The document discusses the benefits of Motor Trike's independent rear suspension system over competitors' systems. It was designed based on the experience of Motor Trike's design team in racing to provide traction, precise camber control, good ride quality through optimized natural frequency, and stability through features like low roll center height and minimized scrub. The system uses a short long arm suspension with H-arm and camber link to achieve these benefits in a reasonably priced design that is easier to install than more complex systems.
Wheel balancing and the performance of your carAutobahn Tires
> Performance of Your Car.
> Difference between Wheel Balancing and Wheel Alignment.
> How Wheel Balancing and Alignment Improves the Performance of Your Car.
> Wheel Balancing Process.
> Wheel Alignment Process.
> Tire Shop Scams to Avoid.
All about Caster & Camber and the most intresting thing is Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) about the angle made by the wheels of a four wheeler vehicle...................................................................................................................................................................................
Wheel balancing and the performance of your carAutobahn Tires
> Performance of Your Car.
> Difference between Wheel Balancing and Wheel Alignment.
> How Wheel Balancing and Alignment Improves the Performance of Your Car.
> Wheel Balancing Process.
> Wheel Alignment Process.
> Tire Shop Scams to Avoid.
All about Caster & Camber and the most intresting thing is Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) about the angle made by the wheels of a four wheeler vehicle...................................................................................................................................................................................
TYRE WEAR
Tidy shoes just don't give an appearance boost but also underline the ground grip; somewhat analogous to tyre in vehicles.
Rolling wheels have always been a very dynamic subject to deal with. Apart from regular maintenance of the vehicle, tyre wear is a major point of concern for every automotive owner . Its more dear in the commercial segment . Its second largest element of cost of operation after fuel . Truck , bus , fleet owners or any commercial vehicle driver - carrier - owner would always be keen on getting tyre life irrespective how he drives and loads .
A considerable research has been done in tyre tread wear with
respect to road friction but still the suspension parameters and
steering arrangements are in phase on development. There is no evidence to suggest that certain types of suspensions or steering arrangements have any particular adverse impact on tire life, it's more of a perception than factuality.
We are trying to build an analytical / illustrative module which
explains the appropriate relationship between all geometric parameters and tire life in particular irregular tyre wear. This is been accomplished by varying the geometric angles and tracing their effect on tread wear. Archard' theory been the base of this research work we have sorted some equations, but still some parameters are not accounted altogether. For ex., while calculating the varying toe and camber angles temperature or global contact points remain unaccounted. And still some uncertainties remain regarding the friction coefficients.
The objective is to build an model which can explain and hence suggest correction to reduce tyre wear and enhance life. While its complex with varying geometry under various speeds, loads & road condition .
All leads are appreciated.
Owning a car comes with certain responsibilities like maintenance and servicing which are important for the smooth running and better performance of the car. One of the important servicing for any car is the wheel alignment which needs to be done after the car has run several miles. Moreover, performing a wheel alignment has got several advantages like better fuel mileage, smoother ride and increases the safety of the car. Go through the slide to know the basic benefits of wheel alignment.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
One of the more common questions that we get asked in our centres is if wheel balancing and wheel alignment are two terms used to describe the same thing. After all, they sound very similar and both aid the long-term health of your tyre. Balancing and alignment are in fact two very different practices and whereas balancing addresses the distribution of weight around the wheel, alignment looks at the position of the wheels in relation to the road and each other.
One of the more common questions that we get asked in our centres is if wheel balancing and wheel alignment are two terms used to describe the same thing. After all, they sound very similar and both aid the long-term health of your tyre. Balancing and alignment are in fact two very different practices and whereas balancing addresses the distribution of weight around the wheel, alignment looks at the position of the wheels in relation to the road and each other.
TYRE WEAR
Tidy shoes just don't give an appearance boost but also underline the ground grip; somewhat analogous to tyre in vehicles.
Rolling wheels have always been a very dynamic subject to deal with. Apart from regular maintenance of the vehicle, tyre wear is a major point of concern for every automotive owner . Its more dear in the commercial segment . Its second largest element of cost of operation after fuel . Truck , bus , fleet owners or any commercial vehicle driver - carrier - owner would always be keen on getting tyre life irrespective how he drives and loads .
A considerable research has been done in tyre tread wear with
respect to road friction but still the suspension parameters and
steering arrangements are in phase on development. There is no evidence to suggest that certain types of suspensions or steering arrangements have any particular adverse impact on tire life, it's more of a perception than factuality.
