This document discusses tools for monitoring and evaluating extension interventions. It begins by defining monitoring as the systematic collection of data during program implementation to track progress, while evaluation assesses overall outcomes and impacts. A variety of quantitative and qualitative tools are described that can be used for both monitoring and evaluation. Key points include selecting appropriate tools based on the program stage, comparing monitoring and evaluation, and using indicators to quantify qualitative data and assess economic impacts. The document provides examples of how these tools can be applied to assess dairy extension programs.
MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMESAyush Mishra
MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES. HIGHLIGHTS EXTENSION PROGRAMME PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PROJECTS, STEPS IN PROGRAM PLANNING ETC.
Bottom up Planning: An established systematic process of achieving certain ends with accuracy and efficiency, usually in an ordered sequence of fixed steps.
A process of systematic appraisal by which we determine the value, worth or meaning of an activity or an enterprise. Through evaluation one can determine which general strategies are more or less successful, which are achieving more effective and economically and which subsystem within the training need to be strengthened, modified or replaced in the light of learning outcomes due to training.
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMESAyush Mishra
MONITORING & EVALUATION OF EXTENSION PROGRAMMES. HIGHLIGHTS EXTENSION PROGRAMME PLANNING, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF PROJECTS, STEPS IN PROGRAM PLANNING ETC.
Bottom up Planning: An established systematic process of achieving certain ends with accuracy and efficiency, usually in an ordered sequence of fixed steps.
A process of systematic appraisal by which we determine the value, worth or meaning of an activity or an enterprise. Through evaluation one can determine which general strategies are more or less successful, which are achieving more effective and economically and which subsystem within the training need to be strengthened, modified or replaced in the light of learning outcomes due to training.
Pluralistic Agricultural Extension in IndiaRavi Kn
The new extension regime recognise the need for Muti-agency collaboration to combine strengths. Thereby promoting both Public and non-public (private sector, NGOs, FIG/CIG/POs, PPP Models) actors in Extension work to enhance the delivery system in agricultural extension to all type of farmers.
Capacity building, Training & need for trainingBaskar Selvam
Capacity building is essential for skill development. For handling farmers in extension programs, skill and knowledge is needed. So, trainings are given to that agriculture extension personnel.
“Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Nepal: Constraints and Challenges” presented by Bishnu Pant, IIDS, Nepal, at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
Monitoring and evaluation is a vital component that determines the effectiveness of a corporation's assistance by establishing clear links between past, present and future initiatives and results. The process helps in improving the programme performance and achieving desired results. It provides opportunities for fine-tuning, re-orientation and planning of the programme effectively, without which it becomes impossible to measure the success and impact of the programme even if the approach is right.
Capacity building, Training & need for trainingBaskar Selvam
Capacity building is essential for skill development. For handling farmers in extension programs, skill and knowledge is needed. So, trainings are given to that agriculture extension personnel.
“Agricultural Performance and Food Security in Nepal: Constraints and Challenges” presented by Bishnu Pant, IIDS, Nepal, at the ReSAKSS-Asia Conference, Nov 14-16, 2011, in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Basics of adult learning
Extension methods in various fields
• Individual Method
Farm and home visits, office calls, phone calls, e-mails, personal letters.
• Group method
method and result demonstrations, study visits, meetings, farmer field schools, extension schools.
• Mass method :
television, radio, leaflets, newspapers
Planning for effective use of the methods.
Role of audio, visual, and audio-visual aids in facilitating use of extension methods
Evaluating effectiveness of various extension methods.
Monitoring and evaluation is a vital component that determines the effectiveness of a corporation's assistance by establishing clear links between past, present and future initiatives and results. The process helps in improving the programme performance and achieving desired results. It provides opportunities for fine-tuning, re-orientation and planning of the programme effectively, without which it becomes impossible to measure the success and impact of the programme even if the approach is right.
This presentation has a vivid description of the basics of doing a program evaluation, with detailed explanation of the " Log Frame work " ( LFA) with practical example from the CLICS project. This presentation also includes the CDC framework for evaluation of program.
