DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT...ijsrd.com
Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel. 3-D model of the Lower Wishbone Arm is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. The forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the wishbone arm. By using these boundary conditions static analysis is carried out. Then making the load as a function of time; quasi-static analysis of the wishbone arm is carried out. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of lower wishbone arm. Topology optimization and material optimization techniques are used to optimize lower wishbone arm design.
To provide good ride and handling performance –
–vertical compliance providing chassis isolation
–ensuring that the wheels follow the road profile
–very little tire load fluctuation
•To ensure that steering control is maintained during maneuvering –
–wheels to be maintained in the proper position wrt road surface
•To ensure that the vehicle responds favorably to control forces produced by the tires during
–longitudinal braking
–accelerating forces,
–lateral cornering forces and
–braking and accelerating torques
–this requires the suspension geometry to be designed to resist squat, dive and roll of the vehicle body
•To provide isolation from high frequency vibration from tire excitation
–requires appropriate isolation in the suspension joints
–Prevent transmission of ‘road noise’ to the vehicle body
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DOUBLE WISHBONE SUSPENSION SYSTEM USING FINITE ELEMENT...ijsrd.com
Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel. 3-D model of the Lower Wishbone Arm is prepared by using CAD software for modal and stress analysis. The forces and moments are used as the boundary conditions for finite element model of the wishbone arm. By using these boundary conditions static analysis is carried out. Then making the load as a function of time; quasi-static analysis of the wishbone arm is carried out. A finite element based optimization is used to optimize the design of lower wishbone arm. Topology optimization and material optimization techniques are used to optimize lower wishbone arm design.
To provide good ride and handling performance –
–vertical compliance providing chassis isolation
–ensuring that the wheels follow the road profile
–very little tire load fluctuation
•To ensure that steering control is maintained during maneuvering –
–wheels to be maintained in the proper position wrt road surface
•To ensure that the vehicle responds favorably to control forces produced by the tires during
–longitudinal braking
–accelerating forces,
–lateral cornering forces and
–braking and accelerating torques
–this requires the suspension geometry to be designed to resist squat, dive and roll of the vehicle body
•To provide isolation from high frequency vibration from tire excitation
–requires appropriate isolation in the suspension joints
–Prevent transmission of ‘road noise’ to the vehicle body
The simulation of a vehicles suspension system represents an important part of how the driver experiences ride quality. Without a suspension system, a vehicle acts in a stiff and uncomfortable way. The characteristics of a vehicles performance are dependent on the properties of the suspension. A model of this system would enable a manufacturer to test how certain changes to the properties change the behavior of the vehicle. This way they are able to see how the stiffness of the spring and damper in the suspension system affects the ride experience before building an actual car. This can also reduce the cost of development. The most basic suspension system consists of a spring and shock absorber and also includes the stiffness of the tire being used. More complex suspension systems consist of sensors that take into account and compensate for traction control, engine torque, steering, and braking systems.
Defining Automotive Technology by SouLSteerShobhit Gosain
Defining automotive technology from scratch. Must for any dealership owner or any sales man of a automobile dealership. Anyone related to automobile cars or industry this presentation is for you.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
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How to Sales & before Sale Selling your Self !
Steps of Sales , This presentation ideal to learn more and follow steps of selling.
Your expert opinion will be highly beneficial in this regards.
The simulation of a vehicles suspension system represents an important part of how the driver experiences ride quality. Without a suspension system, a vehicle acts in a stiff and uncomfortable way. The characteristics of a vehicles performance are dependent on the properties of the suspension. A model of this system would enable a manufacturer to test how certain changes to the properties change the behavior of the vehicle. This way they are able to see how the stiffness of the spring and damper in the suspension system affects the ride experience before building an actual car. This can also reduce the cost of development. The most basic suspension system consists of a spring and shock absorber and also includes the stiffness of the tire being used. More complex suspension systems consist of sensors that take into account and compensate for traction control, engine torque, steering, and braking systems.
Defining Automotive Technology by SouLSteerShobhit Gosain
Defining automotive technology from scratch. Must for any dealership owner or any sales man of a automobile dealership. Anyone related to automobile cars or industry this presentation is for you.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
UNIT IV STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS karthi keyan
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box-Power Steering, Types of Front Axle, Types of Suspension Systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic Braking Systems, Antilock Braking System (ABS), electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and Traction Control.
How to Sales & before Sale Selling your Self !