We are trying to build an analytical / illustrative module which
explains the appropriate relationship between all geometric parameters and tire life in particular irregular tyre wear. This is been accomplished by varying the geometric angles and tracing their effect on tread wear. Archard' theory been the base of this research work we have sorted some equations, but still some parameters are not accounted altogether. For ex., while calculating the varying toe and camber angles temperature or global contact points remain unaccounted. And still some uncertainties remain regarding the friction coefficients.
The objective is to build an model which can explain and hence suggest correction to reduce tyre wear and enhance life. While its complex with varying geometry under various speeds, loads & road condition .
All leads are appreciated.
Owning a car comes with certain responsibilities like maintenance and servicing which are important for the smooth running and better performance of the car. One of the important servicing for any car is the wheel alignment which needs to be done after the car has run several miles. Moreover, performing a wheel alignment has got several advantages like better fuel mileage, smoother ride and increases the safety of the car. Go through the slide to know the basic benefits of wheel alignment.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
One of the more common questions that we get asked in our centres is if wheel balancing and wheel alignment are two terms used to describe the same thing. After all, they sound very similar and both aid the long-term health of your tyre. Balancing and alignment are in fact two very different practices and whereas balancing addresses the distribution of weight around the wheel, alignment looks at the position of the wheels in relation to the road and each other.
One of the more common questions that we get asked in our centres is if wheel balancing and wheel alignment are two terms used to describe the same thing. After all, they sound very similar and both aid the long-term health of your tyre. Balancing and alignment are in fact two very different practices and whereas balancing addresses the distribution of weight around the wheel, alignment looks at the position of the wheels in relation to the road and each other.
Saskia Monsma gaf een gastcollege bij de HAN in het kader van de opleiding Master of Control Systems Engineering.
De video van het college is hier te bekijken:
http://www.hansonexperience.com/my_weblog/2009/05/liveblog_master_of_control_systems_engineering.html
Traction control basically reduces the slip of the tires on icy surfaces when the car begins to accelerate and prevents wheels to spin. It uses a part of anti-lock braking system (ABS). There are certain indications which warn you to activate and deactivate traction control. While on snow, you should follow some warning signs and drive accordingly.
It is all about Traction Control and its importance for car safety. The slide presentation will help you to know about the types of traction and the roles of traction control system to optimize the grip and stability of a car on the road while running. Traction definitely causes the friction on tire as well as in braking system of a car.
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control...Shubham Thakur
In this PPT All the modern controls are explained like
Adaptive Cruise Control, Electronic Brake Force Distribution,Traction Control System, Electronic Stability Control, Common Rail Direct Fuel Distribution, Turbocharged Direct Injection, Airbag
Selecting the Right Gear Coupling for your ApplicationDesign World
This webinar will place the spotlight on gear couplings with a focus on factors to consider when making a coupling selection for your application. Topics covered will include basic sizing, application criteria, coupling design features and the variety of coupling types available.
UNIT IV STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS karthi keyan
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box-Power Steering, Types of Front Axle, Types of Suspension Systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Braking Systems, Antilock Braking System (ABS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and Traction Control.
UNIT-IV-STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS.pptxprakash0712
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box – power steering – pneumatic and hydraulic braking system – Antilock Braking System (ABS) – Electronic Brake force Distribution (EBD) and traction control – types of front axle – types of suspension system.
2. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE
INDEPENDENT REAR SUSPENSION?
• NOT ALL INDEPENDENT REAR SUSPENSIONS (IRS) ARE CREATED
EQUALLY.
• THIS IS WHY A BMW AND A HYUNDAI DON’T HAVE THE SAME
PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS.
• THIS IS WHY A CADILLAC AND A CORVETTE DON’T HAVE THE
SAME RIDE QUALITY.
• AT MOTOR TRIKE, WE UNDERSTAND WHAT MAKES A
SUSPENSION GOOD OR BAD. OUR IRS WAS DEVELOPED TO
PROVIDE WHAT OUR CUSTOMERS WANT & NEED BASED ON OUR
EXPERIENCE BUILDING TRIKES SINCE 1994.
3. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE
INDEPENDENT REAR SUSPENSION?