N.B: Kindly open the ppt in slide share mode to fully use all the animations wheresoever made.
What’s the purpose of evaluation - Evaluation in extension
- Monitoring - Appraisal - Why Evaluate - Types of Evaluation - several ways of collecting information for evaluation at the village level
During this masterclass, participants will delve into the fundamental concepts, tools, and techniques of project monitoring and evaluation. Through interactive discussions, case studies, and practical exercises, attendees will gain a comprehensive understanding of MEAL principles and their application in diverse project contexts.
Key Objectives
Understand the importance of project monitoring and evaluation in ensuring project success.
Learn how to develop and implement effective monitoring and evaluation frameworks.
Explore various data collection methods and analysis techniques for monitoring and evaluation purposes.
Gain insights into utilizing monitoring and evaluation findings to inform decision-making and improve project outcomes.
Learning Outcomes: By the end of the masterclass, participants will able to:
Define key concepts related to project monitoring and evaluation.
Develop a monitoring and evaluation plan tailored to specific project requirements.
Apply appropriate data collection methods and tools for monitoring and evaluation activities.
Utilize monitoring and evaluation findings to enhance project performance and impact.
Why Attend:
Enhance your professional skills: Acquire practical knowledge and skills in project monitoring and evaluation that can be applied across various sectors and industries.
Boost career prospects: Gain a competitive edge by adding project monitoring and evaluation expertise to your skill set, making you a valuable asset to organizations and employers.
Network with industry professionals: Connect with like-minded individuals, experts, and practitioners in the field of project management and evaluation, fostering valuable relationships and potential collaborations.
Stay updated with industry trends: Learn about the latest trends, best practices, and emerging technologies in project monitoring and evaluation, ensuring you stay ahead in your professional journey.
Introduction to Development Evaluation 发展评价导言Dadang Solihin
Shanghai International Program for Development Evaluation Training Asia-Pacific Finance and Development Center; 200 Panlong Road-Shanghai, October 9, 2008
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
1. Monitoring and impact assessment tools for extension
interventions
ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute
Karnal-132001, Haryana (India)
B.S.Meena
bmeena65@gmail.com
8. Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 8
Particular Input output Impact
Community
Investment Route
(Donations to, and
Partnerships with community
organisations)
How, Why, What,
Where
Social output
Business output
Leverage
Social Impact
Business Impact
9. Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 9
Reproductive
problems
Problem severity Scores
Indigenous cow CB cow Buffalo (Mu) Buffalo (ND) Total
Anestrus
Repeat breeding
Abortion
Still birth
Retention of placenta
Dystocia
Cervico-Vaginal
prolapse
Uterine prolapse
10. Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 10
Reproductive
problems
Problem severity Scores
1 2 3 4 5
Anestrus minor problem (<60
days)
60 days 90 days 120 days ≥ 150 days
Repeat breeding <3 services ≥ 3 services 4 services 5 services more than 5
services
Abortion 2 – 5 % 6 – 10 % 11 – 15 % 16 – 20% >20 %
Still birth No problem Up to 2.5% 5. -5 % 6 – 10% >10%
Retention of placenta minor problem up to
12 hours
12-24 hours 24-48 hours 48-72 hours More than 72
hours
Dystocia No assistant Slight assistant Needed assistant Considerable force Extremely
difficulty
Cervico-Vaginal
prolapse
Minor prolapse Intermittent
prolapse of vagina
especially when
recumbent
Continuous
prolapse when
recumbent and
stand
Continuous
prolapse of vagina
along with bladder
and cervix
Continuous
prolapse with
tissue damage by
trauma, infection
or necrosis
Uterine prolapse Minor prolapse Prolapse of Uterus Prolapse of both
uterine horn &
treatment within 24
hrs
Prolapse of both
horns and tissue
damage, infection
11. INTRODUCTION
The Global Consultation on Agricultural Extension observed that
monitoring and evaluation are important yet frequently neglected
functions in most organizations (FAO, 1990). In the worldwide survey
of national extension systems, it was found that only about one half
of all national extension systems have some type of monitoring and
evaluation capacity.
