2. MYOCLONUS
• Myoclonus refers to very brief, abrupt, involuntary, non suppressible jerky
contractions involving a single muscle or muscle group.
TYPES
• Physiological myoclonus
• Benign Myoclonus
• Opsoclonus Myoclonus syndrome
3. • 40 % OMAS have a neuroblastoma .
• INVESTIGATIONS
• 24 hour urine catecholamines and serum neuron specific enolase (low yeild)
• MRI with gadolinium or CT with contrast chest and abdomen (high yeild)
TREATMENT OF MYOCLONUS
. Benzodiazipines( clonazepam)
• Valporic acid
• Levitriacetam
carbamazepine can worsen myoclonus
8. Chorea
• Rapid, chaotic movement that seems to flow from 1 body part to other.
• Increases with stresss and disappears in sleep.
• Signs of chorea
1. Darting tongue
2. Milkmaid grip
3. Pronator sign
4. Choreic hand( spooning of hand)
11. Athetosis
• Characterized by slow continuous, writhing movement that involves the same
part of body, usually distal extermities , face , neck and trunk
• Athetosis tend to occur with other movement disorders such as chorea.
• Choreoathetosis is associated with cerebral palsy, kernicterus and other form
of basal ganglia injury.
12. Dystonia
• Dytonia is a disorder of movement characterized by sustained muscle
contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements or
abnormal postures.
15. Ataxia
• Ataxia is inability to make smooth, accurate and coordinated movements.
• It occurs because of dysfunction of the cerebellum its input or output, its
sensory pathways in the posterior column of the spinal cord or combination
of these.