• DESIGN TEAM EXPERIENCE:
• ONE NASCAR SPRINT CUP CHAMPIONSHIP
• ONE 1ST PLACE AND ONE 2ND PLACE FORMULA SAE
CHAMPIONSHIP
• THREE ROAD & TRACK FORMULA SAE SHOOTOUT VICTORIES
• CREATED AND DESIGNED TMS STALLION
4. DESIGN CRITERIA
• TRACTION/GRIP
• CAMBER GAIN
• CG HEIGHT
• RIDE QUALITY
• OPTIMIZE NATURAL FREQUENCY
• NOISE VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS
• LEANING/SWAY CONTROL
• CORRECT ROLL STIFFNESS
• BALANCE ANTI ROLL BAR WITH ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
• BUMP STEER / STABILITY
• TIRE SCRUB/ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
• TOE CHANGE
• INSTALL TIME
• INSTALL TIME REDUCTION
• IF OUR DEALERS SUCCEED, WE SUCCEED
5. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
IRS SELECTION
• COMPETITORS OPTIONS
• TRAILING ARM
• SEMI TRAILING ARM
• SHORT LONG ARM
• TRAILING ARM
• ADVANTAGE = INEXPENSIVE AND SIMPLE
• DISADVANTAGE = HIGH ROLL CENTER AND NO CAMBER CONTROL
• SEMI TRAILING ARM
• ADVANTAGE = STILL INEXPENSIVE AND SIMPLE WITH SOME CAMBER
CONTROL
• DISADVANTAGE = UNWANTED TOE CHANGE CAN OCCUR WITH CAMBER GAIN.
STILL HAS HIGH A HIGH ROLL CENTER
• SHORT LONG ARM WITH A-ARMS
• ADVANTAGE = PRECISE CAMBER CONTROL AND ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
CONTROL
• DISADVANTAGE = EXPENSIVE TO PRODUCE AND DIFFICULT TO PACKAGE
AROUND EXHAUST
6. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
IRS SELECTION
• MOTOR TRIKE’S IRS SELECTION
• SHORT LONG ARM SUSPENSION WITH H-ARM AND CAMBER LINK
• ADVANTAGES
• MIDDLE OF THE ROAD COST OPTION PROVIDES A REASONABLY PRICED
KIT
• PACKAGE AROUND EXHAUST AND STILL ACHIEVE GOOD DESIGN
PARAMETERS
• ABILITY TO DESIGN FOR:
• LOW ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
• NO TOE CHANGE IN BUMP OR ROLL
• PRECISE CAMBER CONTROL
• SMALL AMOUNTS OF SCRUB
• SMALL JACKING FORCES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CANNOT USE FOR A STEERING APPLICATION
• MUST MAINTAIN RIDE HEIGHT DUE TO CAMBER CHANGE (AIR SPRINGS)
7. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
TRACTION /GRIP
• CAMBER GAIN: WE INCREASE TRACTION BY KEEPING OUR TIRE
CONTACT PATCH FLAT TO THE ROAD WHEN IT IS IMPORTANT
• PICTURE DEPICTS A SEVERE CORNER WITH LOTS OF BODY
ROLL. NOTICE THE OUTSIDE TIRE IS STILL FLAT TO THE
ROAD
8. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
TRACTION /GRIP
• CG HEIGHT: WE PLACED
OUR HEAVIEST
COMPONENTS AS LOW AS
POSSIBLE
• REDUCES LOAD
TRANSFER TO THE
OUTSIDE TIRE
• KEEPS THE INSIDE TIRE
ON THE GROUND
9. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
RIDE QUALITY
• WHAT IS NATURAL FREQUENCY?
• NATURAL FREQUENCY IS A TOOL THAT ENGINEERS USE TO
MEASURE THE RIDE QUALITY OF A SUSPENSION.
• EVERY SUSPENSION HAS A FREQUENCY THAT IT WILL NATURALLY
OSCILLATE AT. IT IS BASED ON SPRING RATE AND WEIGHT.
• THE OPTIMUM NATURAL FREQUENCY THAT HUMANS PREFER IS
BELOW 2.5 Hz. THE LOWER IT IS THE MORE WE LIKE IT.
• THE CHALLENGE IS TO KEEP THE SPRING RATE AS LOW AS
POSSIBLE WITHOUT RUNNING OUT OF SUSPENSION TRAVEL.
10. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
RIDE QUALITY
• SUSPENSION TRAVEL
• SUSPENSION TRAVEL IS THE GATEWAY TO RIDE QUALITY.
• WITH OVER 4 INCHES OF WHEEL TRAVEL, WE WERE ABLE TO
OPTIMIZE RIDE QUALITY BY LOWERING THE SPRING RATE &
THEREFORE THE NATURAL FREQUENCY.