National extension systems should be strongly encouraged to
establish and use monitoring procedures and evaluation studies both
to improve extension performance and to communicate the results of
extension programmes to policy makers and clientele being served.
Extension systems need to carefully consider monitoring,
management information needs, sources of information, and a
management information system
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 11
12. Monitoring
• Monitoring is the systematic process of collecting, analyzing and using
information to track a programme’s progress toward reaching its
objectives and to guide management decisions. Monitoring usually
focuses on processes, such as when and where activities occur, who
delivers them and how many people or entities they reach.
• Monitoring is conducted after a programme has begun and continues
throughout the programme implementation period. Monitoring is
sometimes referred to as process, performance or formative evaluation.
Monitoring is the ongoing measuring or gauging of progress or impact
of extension, it stands in clear contrast to the more customary
“summatory” evaluation, which is usually conducted at the end of a
program and of which the evaluation results are normally of interest
only for managers or managerial decisions.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 12
13. Principles of monitoring
1. Monitoring must be simple.
2. Monitoring must be timely.
3. Monitoring must be relevant.
4. Information provided through monitoring should be dependable.
5. Monitoring efforts should be participatory.
6. Monitoring must be flexible.
7. Monitoring should be action oriented.
8. Monitoring must be cost-effective.
9. Monitoring efforts should be top management oriented.
10. Monitoring units represent specialised undertakings.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 13
15. EVALUATION
• Evaluation is systematic and objective assessment of an ongoing or a completed
project. It has a wider scope than monitoring. It focuses on design, implementation and
outcomes of the project. The aim of evaluation is to determine the relevance and
fulfillment of the objectives and identifying the impact.
• Evaluation is a process of systematically assessing the operation and/or outcomes and
impacts of a program or project by collecting evidence to determine if certain
acceptable standards have been met and to answer other relevant questions. This
implies that clear, measurable objectives are created for each program or project prior
to its implementation. Evaluation results based on these predetermined objectives, as
well as assessments of unintended consequences, are used to improve the program or
project, or to decide that it should be disbanded. Evaluation is both an art and a
science.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 15
16. Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 16
Monitoring Evaluation
Clarifies program objectives Analyses why objectives were or were not
achieved
Links activities and resources to
objectives
Assesses contributions of activities in
achieving results
Translates objectives into performance
indicators and sets benchmarks
Examines implementation process and
outcomes
Routinely collects data on these indicators
and compares results with targets
Explores unintended results, if any
Reports progress to managers and alerts
them to problems
Provides lessons, highlights program
potential, and
offers recommendations for improvement
Complementarities between Monitoring and Evaluation
17. COMPARISON BETWEEN MONITIORING AND EVALUATION
Basis for
comparison
Monitoring Evaluation
Meaning Monitoring refers to a routine
process that examines the
activities and progress of the
project and also identifies
bottlenecks during the process.
Evaluation is a sporadic
activity that is used to draw
conclusion regarding the
relevance and effectiveness
of the project or program.
Related to Observation Judgement
Occurs at Operational level Business level
Process Short term Long term
Focuses on Improving efficiency Improving effectiveness
Conducted by Internal Party Internal or External Party
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 17
18. Monitoring and evaluation are important because
M&E results in better transparency and accountability
M&E helps organizations catch problems early
M&E helps ensure resources are used efficiently
M&E helps organizations learn from their mistakes
M&E improves decision-making
M&E helps organizations stay organized
M&E helps organizations replicate the best projects/programs
M&E encourages innovation
M&E encourages diversity of thought and opinions
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 18
19. Monitoring and evaluation in extension
•Monitoring helps to ensure that programs are implemented in accordance
with their design and objectives, and helps answer questions such as “Are
we doing the right thing? Are we doing it right?” Extension managers use
monitoring to track progress by gathering periodic information on project
inputs and activities and, based on data, adjust an ongoing program’s
personnel, resource allocation, and/or staff recognition, and often are
linked with formal impact assessments.
