valves are used to control vacuum supply to the suction pads as the wheels rotate. Engineering analyses were conducted to determine the required suction force and tendency of vacuum pressure changes during operation. An optimization experiment was also performed to maximize vacuum pressure using Taguchi methodology.
This document describes the development of a wall-climbing robot that uses a tracked wheel mechanism. Key points:
- The robot uses two tracked wheels with 24 suction pads each that are activated sequentially as the wheels rotate, allowing continuous climbing motion at a speed of 15m/min.
- The mechanical design and functioning of the tracked wheel system are described, including the use of mechanical valves to control vacuum supply to the suction pads.
- An experiment is presented that uses Taguchi methodology to optimize vacuum pressure, a critical factor for suction force.
Introduced gearless power transmission arrangement used for skew shafts. In this transmission system no. of pins or links used must be odd..3,5,7,9…..& centers of any two pins or links hole must not be on that line which represent the diameter of the shaft. If more pins or links used motion will be smoother, but increase in no. of pins or links not at the cost of strength of the shaft. Pins or links are fixed (may be permanent of temporary) in the drilled holes at the both shaft ends due to which motion is transferred. The dimensions of the pins or links and angle for the pins are all given very precisely, holes drilled very accurately.
Proposed arrangement used for skew shafts at any angle & if there is a need we can change the angle between shafts during motion or during intermittent motion with any profile of shafts having rotational motion along its own axis. The Working of this arrangement is very smooth & use very effectively with a very minimum amount of power losses.
The document describes a mechanical fork lift. It discusses how fork lifts have revolutionized warehouse work by allowing one person to move thousands of pounds of cargo at once. The document then provides details on the construction of a prototype electric fork lift module, including the components used like the frame, shaft, spur gear, chain drive, bearing, wheel, DC motor and battery. It discusses the working principle and advantages of the electric fork lift, such as being suitable for indoor use and having minimal noise and emissions. Applications and a cost estimation are also provided.
IRJET- Automated Machine Design through Software Controller SupportIRJET Journal
The document proposes an automated machine design that uses a software controller to support a continuous cyclic mechanism for energy generation. It involves using components like a ball nut screw, gear shafts, coils of wire, and an Arduino controller to convert mechanical motion from a house jack into rotational motion that drives the coils to generate electricity, and then uses the generated electricity to power the jack in a self-sustaining cycle. The goal is to create a machine that can generate power continuously without relying on external energy sources like fossil fuels.
This thesis deal with design development and fabrication of “MULTI PURPOSE MECHANICAL MACHINE”. This machine is designed for the purpose of MULTI-OPERATIONs i.e. BLANKING, CUTTING, SHAPING, HAMMERING & GRINDING. This machine perform multipurpose operation at same time with required speed & this machine is automatic which is controlled or operated by motor which is run with the help of current. This machine is based on the mechanism of whit worth return. This model of the multi operational machine is may be used in industries and domestic operation which can perform mechanical operation like drilling, cutting & shaping of a thin metallic as well as wooden model or body
IRJET- Conceptualization of Pneumatic Uplift Mechanism for Live Roller ConveyorIRJET Journal
This document proposes conceptualizing a pneumatic uplift mechanism for a live roller conveyor. It begins with an introduction to conveyor systems and their widespread industrial applications. The authors then define the problem of existing conveyors being heavy and continuously powered. Their objective is to design an optimized roller conveyor using pneumatics for indexing and holding boxes during assembly. A flowchart outlines the work methodology, including modeling, recommendations, and automation. The proposed concept would use compressed air to control the conveyor movement and positioning in packaging industries, replacing belt conveyors for improved efficiency.
Similar to Km151 box moving transporting using four bar link mechanism (wecompress) (20)
This document describes a solar-powered grass cutter. It uses solar panels to convert solar energy into electrical energy, which is stored in batteries. A motor connected to the batteries drives a scotch yoke mechanism that converts the motor's rotational motion into a sliding motion that causes the grass cutting blades to move. This cuts grass in an even manner without noise or air pollution. It can be easily operated by people of all ages and abilities. While successful in concept, the current prototype has room for improvement in efficiency and design to better cut different types of grass. Further modifications aim to address these areas.
