i present this lovely topic at Notional Guard Hospital in Al-Ahsa in the Orthopedic department.
hope you enjoy
Fahad Al Hulaibi
Orthopedic Resident
NGH-A
Presentation contain etiology, blood supply of femoral head & neck,pathogenesis ,classification system ,clinical features,diagnosis,managment, pelvic & femoral osteotomies in detail
BEST SEMINAR, BEST SEMINAR FOR POST GRADUATE, PPT FOR POST GRADUATE, PPT FOR UNDER GRADUATE, PPT FOR COCSIZE NITES, NOTES OF THE DAY.
NOTES OF THE DAY, NOTES WITH HEAVEY NOTES, HEAVEY CONSISE NOTES, THIS IS THE WORK OF ART AND KNOWLWDGE. VERY WELL PRESENTED SEMINART OF PRIME IMPORTANCE. ITE THE BEST EVER SEEN.
i present this lovely topic at Notional Guard Hospital in Al-Ahsa in the Orthopedic department.
hope you enjoy
Fahad Al Hulaibi
Orthopedic Resident
NGH-A
Presentation contain etiology, blood supply of femoral head & neck,pathogenesis ,classification system ,clinical features,diagnosis,managment, pelvic & femoral osteotomies in detail
BEST SEMINAR, BEST SEMINAR FOR POST GRADUATE, PPT FOR POST GRADUATE, PPT FOR UNDER GRADUATE, PPT FOR COCSIZE NITES, NOTES OF THE DAY.
NOTES OF THE DAY, NOTES WITH HEAVEY NOTES, HEAVEY CONSISE NOTES, THIS IS THE WORK OF ART AND KNOWLWDGE. VERY WELL PRESENTED SEMINART OF PRIME IMPORTANCE. ITE THE BEST EVER SEEN.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
2. WHAT IS MONTEGGIA
FRACTURE?
• Fracture of ulna associated
with proximal radioulnar
joint and radio capitellar
joint dislocation.
• MC age: 4-10 YEARS
• Giovanni Batista Monteggia
in 1814
4. BADO CLASSIFICATION
TYPE RADIUS ULNA MECHANISM OF
INJURY
1. Anterior Ulnar diaphyseal fracture with
apex anterior
M/c in children, might be
associated with soft tissue
interposition
Rotational position of
forearm seems to affect
the fracture
6. 3.
Lateral Fracture of proximal ulna with
apex lateral or in varus but does
not consider olecranon fracture
2nd m/c in children, m/c a/w
soft tissue interposition
between radio capitellar joint
Varus stress at the level
of elbow when forearm
is planted on a hard
surface
TYPE RADIUS ULNA MECHANISM OF INJURY
7. 4.
Anterior Radius + ulna fracture Similar to type 1
TYPE RADIUS ULNA MECHANISM OF INJURY
8. • DORMANS AND RANG:
• Extended BADO classification by adding a type 5
• Intermittent and habitual dislocation of radio capitellar joint and
proximal radioulnar joint.
9. Letts classification
• Classified monteggia fracture in children based on the direction of
radial head dislocation and ulnar fracture
• BADO type 1 is subdivided in three sub types
• TYPE A – anterior bowing of ulna (Plastic deformation) and ant.
Dislocation of radial head
• TYPE B – Greenstick fracture of ulna
• TYPE C – Complete fracture of ulna
• TYPE D – same like BADO type 2
• TYPE E – same like BADO type 3
10. MECHANISM OF
INJURY
TYPE 1
A. Direct trauma: direct blow on
posterior aspect of forearm - ulnar fracture
and anterior dislocation of radial head.
B. Hyperextension theory: m/c:
FOOSH leading to hyper-extension of
elbow - pull of biceps leading to radial head
dislocation
11. HYPERPRONATION
THEORY:
Sudden hyper pronation causes
Rotation of radius over ulna
Anterior directed force on radial head leading
to anterior dislocation of radial head or
fracture of proximal third of ulna.