•Most extension systems have set up a data collection system on what
extension program is offered to whom, where and how many benefitted, etc.
Generally, extension managers track resources (e.g., funds, personnel, and
supplies) and processes (e.g., occurrence of meetings, demonstrations,
and publications).
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 19
20. Selecting appropriate evaluation tools
• It is important to select appropriate tools and techniques. As
with all decisions related to evaluation, the selection of tools
and techniques should be consistent with the purpose, user,
and intended use of the results.
Common Evaluation Tools and Techniques by Program
Stage
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 20
21. Types of
Studies
Typical Questions Answered Examples of
Evaluation Tools
and Techniques
Needs
Assessment
What are the felt and unfelt
needs of the audience?
Surveys
Focus Groups
Feasibility
Study
Can extension address these
needs?
Do they fit with extension’s
mission?
Observation
Content Analysis
(e.g., of office records)
Baseline
Study
Is the program or project
socially, economically,
environmentally feasible?
Economic Analysis
(e.g., benefit/cost
analysis)
Program Stage : Planning Stage
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 21
22. Types of
Studies
Typical Questions
Answered
Examples of Evaluation Tools
and Techniques
Formative
Evaluation
Is the program meeting its
objectives of intended
outcomes?
Annual Monitoring Reports
(e.g., staff time and activity
reports,
crop yield, seed cost)
Is the audience satisfied with
the program?
Adoption Patterns for New
Technology
Program
Monitoring
Are the media delivering
program messages?
Evaluative Studies of Knowledge,
Attitude, and Behavior Change
Customer Satisfaction Surveys
Content Analysis of News
Releases
Implementation Stage
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 22
23. Types of
Studies
Typical Questions
Answered
Examples of Evaluation Tools
and Techniques
Summative
Evaluation
Is the program cost
effective?
Surveys
(e.g., personal interviews,
telephone
surveys, mail surveys, online
surveys)
Impact
Assessment
Has the program addressed
the needs or gaps identified?
Pre- and Post-project Data
Analysis
Is the program achieving
desired outcomes?
Cohort Studies
Concluding or Results Stage
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 23
24. What is Impact Assessment?
• Impact Assessment is a means of measuring the
effectiveness of organizational activities and judging the
significance of changes brought about by those activities. It
is neither Art nor Science, but both. Impact assessment is
intimately linked to Mission and articulate impact is a
powerful means of communicating, internally and externally,
the contribution of activities to the Mission of an operation/
organization/ programme/ project etc.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 24
25. Approaches of Impact Assessment
• 1. Ex ante impact assessment: Usually done to know what the
impact of an intervention might be. It is done at need analysis
and planning stage of project cycle. Here the future benefits
of the project/intervention will be calculated in terms of
economic benefits, productivity increase, effect on
environment etc.
• 2. Ex post impact assessment: Usually conducted to know to
what extent and how an intervention brings out a change it
was intended to. This is done after the technology/
intervention has been widely adopted by farmers/
beneficiaries. It is mostly used to know the impact of
technologies.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 25
26. Difference between Monitoring, Evaluation and Impact Evaluation
Monitoring Evaluation Impact Evaluation
Measures on-going
activities
Measures performance of
project against objective
the Measures changes:
positive or negative,
intended or not
Important during
implementation of the
project
Important in the middle or
at the end of the project
Can be included at all
stages and/ or after the
end of the project
Focus on intervention Focus on intervention Focus on affected
population
Focus on outputs Focus on outcomes Focus on impact
‘What is being done’? What has happened? Did
we achieve what we
intended to achieve?
‘What has changed? For
whom? How significant it is
for them?’
