This document discusses landslides, including what they are, their causes and impacts. It provides the following key points: - Landslides are the downslope movement of rock, debris and soil under the influence of gravity. They are classified based on movement (falls, slides, flows, creeps) and material (rock falls, debris falls, mud flows). - Common causes of landslides include heavy rainfall, earthquakes, deforestation, mining, urbanization. - Impacts of landslides include loss of life, damage to infrastructure and property, impacts on river ecosystems, and changes to landscapes. - Preventive measures include increasing forest cover, reducing urbanization activities, removing loose material from

1. Kripa Bhardwaj
Group Members: Submitted To:
LANDSLIDE

2. WHAT IS A DISASTER?
The term “DISASTER” owes its origin to French word “Disastre”, a
combination of two words “Des” meaning “Bad” and “Aster” meaning
“Star” thus the term Disaster refers to “Bad or Evil Star”.
Geographically, disasters are serious disruptions to the functioning of a
community that exceed its capacity to cope using its own
resources. Disasters can be caused by natural, man-made and
technological hazards, as well as various factors that influence the
exposure and vulnerability of a community.

3. Natural disasters are the result of
naturally occurring processes that have
operated throughout Earth's history. They
are beyond human control and are often
termed an “Act of God”. The list of natural
disasters include weather phenomena
such as tropical storms, extreme heat or
extreme cold, winds, floods, earthquakes,
landslides and volcanic eruptions.
TYPES OF DISASTER
NATURAL DISASTERS MAN-MADE DISASTERS
Man-made disasters have an element of
human intent, negligence, or error
involving a failure of a man-made system,
as opposed to natural disasters resulting
from natural hazards. Such man-made
disasters are crime, arson, civil disorder,
terrorism, war, biological/chemical threat,
cyber-attacks, etc.

4. LANDSLIDE
Landslide, also called landslip, is the
downslope movement of a mass
of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil
being a mixture of earth and debris).
Landslides occur when gravitational
and other types of shear
stresses within a slope exceed
the shear strength (resistance to
shearing) of the materials that form
the slope

5. Landslide on the basis of MOVEMENT
Falls
Falls are landslides that
involve the collapse of
material from a cliff or
steep slope.
Creep
Creep is the slow downslope
movement of material under
gravity. It generally occurs over
large areas.
Slides
A slide-type landslide is a
downslope movement of
material that occurs along a
distinctive rupture or slip
surface.
Flows
Flows are landslides that
involve the movement of
material down a slope in the
form of a fluid.

6. Landslide on the basis of MATERIAL
Rock Fall
Rockfall is the free or
bounding fall of rock
debris down steep slopes
under the influence of
gravity.
Debris Fall
A debris flow is a moving
mass of loose mud, sand,
soil, rock, water and air
that travels down a slope
under the influence of
gravity.
Mud/Earth Flow
Mud flow is a form of mass
wasting involving "very
rapid to extremely rapid
surging flow" of debris that
has become partially or
fully liquified by the addition
of water

7. Causes of Landslide
Deforestation
Removal of trees
reduces the binding
properties of soil
and rocks, leading
to landslide
Mining
Human activities
like mining or
quarrying remove
the vegetation
cover and soil
gravel.
Urbanisation
Intensive urbanisation
activities such as
establishing
commercial housing
projects and road
construction reduce
the vegetation cover.
Heavy Rainfall
Heavy Rainfall are
one of the major
cause of mud flow
because it adds
excess water to
soil.
Earthquakes
Shaking of earth
leads to
displacemnt of
rocks and
consequent slides
and falls
1 2 3 4 5

8. Impacts of Landslide
Economic decline
Landslides have been verified to result in destruction of property.
If the landslide is significant, it could drain the economy of the
region or country.
Impacts river
ecosystems
The soil, debris, and rock sliding
downhill can find way into rivers and
block their natural flow. Many river
habitats like fish can die due to
interference of natural flow of water.
Loss of life
A substantial landslide carries along
huge rocks, heavy debris and heavy
soil with it. This kind of landslide has
the capacity to kills lots of people on
impact.

9. Impacts of Landslide
Affects beauty of
landscapes
The erosion left behind by landslides
leaves behind rugged landscapes that
are unsightly. The pile of soil, rock and
debris downhill can cover land utilized
by the community for agricultural or
social purposes..
Decimation of
infrastructure
The force flow of mud, debris, and
rocks as a result of a landslide can
cause serious damage to property.
Infrastructure such as roads, railways,
leisure destinations, buildings and
communication systems can be
decimated by a single landslide.

10. 1
An increase in forest cover is a must in
community lands to reduce the hazard of
landslides.
2
Reduce the urbanisation activities such as building
dams or other commercial projects.
3
Remove loose or heavy material from the top of the
slope. Rocks, fallen trees, and other debris at the top
of a hill can put your property at risk for a landslide
4
Implementation of public awareness regarding
preventive measures during landslides
Preventive Measures for Landslides
How to prepare in order to avoid this

11. Landslide Zones of India
High Risk Zones
Moderate Risk Zones
Low Risk Zones
Unlikely

12. Landslide preparedness
Contact
Contact your local fire,
police, or public works
department immediately.
Communicate
Inform affected
neighbors. Your neighbors
may not be aware of
potential hazards.
Alertness
Stay alert and awake.
Many debris-flow fatalities
occur when people are
sleeping
Evacuate
Curl into a tight ball and
protect your head if
escape is not possible.
Self
Protection
Getting out of the path of
a landslide or debris flow
is your best protection.
Listen
Listen for any unusual
sounds that might indicate
moving debris, such as trees
cracking or boulders
knocking together.

13. THANKS!