12. TYPE 2
60 degree of elbow flexion with applied
longitudinal traction resulting in posterior
elbow dislocation.
• Also in patients with weaker ulna than its
surrounding ligaments, bone gives away
earlier than the ligament hence the fracture
occurs.
13. TYPE 3
• Varus stress at the level of elbow in
combination with outstretched hand planted
firmly against a fixed surface.
• Often produces a green stick fracture with
tension failure radially and compression
medially.
• Lateral dislocation of radial head a/w rupture
of annular ligament
16. ASSOCIATED INJURIES WITH MONTEGGIA:
• Distal radial and ulnar fractures
• Galeazzi fractures
• Radial head and neck fractures
• Distal humerus lateral condyle
FACTORS A/W POORER OUTCOME:
• Intra-articular injury
• Coronoid fracture
• Comminuted ulna fracture
• Comminuted radial head fracture
17. CLINICAL FINDINGS
BADO TYPE 1
Skin tenting and ecchymosis on anterior
aspect of skin.
Fullness on anterior aspect of elbow.
Valgus positioning of elbow
18. BADO TYPE 2
Swelling in posterolateral aspect of
radial head.
Posterior tenting of skin.
Radial nerve and Posterior interosseous
nerve injury is common
19. BADO TYPE 3
Lateral swelling
Varus deformity
Loss of rom (mainly supination)
20. BADO TYPE 4
Similar to type 1 but more severe
injury
Risk of compartment syndrome
Increased risk of neurovascular
injury
21. RADIOLOGY
• Xray elbow ap and lateral
• Xray full length forearm with
wrist ap and lateral (ipsilateral)
• Xray contralateral side Elbow ap
and lateral
22. LIGAMENTS
1.Annular ligament (orbicular
ligament)
• Prime stabiliser of PRUJ
• Get tightens in supination.
• Encircles radial neck from its origin and
its insertion on proximal ulna.
• Confluent with the remainder of LCL and
provides stability to radio capitellar joint
and PRUJ also resists varus stress.
23. MUSCULATURE
• Biceps brachii
• Deforming force in type 1 lesion, hence elbow is to be kept flexed in type 1 lesion to
prevent recurrent anterior dislocation of radial head
• Anconeus
• Dynamic stabiliser of elbow joint and provides a valgus moment at the joint during
pronation and extension
• Surgical exposures of proximal radioulnar joint and radio capitellar joint is performed
through anconeus and ecu interval
24. NERVES
Radial nerve
• Passes through interval between biceps and brachialis
• Close proximity to radial head makes it susceptible to injury in monteggia
fractures (specifically in type 2)
Posterior interosseous nerve
Associated with injury in type 1 and type 3 monteggia fracture
Leads to partial or complete loss of finger extension, thumb abduction and sensory
loss over dorsum of hand of lateral three and half fingers
Ulnar nerve
• Associated with injury in type 2 monteggia because of stretched associated with
varus deformity and in chronic monteggia where it is associated with ulnar
lengthening
25. TREATMENT
• Goals of treatment:
• Restoration of radio capitellar joint congruency
• Maintain ulnar length and fracture stability
• Anatomical correction of ulnar deformity
26. Non operative treatment
Reserved for Paediatric
population
• Reduction is maintained in
flexion by above elbow cast
for 6 to 8 weeks duration
• Degree of flexion depends
upon the radial head
dislocation
28. TYPE 2
• Closed reduction via longitudinal
traction and an anteriorly directed force in
60 degree flexion.
• Slab applied in 60 degree flexion or
complete extension.
• Osteonecrosis and non union are
complications
30. TYPE 4
• Aim is to do closed reduction
and convert type 4 lesion into
type 1 by fixing radial shaft
fractures.
31. OPERATIVE treatment :
Indication for operative intervention
• Failure of ulnar reduction
Can be reduced but difficult to maintain because of
obliquity of fractures, hence ORIF is necessary
• Failure of radial head reduction
This is due to interposed soft tissue (radial
nerve/annular ligament) within the radio capitellar
joint.
