1) Landslides occur when the resisting forces keeping material on a slope in place are overcome by the driving forces pushing the material downslope. Factors like steep slopes, heavy rainfall, earthquakes, and human modifications to slopes can increase driving forces and trigger landslides.
2) There are several types of landslides including rotational, translational, rock falls, rock topples, lateral spreading, and debris flows. Landslides can cause damage to infrastructure, block roads and waterways, and result in injuries and loss of life.
3) Preparedness and mitigation measures include avoiding building on steep slopes, maintaining vegetation, proper drainage, and monitoring for warning signs of impending landslides like cracks in
This presentation is about landslide and i prepared this to know about the knowledge of landslide and how to do during landslide for safe. I hope to see your comments.
Landslides Represent Permanent Deformation Caused By The Downward And Outward Movements Of Large Volumes Of Soil And/Or Rock Under The Influence Of Gravity. Landslides Occur Naturally. Landslides Can Be Triggered And/Or Exacerbated By: 1) Water (From Precipitation During A Tropical Storm, Hurricane, Or Typhoon), Or 2) Vibrations (From Ground Shaking) During An Earthquake. Millions Of Communities Are Not Resilient To Landslide Disasters. The International Community Often Provides Millions To Billions Of Dollars In Relief To Help “pick Up The Pieces, ” But This Strategy Is Not Enough By Itself To Ensure Disaster Resilience. The Challenge Is To Create, Adjust And Realign Programs, Partners And People Until One Has Created The Kind Of "Turning Points" Needed For Moving Towards Landslide Disaster, Resilience. Using Educational Surges Containing The Past And Present Lessons To Foster And Accelerate The Creation Of Turning Points. Integration Of Scientific And Technical Solutions With Political Solutions For Policies On Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, Emergency Response, And Recovery. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
This presentation is about landslide and i prepared this to know about the knowledge of landslide and how to do during landslide for safe. I hope to see your comments.
Landslides Represent Permanent Deformation Caused By The Downward And Outward Movements Of Large Volumes Of Soil And/Or Rock Under The Influence Of Gravity. Landslides Occur Naturally. Landslides Can Be Triggered And/Or Exacerbated By: 1) Water (From Precipitation During A Tropical Storm, Hurricane, Or Typhoon), Or 2) Vibrations (From Ground Shaking) During An Earthquake. Millions Of Communities Are Not Resilient To Landslide Disasters. The International Community Often Provides Millions To Billions Of Dollars In Relief To Help “pick Up The Pieces, ” But This Strategy Is Not Enough By Itself To Ensure Disaster Resilience. The Challenge Is To Create, Adjust And Realign Programs, Partners And People Until One Has Created The Kind Of "Turning Points" Needed For Moving Towards Landslide Disaster, Resilience. Using Educational Surges Containing The Past And Present Lessons To Foster And Accelerate The Creation Of Turning Points. Integration Of Scientific And Technical Solutions With Political Solutions For Policies On Preparedness, Protection, Early Warning, Emergency Response, And Recovery. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
Prepared By
Md. Arifuzzaman Arif
MSc in Disaster Management
Department of Geography and Environment
University of Dhaka
BSc in Forestry & Wood Technology Discipline
Khulna University
Landslides Represent Permanent Deformation Caused By The Downward And Outward Movements Of Large Volumes Of Soil And/Or Rock Under The Influence Of Gravity. Landslides Occur Naturally. Landslides Can Be Triggered And/Or Exacerbated By: 1) Water (From Precipitation During A Tropical Storm, Hurricane, Or Typhoon), Or 2) Vibrations (From Ground Shaking) During An Earthquake. Millions Of Communities Are Not Resilient To Landslide Disasters. One Of The Myths Of Disasters Is That Landslide Disasters, Which Occur Annually In Every Nation, Should Be Enough To Make All Nations Adopt And Implement Policies That Will Lead To Landslide Disaster Resilience. But The Fact Of The Matter Is, This Premise Is Wrong; It Usually Takes Multiple Disasters Before A Stricken Nation Will Adopt Policies To Move Towards Disaster Resilience. Lesson: The Timing Of Anticipatory Actions Is Vital. The People Who Know: 1) What To Expect (E.G., Rock Falls, “quake Lakes,” Mud Flows, Etc.), 2) Where And When It Will Happen, And 3) What They Should (And Should Not) Do To Prepare Will Survive. The People Who Have Timely Early Warning In Conjunction With A Modern Monitoring System, And A Community Evacuation Plan That Facilitates Getting Out Of Harm’s Way From The Risks Associated With Rock Falls, Mudflows, Etc. Will Survive. Engineering To Stabilize Slopes Will Reduce Damage To Buildings And Infrastructure And Help Sustain Their Functions And Save Lives. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
A case study on a massive landslide in Malin, near Pune on Oct. 2015. Presented in a Forensic Geo-technical Conference in Ludhiana with @shivaji Sarvade. It consists of Mitigation, precautionary measures and possible improvements.