Steps of Sales , This presentation ideal to learn more and follow steps of selling.
Your expert opinion will be highly beneficial in this regards.
(This is an extract from the lecture delivered by Shyamsunder Panchavati on 2nd September 2010 at Hyderabad)
Human being lives in whirlpool of Industries. All the industries revolve around the living beings specially the human beings. One industry or profession that keeps the human being fit enough to wither the whirlpool and keeps the industry going is the Medical Profession. Hence the Medical Profession occupies the high pedestal in this world.
View the abstract at
http://capacitybuildingdevelopment.blogspot.com/2010/09/pharmaceutical-industry-overview_06.html
"Capsula" is derived from the Latin word & Is defined as a solid dosage form in which the medicament contained is enclosed within small shell or container.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
UNIT-IV-STEERING, BRAKES AND SUSPENSION SYSTEMS.pptxDineshKumar4165
Steering geometry and types of steering gear box-Power Steering- Pneumatic and Hydraulic Braking Systems - Antilock Braking System (ABS)- Electronic brake force distribution (EBD) and Traction Control - Types of Front Axle- types of Suspension systems
What Does the Active Steering Malfunction Warning Mean for Your BMWTanner Motors
Discover the reasons why your BMW’s Active Steering malfunction warning might come on. From electrical glitches to mechanical failures and software anomalies, addressing these promptly with professional inspection and maintenance ensures continued safety and performance on the road, maintaining the integrity of your driving experience.
"Trans Failsafe Prog" on your BMW X5 indicates potential transmission issues requiring immediate action. This safety feature activates in response to abnormalities like low fluid levels, leaks, faulty sensors, electrical or mechanical failures, and overheating.
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Learn about Common Rail Direct Injection (CRDi) - the revolutionary technology that has made diesel engines more efficient. Explore its workings, advantages like enhanced fuel efficiency and increased power output, along with drawbacks such as complexity and higher initial cost. Compare CRDi with traditional diesel engines and discover why it's the preferred choice for modern engines.
What Does the PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual Message Mean for You...Autohaus Service and Sales
Learn what "PARKTRONIC Inoperative, See Owner's Manual" means for your Mercedes-Benz. This message indicates a malfunction in the parking assistance system, potentially due to sensor issues or electrical faults. Prompt attention is crucial to ensure safety and functionality. Follow steps outlined for diagnosis and repair in the owner's manual.
5 Warning Signs Your BMW's Intelligent Battery Sensor Needs AttentionBertini's German Motors
IBS monitors and manages your BMW’s battery performance. If it malfunctions, you will have to deal with an array of electrical issues in your vehicle. Recognize warning signs like dimming headlights, frequent battery replacements, and electrical malfunctions to address potential IBS issues promptly.
Core technology of Hyundai Motor Group's EV platform 'E-GMP'Hyundai Motor Group
What’s the force behind Hyundai Motor Group's EV performance and quality?
Maximized driving performance and quick charging time through high-density battery pack and fast charging technology and applicable to various vehicle types!
Discover more about Hyundai Motor Group’s EV platform ‘E-GMP’!
Comprehensive program for Agricultural Finance, the Automotive Sector, and Empowerment . We will define the full scope and provide a detailed two-week plan for identifying strategic partners in each area within Limpopo, including target areas.:
1. Agricultural : Supporting Primary and Secondary Agriculture
• Scope: Provide support solutions to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Tzaneen, Thohoyandou, Makhado, and Giyani.
2. Automotive Sector: Partnerships with Mechanics and Panel Beater Shops
• Scope: Develop collaborations with automotive service providers to improve service quality and business operations.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Lephalale, Mokopane, Phalaborwa, and Bela-Bela.
3. Empowerment : Focusing on Women Empowerment
• Scope: Provide business support support and training to women-owned businesses, promoting economic inclusion.
• Target Areas: Polokwane, Thohoyandou, Musina, Burgersfort, and Louis Trichardt.
We will also prioritize Industrial Economic Zone areas and their priorities.
Sign up on https://profilesmes.online/welcome/
To be eligible:
1. You must have a registered business and operate in Limpopo
2. Generate revenue
3. Sectors : Agriculture ( primary and secondary) and Automative
Women and Youth are encouraged to apply even if you don't fall in those sectors.
Why Is Your BMW X3 Hood Not Responding To Release CommandsDart Auto
Experiencing difficulty opening your BMW X3's hood? This guide explores potential issues like mechanical obstruction, hood release mechanism failure, electrical problems, and emergency release malfunctions. Troubleshooting tips include basic checks, clearing obstructions, applying pressure, and using the emergency release.