This document describes a multipurpose agriculture robot that can perform various farming tasks remotely or with some automation. The robot has capabilities like digging, seeding, water spraying, and covering seeds with sand. It aims to make daily farming tasks easier using remote control of the tractor and automated water spraying. The robot chassis contains motors, gear boxes, a battery, and other electronics to operate arms for digging, seeding, and spraying. It can help till land, sow seeds automatically, level the ground, and spray water under wireless control through an android device. The project aims to design an intelligent robotic vehicle to remotely control farming operations and overcome labor challenges in agriculture.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
What is Digital Literacy? A guest blog from Andy McLaughlin, University of Ab...
Km151 box moving transporting using four bar link mechanism (wecompress)
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BOX TRANSFER MECHANISM, THROUGH
KINEMATIC LINK
P.R. Kothule1
, M.R. Chavan2
, S.P. Bhalerao3
1,2,3
Mechanical Second Shift, Guru Gobind Singh Polytechnic Nashik (India)
ABSTRACT
There has been a serious demand for intermittent movement of packages in the industries right from the start.
Though the continuous movement is more or less important in the same field of the sporadic motion has become
essential. The objective of this study is to design a mechanism that delivers this stop and move motion using the
mechanical linkages. The advantage of this system over the conveyor system is that the system has a time delay
between moving packages and this delay can be used to introduce any alterations in the package or move the
package for any other purpose and likewise. While in the normal conveyor mechanism such actions cannot be
performed unless programmed module is used to produce intermittent stopping of the belt which is basically costly.
The prototype design requires an electric motor, shafts and the frame of which, the frame and platform on which the
packages are moved is fabricated. All the links are made up of normal MS (mild steel) and wood including the head
which has a direct contact with the boxes that are to be moved. The system is expected to move as heavy packages as
2 KGs approximately. The aim of the project work is to design and fabricate a box moving mechanism that makes
much easier to move with the so called quad staying machines by means of which a box blank is folded or set-up
into box like form. These set-up boxes are transferred by means of a conveyor to an operator, who picks up the
boxes and places and centers’ them on wrappers with which the boxes are to be covered. The boxes and wrappers
are then conveyed to a box wrapping machine where the wrapper is folded around and glued to the box. Usually,
the operation of the wrapping machine is controlled by means of a switch actuated by the box forming machine so
that their operating speeds are related to each other.
I INTRODUCTION
The box moving or shifting set up has a simple mechanism, operated with crank and links arrangement. As by the
electric motor rotary motion is converted into the To and Fro motion of the linkages, it takes very simple. The rotary
motion is converted in to linear motion by the crank and mechanical linkages arrangement. The conveyor system is
either continuous movement or if the time delay is to be produced there will be definite requirement of software
programming which will be costly. So a basic module of moving packages is designed with time delay which can be
used to do alterations if required in the package or move the package for any other purpose. This invention relates to
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improvements in transfer and conveying devices, and it relates particularly to devices for transferring set-up
cardboard boxes from a box folding or forming machine to the operator of a semi-automatic box wrapping machine.
A great many manufacturers of fancy wrapped or covered cardboard boxes used for packaging candies, cakes and
other confections, cosmetics and other articles are equipped computer-aided technologies [CAD, CAM]), to control
industrial machinery and processes, reducing the need for human intervention. In the scope of industrialization,
automation is a step beyond mechanization. Whereas mechanization provided human operators with machinery to
assist them with the muscular requirements of work, automation greatly reduces the need for human sensory and
mental requirements as well. Processes and systems can also be automated. Automation plays an increasingly
important role in the world economy and in daily experience. Engineers strive to combine automated devices with
mathematical and organizational tools to create complex systems for a rapidly expanding range of applications and
human activities.
II CONCEPT OF THE BOX TRANSPORT MECHANISM
This is mainly used for transporting (moving/shifting) boxes automatically.
It is driven through a DC motor and is powered through the main battery supply.