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
It is refers to the downward sliding of huge quantities of land mass
Downward movement of slope forming material composed of rocks and soil or combination of all these material along surfaces of separation by FALLING, SLIDING AND FLOWING either sudden or slow from one place to another place.
Disasters:Risk & Management_Dr R K Sood, Himachal Institute of Public Admini...India Water Portal
What is a disaster and a hazard? Which areas lie in the vulnerability and risk zones in the state of Himachal Pradesh? A look at how the climate change too has added another dimension to this aspect.
Prepared By
Md. Arifuzzaman Arif
MSc in Disaster Management
Department of Geography and Environment
University of Dhaka
BSc in Forestry & Wood Technology Discipline
Khulna University
Landslides Represent Permanent Deformation Caused By The Downward And Outward Movements Of Large Volumes Of Soil And/Or Rock Under The Influence Of Gravity. Landslides Occur Naturally. Landslides Can Be Triggered And/Or Exacerbated By: 1) Water (From Precipitation During A Tropical Storm, Hurricane, Or Typhoon), Or 2) Vibrations (From Ground Shaking) During An Earthquake. Millions Of Communities Are Not Resilient To Landslide Disasters. One Of The Myths Of Disasters Is That Landslide Disasters, Which Occur Annually In Every Nation, Should Be Enough To Make All Nations Adopt And Implement Policies That Will Lead To Landslide Disaster Resilience. But The Fact Of The Matter Is, This Premise Is Wrong; It Usually Takes Multiple Disasters Before A Stricken Nation Will Adopt Policies To Move Towards Disaster Resilience. Lesson: The Timing Of Anticipatory Actions Is Vital. The People Who Know: 1) What To Expect (E.G., Rock Falls, “quake Lakes,” Mud Flows, Etc.), 2) Where And When It Will Happen, And 3) What They Should (And Should Not) Do To Prepare Will Survive. The People Who Have Timely Early Warning In Conjunction With A Modern Monitoring System, And A Community Evacuation Plan That Facilitates Getting Out Of Harm’s Way From The Risks Associated With Rock Falls, Mudflows, Etc. Will Survive. Engineering To Stabilize Slopes Will Reduce Damage To Buildings And Infrastructure And Help Sustain Their Functions And Save Lives. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance For Disaster Reduction
A case study on a massive landslide in Malin, near Pune on Oct. 2015. Presented in a Forensic Geo-technical Conference in Ludhiana with @shivaji Sarvade. It consists of Mitigation, precautionary measures and possible improvements.
Definition, classification & types of landslideTarikIslam9
General Information about Bangladesh
Bangladesh is consisted of a total land area of 147570 km² with hilly areas of 17,342 km² (8.5% of total area of Bangladesh).
Chattagram Hill tracts is the wide ranging hilly area in the southeastern part of the country. Rangamati, Bandarban and Khagrachari are three unique geographical and cultural landscape administrative districts in this region.
Landslides are a common hazard in the Chittagong Hill Districts (CHD) of Bangladesh. The communities that live on dangerous hill slopes in CHD repeatedly experience landslide hazards during the monsoon season, with casualties, economic losses and property damage.
It is refers to the downward sliding of huge quantities of land mass
Downward movement of slope forming material composed of rocks and soil or combination of all these material along surfaces of separation by FALLING, SLIDING AND FLOWING either sudden or slow from one place to another place.
Disasters:Risk & Management_Dr R K Sood, Himachal Institute of Public Admini...India Water Portal
What is a disaster and a hazard? Which areas lie in the vulnerability and risk zones in the state of Himachal Pradesh? A look at how the climate change too has added another dimension to this aspect.
Presentation contains Detailed Introduction, types, classification, features, prevention & precaution, causes, effects, indications and Two case studies of Indian context.
A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes.
• Natural Calamities like cyclones, flood, earthquake, volcanoes and landslides are normal natural events in the formation of earth, but they are disastrous when they strike human settlements.
• In India, natural disasters occur frequently . For example, about 260 million people are being affected by frequent floods which occur in eight major river valleys in 40 million ha..
• Drought affects nearly 86 million people 14 states including Tamilnadu.
• About ten million people are affected by cyclones in the entire 5700km long coastline of peninsular India in 9 states. This impact of earthquake is much more than the other disasters because about 400 million people in the seismic zones IV and V (55% of total area of India) are being greatly affected.
