Ulcerative colitis is a disease that affects the colon and rectum. On gross examination, the mucosal surface appears red and granular, there are broad base ulcers or erosions present, and pseudopolyps and mucosal bridges can form. Microscopically, there is ulceration of the mucosa, chronic inflammatory infiltrates of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages in the basal layer, neutrophils present in the crypt epithelium causing cryptitis, crypt abscesses form with neutrophils in the dilated crypts, and there is crypt architectural distortion, loss of goblet cells and Paneth cell metaplasia.

1. -Farzana

2. Ulcerative colitis is a disease
limiting to COLON and
RECTUM.

3. GROSS :
1)Mucosal surface appears slightly red & fine
granular  resembles sand paper .

4. 2)Broad base ulcers or
superficial erosions appears.

5. 3) PSEUDOPOLYPS
Elevation in mucosa

6. 4) Tips of pseudopolyps fuse 
MUCOSAL BRIDGES

7. 5) Chronic condition
MUCOSAL ATROPHY

8. 6) Inflammatory process is
diffuse and occurs in mucosa &
submucosa

9. 7) In severe cases  Toxic
megacolon .

10. MICROSCOPY:
1)Ulceration of mucosa.

11. 2)Chronic inflammatory infiltrates 
lymphocytes , plasma cells &
macrophages  BASAL PLASMACYTOSIS

12. 3) Changes in crypts neutrophils are
present in the epithelium of crypts 
cryptitis.

13. 4)Crypt abscess formations clusters
of neutrophil within the dilated crypt.

14. 5) Crypt architectural distortion

15. 6) Loss of goblet cells & mucin
depletion with mucosal atrophy.

16. 7) Paneth cell metaplasia.

17. 8) Dysplastic changes in epithelium
 CARCINOMA
Chronic phase
Acute phase
Normal

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