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 26
27. Quantitative and qualitative tools for impact assessment:
Quantitative tools Qualitative tools
Structured interview
schedule
Key informant and semi-structured
interviews
Surveys Participatory rural appraisal
Questionnaires Rapid rural appraisal
Telephone Focus group discussions
Participant observation
Case study
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 27
28. Criteria to select statements and Indicators
Statements Should be simple ,clear, and direct towards objectives
Should be unambiguous
Should not be factual
Should avoid double negative items
Should not use word like often, always, never, sometime etc.
Avoid double-barreled items, which is one item asking two questions
Avoid statements that are irrelevant to the psychological object
under consideration
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 28
29. Steps to be followed for finalize statements
1. Select the statements from the books, literature,
articles, personal experience, experts etc.
2. Item relevancy analysis by the expert judgement
3. Normalization of each indicators
4. Assigning weight to each indictors and ask to
respondents
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 29
30. Method Convert qualitative data to quantitative
• Adoption of Improved kid management practices by the
Goat farmers
• Here, Researcher can use 3 code for Adopted continued and
2 code for Adopted discontinued and 1 code for never
adopted improved practices of kid management practices of
Goat. So by using these code we could analysis that how
many goat farmers are adopted , never adopted etc.
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 30
31. Sl.
no
Practices Adopted
continued
(3)
Adopted
discontinued
(2)
Never
adopted
(1)
1 Do you remove mucous membrane around mouth and nostril and clean
with cloth?
2 Do you cut the naval cord and apply antiseptic?
3 Do you feed colostrum as early as possible (<30 mint.) ?
4 Do you provide milk according to body weight?
5 Do you provide drug for deworming?
6 Do you Provide feed (green/concentrate) from 15 days onwards?
7 Do you Provide clean and fresh water?
8 Do you castrate of male kid before 2 months (for sale purpose)?
9 What method do you follow for castration of male kid?
10 Do you provide proper bedding material in winter?
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 31
32. Impact Assessment of Livestock Based Intervention of the Dairy Farmers
Sr No. List of Dairy Based Intervention Number Number of Beneficiary
1 Balanced Feeding
1 Bypass fat supplementation
3 Field Visit
4 Bio Security and Hoof Management
5 Dairy Mela
6 Animal health camp
7 Ectoparasite Control
8 Endoparasite Control(Deworming)
9 Mastitis Control Protocol
10 Targeted Infertility treatment
11 Calf Care
12 Fist aid/ Emergency Management Kit
13 Mineral Mixture
14 Dairy Education at Doorstep of Farmer
15 Kisan Sangoithi
16 Value addition of milk
17 Extension Literature Distributed
18 Training Programme organized
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 32
33. Economic Impact Assessment of Balanced feeding
Sr No. Particulars n=
(Population of Livestock Keeper)
1 Cost of Balanced feeding ( Month/Year) In Rupee
2 Average milk yield before Intervention In liters/day
3 Change in milk yield after providing Intervention In liters/day
4 Return from the Milk yield (In month, Year) In Rupee
5 Increase in reproductive efficiency In Rupee
6 Increase in Value of Animal In Rupee
7 Total Expenditure In Rupee
8 Gross Return In Rupee
9 Net Return = Total Expenditure - Gross Return In Rupee
10 B:C Ratio - Gross Return /Total Expenditure In Rupee
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 33
34. Economic Impact Assessment of Bypass fat supplementation
Sr No. Particulars n= (No. Livestock Keeper) and Unit
1 Cost of Bypass fat supplement (Month/Year) In Rupee
2 Average milk yield before intervention In kg
3 Change in milk yield after intervention In kg
4 Return from milk yield In kg
5 Increase in productive efficiency In Rupee
6 Increase in value of animal In Rupee
7 Cost on man power involved In Rupee
8 Total Expenditure In Rupee
9 Gross return In Rupee
10 Net Return = Total Expenditure - Gross Return In Rupee
11 B:C Ratio - Gross Return /Total Expenditure In Rupee
Monitoring and Impact ........... Extension Interventions 34