33. Neglected Monteggia fracture
• Uncommon
• Frequently missed in children
• Chronic neglected monteggia > 1month
Can lead to – Limited ROM
Radial head deformation
Radioulnar synostosis
Malunion
shortening of Ulna
34. Neglected Monteggia Lesion
• Criteria for surgical Repair
(1). Normal concave radial head articular and convex capitulum
(2). Progressive deformity
(3). Normal shape of radius and ulna
(Deformity of either correctable by osteotomy)
Best when corrected within 6 months of injury
Better outcome up to 10 years of age
35. • Surgical procedure
Open reduction
Ulnar osteotomy alone or in combination with ligament
reconstruction
Annular ligament repair or reconstruction
Radial osteotomy
Radial head excision
36. Ulnar osteotomy
• Aim – to restore radio-ulnar relation and interosseous membrane
• Mc location is at level of Proximal Ulna
• Posterior bending overcorrection osteotomy – ulnar lengthening
• Bone grafting
• Fix with either plate and screws or
• Using gradual lengthening technique temporary stabilization with
external fixation followed by gradual lengthening
• Some patient might need ALR if unstable.(check for stability intra-op)
37.
38. They did z shaped sagittal osteotomy, distracted, angulated and fixed
with one medio-lateral screw
Post op immobilised in AE slab for 6 weeks followed by gradual
mobilization
39. Rajasekaran S, Venkatadass K. "Sliding angulation osteotomy": preliminary report of a novel technique of treatment for chronic radial head
dislocation following missed Monteggia injuries. Int Orthop. 2014 Dec;38(12):2519-24. doi: 10.1007/s00264-014-2514-8. Epub 2014 Sep 11.
PMID: 25209346.
40. ANNULAR LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION:
• Intra op test for radial head stability should be checked
• Approaches for ALR
• Kocher approach
• Boyds approach
41. APPROACHES:
Kocher approach:
• Skin incision over the lateral
epicondyle and continue distally and
obliquely directly over the lateral
epicondyle up to proximal ulna
• Inter nervous plane: b/w anconeus and
ECU
• Forearm in pronation in order to
protect PIN
42. BOYD APPROACH:
• Incision: extends from lateral border of triceps to
lateral condyle and extending along the radial side
of proximal ulna.
• This incision is carried under the anconeus and ecu
in an extra periosteal manner elevating the fibres
of supinator from ulna.
• Advantages:
• Approach proximal fourth of radius
• Access radio capitellar joint
• Fixation of ulna
43. ANNULAR LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTION:
Bell tawse:
• Used the central portion of triceps tendon passed through a drill hole and around he radal neck to stabilise the
reduction and immobilised the elbow in long arm cast in extension
44. • BUCKNILLAND LLYOD ROBERTS:
Modified bell tawse approach where they used the lateral portion of triceps tendon with a trans
capitellar pin for stability.
Elbow was immobilised in flexion
• THOMPSON AND LIPSCOMB:
Utilised fasica lata for the same approach.
46. Treatment of choice
• ORIF of ulna fracture with 3.5 mm DCP or Intramedullary nailing (less
favoured) in paediatric patients
• Plate on tension side of ulna
• Close reduction of radial head once ulnar length is achieved
• Failure of close reduction of radial head – open reduction of radial head
and pinning
• Posterior elbow splint or AE slab Post op f/b physiotherapy
Monteggia fracture in adults
50. TAKE HOME MESSAGE
• HIGH INDEX OF SUSPICION
• ALWAYS GET XRAY OF IPSILATERAL WRIST AND CONTRALATERAL
ELBOW
• CONSERVATIVELY MANAGED PATIENT TO BE FOLLOWED UP EVERY
WEEKLY FOR SEQUENTIAL CHECK XRAYS
• CHECK FOR RADIAL NERVE AND POST INTEROSSEOUS NERVE PALSY
• LOOK FOR SIGNS OF COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
• FAILIURE TO MAKE DIAGNOSIS CAN LEAD TO CHRONIC MONTEGGIA
LESION