In this presentation, we have discussed a very important feature of BMW X5 cars… the Comfort Access. Things that can significantly limit its functionality. And things that you can try to restore the functionality of such a convenient feature of your vehicle.
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Upgrading the brakes of your car? Keep these things in mind before doing so. Additionally, start using an OBD 2 GPS tracker so that you never miss a vehicle maintenance appointment. On top of this, a car GPS tracker will also let you master good driving habits that will let you increase the operational life of your car’s brakes.
Symptoms like intermittent starting and key recognition errors signal potential problems with your Mercedes’ EIS. Use diagnostic steps like error code checks and spare key tests. Professional diagnosis and solutions like EIS replacement ensure safe driving. Consult a qualified technician for accurate diagnosis and repair.
𝘼𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚 𝙋𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙙𝙚𝙧𝙨 𝙞𝙨 𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙮 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙢𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙛𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙪𝙧𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙞𝙧 𝙥𝙧𝙤𝙙𝙪𝙘𝙩𝙨. 𝙒𝙚 𝙝𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙘 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙙 𝙞𝙣 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙤𝙩𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙪𝙩𝙤 𝙥𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙨 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙛𝙖𝙢𝙤𝙪𝙨 𝙘𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙚𝙨 𝙗𝙪𝙮 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝙜𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙪𝙡𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙧𝙤𝙢 𝙪𝙨.
Over the 10 years, we have gained a strong foothold in the market due to our range's high quality, competitive prices, and time-lined delivery schedules.
3. Suspension Purpose
• Isolate passengers
and cargo from
vibration and shock
• Improve mobility
• Improve vehicle
control
4. Basic Terminology
• Sprung Mass
– Mass of all components
that do not move much
when suspension is
displaced. (given the
frame as a fixed
reference)
– (Frame, engine,
passengers, etc,)
– Some suspension
components are
actually partially sprung
mass
5. Basic Terminology
• Unsprung Mass
– Mass of components
that move when
suspension is
displaced
– Minimizing the
unsprung mass allows
for more optimal
suspension operation
9. Basic Terminology
• Roll Center
– Center at which the sprung
mass pivots about during a
roll situation (lateral
acceleration)
– This is a dynamic point:
moves around throughout
suspension travel
10. Basic Terminology
• Pitch Center
– Center at which the sprung mass pivots about during
a Pitch situation (fore/aft acceleration)
– This is a dynamic point: moves around throughout
suspension travel
12. Basic Terminology
Toe
Top view angle of the
tire in a static situation
Turning the front of the
tire in is referred to as
adding “toe in”
Important for both front
and rear tires
14. Basic Terminology
Caster Angle
Side view tilt of the
steering axis.
Creates camber
change with steering
input
Creates a restoring
force for centering
steering wheel
15. Basic Terminology
Caster Trail
Side view distance from
the steering axis ground
plain intersection and the
contact patch center point
Creates a restoring force
for centering steering
wheel
16. Basic Terminology
Scrub Radius
Distance From which the
ground plain intersection
of the Steering axis and
the center of the tire
contact patch
Large effect on drivers
feel and steering effort
18. Basic Terminology
Bump Travel
Vertical distance wheel is
able to move up from static
position, with reference to
vehicles sprung mass
Droop Travel
Vertical distance wheel is
able to move down from
static position with reference
to vehicles sprung mass
19. Passenger Comfort
The perception of vehicle comfort is very
subjective. Much depends on the cabin
conditions. The main objective of the
designer is to minimize the rate of change
of acceleration (jerk).
20. Trophy truck video
• Front Independent
double wishbone
Suspension
•Rear Solid axle
•High horse power vehicle
23. Simplified Quarter Car Model
• Two Degree-of-
Freedom System
– However the longitudinal
and lateral stiffness of
most suspension cannot
be totally disregarded
24. Simplified Half Car Model
• Two Degree-of-Freedom System
– However the longitudinal and lateral stiffness of most
suspension cannot be totally disregarded
25. Components of Suspension
• Tire
• Linkage
• Bearings, Bushings
• Springs
• Dampers
• Sprung / Unsprung
Mass
26. Tire
• Acts as both a spring
and a damper
• These rates are
affected by air
pressure and tire
construction.