• About ten million people living along the entire sub Himalayan region and Western Ghats suffer a lot due to landslides. Since the disasters strike human settlements often in different parts of the world, they have to learn to minimize the effects of disasters.
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3. INTRODUCTION
A landslide is a downward or outward movement of soil, rock
or vegetation, under the influence of gravity.
Factor of Safety(F);
F = Resisting Force(R)
Driving Force(D)
When, F< 1 = landslide occur
Resisting forces(R) preventing
the mass from sliding down
the slope are inversely
proportional to the same hill
slope angle and directly proportional to the friction angle of
the material.
2
4. In addition, the resisting forces can be
significantly reduced in case of rain or
earthquake vibrations.
Three distinct physical events occur
during a landslide: the initial slope
failure, the subsequent transport, and
the final deposition of the slide materials.
Types of landslide:
3
5. The speed of the movement may range from very slow
to rapid.
The speed of the landslide will make an even more or
less avoidable and therefore, more or less risky.
It is important to distinguish the different types of
landslides to be able to understand how to deal with
each of them.
4
6. COMMON TYPES O F LANDSLIDES
a) Rotational slides move along a
surface of rupture that is curved and
concave.
b) Translational slides occurs when t
5
he
failure surface is approximately flat or
slightly undulated
7. c) Rock Fall:
Free falling of detached bodies of
bedrock (boulders) from a cliff or
steep slope
d) Rock toppling occurs when
one or more rock units rotate
about their base and
Collapse.
6
8. e) Lateral spreading occurs when
the soil mass spreads laterally and this
spreading comes with tensional cracks in
the soil mass.
f) Debris Flow:
Down slope movement of collapsed,7
unconsolidated material typically
along a stream channel.
9. CAUSES OF LANDSLIDES
A) Natural Factors:
Gravity: Gravity works more effectively on steeper
slopes.
Geological factors: Geology
setting that places permeable
sands and gravels above
impermeable layers of silt and
clay or bedrock.
Heavy and prolonged rainfall: slides occur often
with intense rain by creating zone of weakness, also
water tables rise with heavy rain makes some slopes
unstable.
Earthquakes: Ground vibrations created during
Earthquakes.
8
10. Waves: Wave action can erode
the beach or the toe of a bluff,
cutting into the slope, and
setting the stage for future
slides.
Volcanoes: volcanic ash deposits (sometimes called as
lahars deposits) are prone to erosion and subjected to
mud flows due to intense rainfall.
Fluctuation of water
levels due to the
tidal action.
Deposition of loose
sediments in delta areas. 9
11. B) Anthropogenic Factors:
Inappropriate drainage system: Surface runoff of
irrigated water on slopes exposes soil under cultivation
to erosion. Part of this water is absorbed by soil
increasing its weight, which can put an additional load
on the slope.
Cutting & deep excavations on slopes for
buildings, roads, canals & mining:
causes modification of natural slopes, blocking of
surface drainage, loading of critical slopes and
withdrawal to toe support promoting vulnerability of
critical slopes.
10
13. Change in slope/land use pattern, deforestation,
agricultural practices on steep slopes:
contributed to creep and withdrawal of toe support in
many cases.
C) Combination of factors:
For example, an earthquake may trigger a landslide,
which in turn may dam a valley causing upstream
flooding and subsequent dam burst. This will lead to
flooding in lower catchments areas.
12
14. IMPACTS AND LOSSES DUE
TO LANDSLIDES
A) Direct impacts:
Physical Damage-Debris may block roads, supply lines
(telecommunication, electricity, water, etc.) and
waterways.
Causalities- deaths and injuries to people and
animals.
B) Indirect impacts:
Influence of landslides in dam safety- failure of
the slopes bordering the reservoir, Flooding caused by
movements of large masses of soil into the reservoir.
13
15. Landslides and flooding- Debris flow can cause
flooding by blocking valleys and stream channels,
forcing large amounts of water to backup causing
backup/ flash flood.
C) Direct losses:
Loss of life, property, infrastructure and lifeline
facilities, Resources, farmland and places ofcultural
importance.
D) Indirect losses:
Loss in productivity of agricultural or forest lands,
Reduced property values, Loss of revenue, Increased
cost, Adverse effect on water quality and Loss of
human productivity, 14
16. INDICATORS OF LANDSLIDES
PHENOMENON
A) Terrain/Morphologic Features Indicating Risk
of a Landslide-
Steep slopes: slope with angles over 30 degrees
should be avoided if possible.
Old landslides sites: the old landslide can be
reactivated, for example, by heavy rainfall or an
earthquake.
New cracks or unusual bulges in the ground or street
pavements.