III PRINCIPLE
The principle of box moving is to change circulatory motion or cycling motion of the DC motor into
translator motion with the help of levers and linkages through metal connecting rods.
Application
Can use this mechanism in medical production fields.
It also can be used in bottle filling process.
Can use this mechanism in cool drinks production.
IV ADVANTAGES
Lubricants not required.
Simple to construct.
Low speed motor is sufficient.
Easy maintenance.
Less skilled operator is sufficient.
Noise of operation is reduced.
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V CONSTRUCTION
VI ADVANTAGES
Replacing human operators in tedious tasks.
Replacing humans in tasks that should be done in dangerous environments (i.e. fire, space, volcanoes, nuclear
facilities, underwater, etc.)
Making tasks that are beyond the human capabilities such as handling too heavy loads, too large objects, too hot
or too cold substances or the requirement to make things too fast or too slow.
Economy improvement. Sometimes and some kinds of automation implies improves in economy of enterprises,
society or most of humankind. For example, when an enterprise that has invested in automation technology
recovers its investment; when a state or country increases its income due to automation like Germany or Japan
in the 20th Century or when the humankind can use the internet which in turn use satellites and other automated
engines.
VII DISADVANTAGES
Technology limits. Current technology is unable to automate all the desired tasks.
Unpredictable development costs. The research and development cost of automating a process is difficult to
predict accurately beforehand. Since this cost can have a large impact on profitability, it's possible to finish
automating a process only to
Discover that there's no economic advantage in doing so.
Initial costs are relatively high. The automation of a new product required a huge initial investment in
comparison with the unit cost of the product, although the cost of automation is spread in many product batches.
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The automation of a plant required a great initial investment too, although this cost is spread in the products to
be produced.
IX SPECIFICATIONS OF THE MECHANISM
DC Motor Speed: 10 RPM
Box Size: 220mmx80mmx80mm
One to other box distance: 85mm (inner), 245 mm (outer)
Rail distance: 44 inches (length), 36 inches (height)
Mechanism: Crank with linkages
Crank Angle: 220 degrees
Materials: MS (Mild Steel) and Wood
Total mechanism weight: 11 Kg (approx.)
Box transmission: Step wise movement (delay between moving boxes)
X FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
The functional description of the project work is explained in brief here. For better understanding, the total project
work is divided into various blocks and each block explanation is provided here. The complete block diagram of this
project work is provided in the next chapter. The following is the description of overall function of the module. A
box shifting machine is used to transfer boxes/cartons generally on an assembly line. Industries worldwide use
conveyors as a mechanism to transport boxes from place to place. This mechanism includes strong belts, pulleys and
heavy motors to rotate the pulley to move the conveyor. As an alternative to this conveyor type, more simple and
comfortable machine using four bar mechanism can be used. This box shifting machine helps in transfer of boxes
smoothly by use of four bars with a simple arrangement. The four bar mechanism includes four links. One link is
fixed and the other links act as crank, follower and connecting rod. The rotary motion of the crank is transferred to
the follower by using connecting rod and is converted to the same rotary motion. This machine requires an electric
motor to provide input to the system.
Four-bar linkage
A four-bar linkage also called a four-bar is the simplest movable closed chain linkage. It consists of four bodies,
called bars or links connected in a loop by four joints. Generally, the joints are configured so the links move in
parallel planes and the assembly is called a planar four-bar linkage. If the linkage has four hinged joints with axes
angled to intersect in a single point, then the links move on concentric spheres and the assembly is called a spherical
four-bar linkage. Bennett's linkage is a spatial four-bar linkage with hinged joints that have their axes angled in a
particular way that makes the system movable.
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Inversion of Four bar Mechanism
A mechanism is one in which one of the links of a kinematic chain is fixed. Different mechanisms can be obtained
by fixing different links of the same kinematic chain. These are called as inversions of the mechanism. By changing
the fixed link, the number of mechanisms which can be obtained is equal to the number of links. Excepting the
original mechanism, all other mechanisms will be known as inversions of original mechanism. The inversion of a
mechanism does not change the motion of its links relative to each other. One of the most useful and most common
mechanisms is the four-bar linkage. In this mechanism, the link which can make complete rotation is known as
crank (link 2). The link which oscillates is known as rocker or lever (link 4). And the link connecting these two is
known as coupler (link 3). Link 1 is the frame.
