This document discusses motivational theory and different theories of motivation. It describes intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and outlines Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory which proposes that human needs are arranged in a hierarchy from basic physiological needs to more complex psychological needs like self-actualization. The document applies Maslow's theory to a classroom setting, providing examples of how each level of needs could be supported for students. It concludes with references for further reading on motivational theories.

1. Motivational Theory
Mohammed Salam Omar Faisal
Muhannad Omer Asem Anwar
Hoshang Jaafar Bayar Aram
Groupe 6

2. MOTIVATION
Is a state of mind, filled with energy
and enthusiasm, which drives a
person to work in a certain way to
achieve desired goals.

3. TYPES OF MOTIVATION
1. Intrinsic motivation
 Learning and Growth opportunity.
 Social contract and status.
 Curiosity.
 Respect and honor.
3

4. 2. Extrinsic motivation
 Salary
 Incentive (offering rewards)
 Promotion
 Punishment
4

5. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
Is the study of what
motivates individuals to
take action, achieve
their goals, and lead a
purposeful life.
Psychologists have
proposed many
different theories of
motivation.
5
Motivational Theory

6. MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
THEORY
Proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943
paper, titled a ‘’Theory of Human Motivation”.
This theory states that our actions are
motivated by certain physiological and
psychological needs that progress from basic to
complex.
6

7. Abraham Maslow
proposed a five-tier
pyramid of human needs,
arranged in a hierarchy.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of
Needs
7

8. 1. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
These are basic needs for survival including: air,
water, food, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep
In classroom
 Provide adequate breaks
 Ensure comfort
 Arrange seats according to need

9. 2. SAFETY NEEDS
Such needs might be fulfilled by: Living in a safe area, medical facilities,
hospital, job security, law and order.
In classroom
 Maintain confidentiality/privacy as necessary
 Treat students fairly
 Follow safety rules when necessary

10. 3. SOCIAL (BELONGINGNESS AND
LOVE) NEEDS
Those are related to interaction with others and
include friendship, belonging to a group, and
giving and receiving love.
In classroom
 Show you care
 Build friendship
 Use team building exercises

11. 4. Esteem Needs
Some esteem needs include self respect, achievement, social status and
recognition.
In classroom
Praise appropriately whenever possible
Welcome ideas
Celebrate good work by students

12. 5. Self-Actualization
The highest need on Maslow’s pyramid is self-actualization,
which involves a person knowing themselves, understanding
their full potential, and reaching it (4).
In Classroom
 Be enthusiastic and supportive
 Encourage projects and plans
 Promote optimism

13. APPLICATIONS OF
MOTIVATIONAL THEORY IN
THE CLASSROOM

14. Clear goal
Encourage
students
Authentic
learning
High
expectations
Be creative
Participation
in classroom
activities

15. REFERENCES
1. Reeve J. Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley & Sons; 2018 Jan 18.
2. Heckhausen J, Wrosch C, Schulz R. A motivational theory of life-span development. Psychological review. 2010 Jan;117(1):32.
3. Van Harmelen A-L, Kievit RA, Ioannidis K, et al. Adolescent friendships predict later resilient functioning across psychosocial domains in a
healthy community cohort. Psychological Medicine. 2017;47(13):2312-2322. doi:10.1017/S0033291717000836.
4. Tripathi N. A valuation of Abraham Maslow's theory of self-actualization for the enhancement of quality of life. Indian Journal of Health &
Wellbeing. 2018 Mar 1;9(3).
5. Reece, I. & Walker,S. (2000) Teaching Training and Learning: a practical guide 4' Ed., Sunderland Business Education Publishers Ltd.
Chapter 2 section 8; Chapter 5 section 13.
6. UKEssays. Motivational Learning Theories and Their Application [Internet]. November 2018. [Accessed 30 December 2023]; Available
from: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/teaching/motivational-learning-theories-and-their-application.php?vref=1.
7. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
8. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
9. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley.
10. Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
11. Deci, E. L. (1975). Intrinsic motivation. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
12. Heider, F. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York, NY: Wiley.
13. Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion. Psychological Review, 92(4), 548-573.

16. THANK YOU