15
17. B) Landslide Risk Indicators:
Tilting or cracking of concrete floors and foundations.
Soil moving away from foundations.
Broken water lines and other underground utilities.
Leaning telephone poles, trees, retaining walls, or
fences.
Rapid increase in ground water levels, possibly
accompanied by increased turbidity (soil content).
Sticking doors and windows, and visible open spaces
indicating jambs.
Sudden decrease in ground water levels though rain
is still falling or just recently stopped.
16
18. •In most cases in the field
there will be a combination
of morphological and
landslide risk indicators to
be considered.
19. H AZARDS
A) Passive Intervention
Choose a safe location to build your home, away from
steep slopes and places where landslides have occurred
in the past.
Prevent deforestation and vegetation removal.
Avoid weakening the slope.
B) Active Preventive Intervention
Reforestation: Root systems bind materials together
and plants do both prevent water percolation and take
water up out of the slope.
Proper water runoff must be ensured by providinga
proper canalization network.
Drainage: good ground drainage is essential to preven18t
saturation and consequent weakening. Drainage is also
needed in civil work, like retaining walls.
20. Proper land use measures: Adopt effective land-use
regulations and building codes based on scientific
research.
Structural measures: Nets, Retaining walls and
major civil works to mitigate landslides.
(Bioengineering).
19
21. C) Non- Structural measures:
Awareness generation: Educate the public about
signs that a landslide is imminent so that personal
safety measures may be taken.
Financial Mechanisms: Support the establishment
of landslide insurance.
Legal and Policy: legislation to direct a
governmental or private program to reduce landslide
losses should be strengthened.
D) Landslide Hazard Mapping and Use of GIS:
Landslide Hazard Zonation of the Vulnerable Areas.
Use of remote sensing and ground truth data for
making landslide hazard zone map.
Here, such maps are used to develop mitigation plans
in consultation with experts.
22. LANDSLIDE PREPAREDNESS AND SAFETY
MEASURES
A) Before a landslide:
Find out if landslides have happened in your area in
the past.
Look out for landslide warning signs like doors or
windows jammed for the first time, new cracks appear
in walls, bricks, foundations, retaining walls, tilt of
utility poles or trees.
Consider relocation in case your house is located in an
area particularly vulnerable to landslides. While doing
so, remember:
i) Do not build on or at the base of unstable slopes, on or
at the base of minor drainage hollows, at the base or 21
on top of an old fill slope, at the base or top of a steep
cut slope.
23. ii) Do not cut down trees or remove vegetation or avoid
slope weakening.
iii) If the house cannot be relocated, then ensure proper
drainage and proper retaining walls.
Always stay alert and awake!!! Listen to
radio/television for warnings of intense rainfall, storm
and damp weather. These usually trigger
landslides/debris or mudflow.
Make an evacuation plan in case of a landslide with
all the emergency items.
22
24. B) During a landslide:
Listen to any unusual sounds that
might indicate moving debris, such
as trees cracking or boulders knocking
together. A trickle of flowing or falling
mud or debris may precede larger flows.
While you are outdoors during a landslide
Try to get out of the path of the
landslide or mudflow by running
to the nearest high ground or away
from the path.
If you are near a river, be alert for any sudden increase
or decrease in water flow or for a change from clear to
muddy water. Such changes may indicate landslide
upstream. So move quickly to safer areas.
23
25. If the rocks and other debris are approaching, run to
the nearest shelter such as group of trees or a building.
While you are indoors during a landslide
Stay inside and remain alert. Listen to radio/ television
for any update. i.e. if landslide occurs outside.
If your house falls apart due to landslide and if there is
no escape, hold on to something strong and protect your
head.
C) After a landslide:
Stay away from the landslide area as there may be
danger of additional slides. Do not drive through.
Watch for flooding which may occur after a landslide.
Check for injured or trapped persons near the slide,
without entering the slide area. Direct rescuers to the2i4r
locations.
26. Help neighbours who may require
special assistance– infants,
elderly people and disabled
people.
Listen to local radio/television
stations for the latest emergency
information.
Look for and report broken utility
lines to appropriate authorities.
Check the building foundation,
walls and surrounding land for
damage. The safety of the areas
needs to be assured before
reoccupation.
25
27. REFERENCES
Landslide Hazard Manual
( www.engineering4theworld.org/LAP)
Learning to live with landslides, Ministry of
Education and National Institute of Education
Education for Social Cohesion, Disaster Risk
Management and Psycho-social Care.
Landslides Preparedness and Safety Measures,
Department of Disaster Management.
Action Plan for Landslide Risk Mitigation,
Ministry of Home Affairs , Office Memorandum,
November 3, 2004, India.
26