28. Spring Types
• Leaf Springs
– Used in many early
applications
– Internal friction provides
damping
– Provide Fore/Aft/Lateral
location for the axle
– Heavy
– Prone to weaken over time
29. Spring Types
• Torsion Bars
– Little to no internal
damping
– Low cost
– Often difficult to
package
30. Spring Types
• Coil Springs
– Little to no internal
damping
– Low cost
– Compact Size
– Used in many
Suspension types
32. Advantages
• Fewer Individual Components
– Easier to cheaply
manufacture and assemble
– Simplified drivetrain layout
• High Load Capacity
• Axle Components are
protected
• Can use leaf or coil springs
– Also can accept many
different types of linkages to
gain desired geometry
• Solid wheel attachment
– Minimal alignment eminence
33. Disadvantages
Disadvantages:
• Higher Unsprung Weight
– Can lead to “wheel hop”
• Axle wrap when in a leaf
spring configuration
• High Roll Center Height
• Not an Independent
Design
– Corners are coupled
• Fixed Camber Angles
34. Camber Change
• The diagram below shows how the camber is
statically fixed, and does not change in rebound
• The middle diagram shows how the camber of
the two wheels are linked to one another
35. Solid axle adjustability
• As far as the static
characteristics of the
suspension the camber
and castor are preset in
the manufacturing of the
axle housing
– However the dynamic
characteristics of the
suspension are highly
adjustable with various
forms or bar linkages
– There are many different
linkage designs for a solid
axle ranging from leaf
springs to multi-link
suspension systems
37. Double Wishbone Suspension
With Unequal Length Upper and Lower Arms
Found On:
-Stock Cars (Front)
-Corvettes (C5 &C6)
(Front and Rear)
-Honda Civics (‘88-’00)
(Front)
-Most Modern Sports
Cars
38. Advantages
• Arguably the best handling suspension design
– Wheel gains negative camber in bump
– Low Unsprung Weight
• Packaging does not compromise styling
– Low Height
• Many different geometry characteristics possible
– Designer can design suspension with minimal
compromises
– Infinite adjustability, with the most ease
– Vehicles roll centers can be placed almost anywhere
39. Disadvantages
• More expensive
– More components to make and assemble
– Alignment and fitment are critical to vehicle performance, large
area of adjustment
– Tolerance of parts must be smaller
– Requires constant alignment checks for optimum performance
• More complex
– Design often becomes more complex because all suspension
parameters are variable
– Frame has to be able to pick up a-arm inboard points
• Tire scrub occurs with vertical wheel displacement
– However this can be minimized during design
40. Double Wishbone Tuning
• The double wishbones
complexity enables it to be
adjusted quite readily
• The suspension geometry can
be adjusted in two distinct
ways
– Move the location of the inner
Chassis attachment points
– Adjust the inclination of the
upright and the pick-up
locations on the upright
• The camber, castor, roll
center, etc…. can all be
individually adjusted on this
type of suspension relatively
easily.
42. Suspension Types: MacPherson Strut
• Invented by Earl S.
MacPherson
• First used on the
1951 Ford Consul
• Ford held the patent
for the Macpherson
strut system by many
rival companies
invented similar
systems to avoid Ford
royalties
43. Suspension Types: MacPherson Strut
Advantages
– Low production costs
• Stamped construction
– Preassembled
• Strut body carries spring
assembly
– Compact
• Simple mounting and no need
for an upper control arm
– Simplicity
• Reduction in fasteners and
alignment of vehicle suspension
components.
44. Suspension Types: McPherson Strut
Disadvantages
– Large camber variation
• Body roll and wheel
movement contribute to
camber attitude
– Vertically tall mounting
position
• This compromises vehicle
styling
– Rough ride
• Some ride comfort may be
lost, as it is hard to move
smoothly because of bending
input force
– Dangerous replacement
• The spring must be
compressed and assembled
on the strut body, this causes
the handling of a charged
spring.
45. Associated forces in the strut
• Since the strut serves
as the upper control
arm as well as the
damper it is required
to provide the force to
hold the wheel at the
desired camber
attitude.
46. Adjustment of MacPherson Strut
• Since the strut governs
the King pin axis as well
as the camber of the tire,
these two parameters are
linked
• The adjustability of the
MacPherson strut is
limited, due to its
simplicity
• Most adjustability of the
suspension is achieved
by modifying the location
of the upper strut
mounting location.
47. Suspension Types: MacPherson Strut
• MacPherson Struts
are widely used on a
variety of cars today
from the everyday
road car to world
class race cars