• THIS IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF YOU HAVE ENOUGH TRAVEL TO
ACCOMMODATE THE SOFT SPRINGS.
• OUR TRIKES ARE LIKE PICKUP TRUCKS???
• THEY ARE SIMILAR TO A TRUCK SINCE WE MUST ACCOMMODATE
LARGE LOAD VARIATIONS AND MAINTAIN RIDE QUALITY.
• HOW DO WE RIDE WELL WITH ONE 120 lb RIDER OR TWO
250 lb RIDERS?
• WE UTILIZE AIR SPRINGS TO ADJUST THE SPRING RATE AND
MAINTAIN RIDE HEIGHT AND NATURAL FREQUENCY.
11. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
RIDE QUALITY
• NOISE VIBRATION AND HARSHNESS (NVH)
• WHAT IS THE SOURCE OF NVH?
• ENGINES, BRAKES, GEARS, TIRES AND ROAD IRREGULARITIES
ALL CREATE NOISES AND VIBRATIONS.
• NOISES AND VIBRATIONS ARE TRANSMITTED TO THE RIDERS
THROUGH THE VEHICLES CHASSIS.
• SOLUTION:
• IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ELIMINATE THE SOURCE OF ALL NVH, SO THE
ONLY SOLUTION IS TO CREATE A BARRIER BETWEEN THE SOURCE
AND THE RIDERS
• RUBBER BUSHING MOUNTED DIFFERENTIAL
• RUBBER BUSHINGS FOR ALL SUSPENSION COMPONENTS (ANTI
ROLL BAR, SHOCKS, AND SUSPENSION ARMS).
12. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
SWAY CONTROL
• LEANING/SWAY CONTROL
• THE CORRECT ROLL (CORNERING) STIFFNESS GIVES THE DRIVER
COMFORT AND FEEDBACK.
• TOO STIFF = NO FEEDBACK. THE RIDER GETS OVER CONFIDENT
BECAUSE THE MACHINE CORNERS TOO FLAT (NO SENSE OF DANGER).
IT ALSO RUINS RIDE QUALITY IN ONE WHEEL BUMP.
• TOO SOFT = FALSE SENSE OF DOOM. IF THE BIKE LEANS TOO MUCH,
THE RIDER FEELS LIKE HE/SHE ARE ABOUT TO TIP OVER OR SLIDE OUT
OF CONTROL.
• ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? THE ROLL CENTER HEIGHT CONTROLS MANY
SUSPENSION PARAMETERS INCLUDING THE “LEVER ARM” THAT CAUSES
BODY ROLL.
• WE DESIGNED OUR ANTI ROLL BAR TO WORK WITH OUR ROLL CENTER
HEIGHT.
13. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
BUMP STEER/STABILITY
• ROLL CENTER HEIGHT
• HOW DO YOU AVOID BEING CALLED “UNSAFE AT ANY SPEED”
(CORVAIR)? LOWER THE ROLL CENTER HEIGHT.
• WHAT IS THE ROLL CENTER? THINK OF IT AS THE PIVOT POINT FOR
THE SUSPENSION IN ROLL & THE REACTION POINT FOR CORNERING
FORCES.
• THE EARLY CORVAIRS (ALONG WITH MANY OF OUR COMPETITORS)
HAVE A REALLY HIGH ROLL CENTER. THIS CAN CAUSE OVER STEER
STABILITY PROBLEMS DURING AGGRESSIVE CORNERING.
• HIGH JACKING FORCES CAUSE THE BODY (AND THE CG) TO LIFT
WHILE CORNERING. (ESPECIALLY DANGEROUS ON A TRIKE!)
14. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
BUMP STEER/STABILITY
• SCRUB (BUMP STEER)
• WHAT IS SCRUB? THIS IS A TERM USED TO DESCRIBE A VEHICLES
TENDENCY TO CHANGE TRACK WIDTH AS THE SUSPENSION
TRAVELS.
• WHY IS IT IMPORTANT? MINIMIZING SCRUB REDUCES THE
TENDENCY TO WANDER OR SKIP SIDEWAYS OVER ROUGH ROADS.
• SMALL AMOUNTS OF SCRUB REDUCE TIRE WEAR
15. WHY CHOOSE MOTOR TRIKE?
INSTALL TIME
• MAJOR DESIGN CRITERIA WAS TO REDUCE INSTALL
TIME
• FRAME, SUSPENSION, AND DRIVETRAIN ARE
COMPLETELY ASSEMBLED IN HOUSE