Inversions of class 1 four bar mechanism:
When link 'b' is fixed : Crank Rocker or Crank Lever mechanism, in the shortest link rotates 360 degree
whereas the other link oscillates
When link 'a' is fixed : Crank Rocker or Crank Lever mechanism, in the shortest link rotates 360 degree
whereas the other link oscillates
When link 'd' is fixed : Drag link or Double crank mechanism in which the links 'a' and 'b' undergoes complete
360 dig motion
When link 'c' is fixed: Double rocker or Double lever mechanism in which no link makes a complete rotation
about its joints. In such case it is similar to class 2 four bar mechanisms
A mechanism has been defined above as a kinematic chain in which one of the links is fixed. From the four bar
mechanism, different versions of each of them can be obtained by fixing any one of the links p, q l or s. Such
different versions, which can be obtained by fixing any of the different links, are called its “Inversions”. Many a
time, a particular inversion of a mechanism may give rise to different mechanisms of practical utility, when the
proportions of the link lengths are changed. By this principle of inversion of a four bar chain, several useful
mechanisms can be obtained.
Design of four bar mechanisms
The synthesis, or design, of four bar mechanisms is important when aiming to produce a desired output motion for a
specific input motion. In order to minimize cost and maximize efficiency, a designer will choose the simplest
mechanism possible to accomplish the desired motion. When selecting a mechanism type to be designed, link
lengths must be determined by a process called dimensional synthesis. Dimensional synthesis involves an iterate-
and-analyze methodology which in certain circumstances can be an inefficient process; however, in unique
scenarios, exact and detailed procedures to design an accurate mechanism may not exist. The picture shown below is
for illustration purpose only. The actual model may not be exactly same as shown in the previous figure.
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Selection of Materials
Linkages
DC motor
M.S. Frame
Bearings
The design and fabrication of box shifting mechanism constructed by various components such as hilum board, dc
wiper motor, dc battery, steel stand and wooden pieces. In this steel frame build by using rectangular hollow pipes
and steel rods these are connected by welding operation. The hilum boards are cut by using cutting operation. The dc
wiper motor fitted on the frame by using bolt and nut joint. Power supply given from the dc battery (12volts and
7amps) through copper wires.
Dc motor
A windscreen wiper or windshield wiper is a device used to remove rain and debris from a windscreen or
windshield. Almost all motor vehicles, including trains, watercraft and some aircraft, are equipped with such wipers,
which are usually a legal requirement. A wiper generally consists of an arm, pivoting at one end and with a long
rubber blade attached to the other.
The blade is swung back and forth over the glass, pushing water from its surface. The speed is normally adjustable,
with several continuous speeds and often one or more "intermittent" settings. Most automobiles use two
synchronized radial type arms, while many commercial vehicles use one or more pantograph arms.
Bearings
A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion between moving parts to only the desired motion.
The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation
around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving
parts. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of
the loads (forces) applied to the parts.
External Factor
The service life of the bearing is affected by many parameters that are not controlled by the bearing manufactures.
Examples are bearing mounting, temperature, exposure to external environment, lubricant cleanliness and electrical
currents through bearings etc.
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Maintenance and lubrication
Many bearings require periodic maintenance to prevent premature failure, although some such as fluid or magnetic
bearings may require little maintenance. Most bearings in high cycle operations need periodic lubrication and
cleaning, and may require adjustment to minimize the effects of wear. Bearing life is often much better when the
bearing is kept clean and well-lubricated. However, many applications make good maintenance difficult. For
example bearings in the conveyor of a rock crusher are exposed continually to hard abrasive particles. Cleaning is of
little use because cleaning is expensive, yet the bearing is contaminated again as soon as the conveyor resumes
operation. Thus, a good maintenance program might lubricate the bearings frequently but never clean them.
Packing
Some bearings use thick grease for lubrication, which is pushed into the gaps between the bearing surfaces, also
known as packing. The grease is held in place by a plastic, leather, or rubber gasket (also called a gland) that covers
the inside and outside edges of the bearing race to keep the grease from escaping. Bearings may also be packed with
other materials. Historically, the wheels on railroad cars used sleeve bearings packed with waste or loose scraps
cotton or wool fiber soaked in oil, than later used solid pads of cotton.
Ring Oiler
Bearings can be lubricated by a metal ring that rides loosely on the central rotating shaft of the bearing. The ring
hangs down into a chamber containing lubricating oil. As the bearing rotates, viscous adhesion draws oil up the ring
and onto the shaft, where the oil migrates into the bearing to lubricate it. Excess oil is flung off and collects in the
pool again.
XI FABRICATION OF THE MACHINE
There are few types of fabrication methods are done on the machine. They are:
Arc cutting.
Drilling.
Grinding.
Further Operation
Cleaning.
Assembling.
Machining Operations
In this project it is used to cut the raw material such as plates, rod. This is done by arc cutting machine.
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Drilling
Drilling is used to produce holes in objects. In this project the square type pipe required the holes for making rake
assembly. These holes are done by vertical type drilling machine.
Fine Grinding
It is nothing but a grinding process, which is done as smooth with fine grains. It is done by convention grinding
machine.
Further Operations
Cleaning
It is the operation to clean the all machined parts without burrs, dust and chip formals. By meaning the parts they are
brightened and good looking.
Electric Motors – An Over View
Electric motors, both ac & dc motors, come in many shapes and sizes. Some are standardized electric motors for
general-purpose applications. Other electric motors are intended for specific tasks. In any case, electric motors
should be selected to satisfy the dynamic requirements of the machines on which they are applied without exceeding
rated electric motor temperature. Thus, the first and most important step in electric motor selection is determining
load characteristics -- torque and speed versus time. Electric motor selection is also based on mission goals, power
available, and cost.
Power Source Description
The power supplies are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for
electronic circuits and other devices. A RPS (Regulated Power Supply) is the Power Supply with Rectification,
Filtering and Regulation being done on the AC mains to get a Regulated power supply for the devices being used.
The motor used requires a supplyof +12V DC, which is derived from the single phase supply of 230V AC.A power
supply unit can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function. A DC power
supply which maintains the output voltage constant irrespective of AC mains fluctuations or load variations is
known as “Regulated D.C Power Supply”.
XII CONCLUSION
The box shifting mechanism plays a major role in industries, the process of transporting or shifting products from
one place to another was to be maintained by conveyors only. So we just successfully altered this with a box shifting
mechanism using the kinematics links and a motor. We had just implemented our basic mechanical knowledge and
designing skills for designing and fabricating this project successfully. Thus this project work might be useful in all
industries. For practical applications this is fabricated for light duty operation. Its height, weight and other
mechanical designs may be not suitable for any other heavy operation or work on hardened material. We are proud
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that we have completed the work with the limited time successfully. The project works with satisfactory conditions.
We are able to understand the difficulties in maintaining the tolerances and also quality. We have done to our ability
and skill making maximum use of available facilities.
REFERENCES
1. “A Review on Kinematic and Dynamic Analysis of Mechanism” by Shrikant R. Patel, D. S. Patel, B. D. Patel
Research Scholar, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor.
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crank_(mechanism)
3. A Text Book of Automobile Engineering by R. K. Rajput
4. A Text Book of Theory of Machines by R. S. Khurmi, J.K. Gupta
5. S.K. Hajra Choudhry and A.K. Hajra Choudhry, Workshop Technology (VOL II).
6. W.A. Chapman, Workshop Technology.
7. Raghuvanshi, Workshop Technology.
8. K.R. Gopalakrishnan, Machine Drawing.
9. Anderson &Tatro, Shop Theory.
10. Gerling, All About machines.
11. Mechatronics – Electronic Control Systems in Mechanical and electrical Engineering – By: W. Bolton.
12. Mechatronics and measurement systems - By: DAVID G. ALCIATORE and MICHAEL B. HISTAND.