This document discusses enterprise security in the cloud. It covers identity and access controls, auditing, and encryption. For identity and access, it describes secure access controls like multi-factor authentication, role-based access controls, and dedicated virtual private clouds (VPCs). For auditing, it outlines activity logs, monitoring and alerts, and a real-time activity panel. For encryption, it discusses key management, different encryption service levels, and key service differences between AWS, GCP and Azure.

1. Enterprise Security
in the Cloud
Davi Ottenheimer

2. MongoDB
Product Security
Making safety easier, faster, and more flexible

3. Davi Ottenheimer
Product Security
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4. https://www.flickr.com/photos/39391550@N00/6116946646
Security in the Cloud

5. https://www.flickr.com/photos/39391550@N00/6116946646
Why Do We Trust
600,000 Rivet Towers
Spanning a Salt Fog?

6. SALT FOG

7. 60,000 Rivets Per Plane
1. Normal - takeoff and landing routines
2. Emergency - minutes to make a critical decision
“Life begins with a checklist...and it may end if you don’t use it”
United States War Office Film 1-3301 How to Fly the B-26
http://www.flyingpenguin.com/?p=12965

8. Standards of Service Organization Control
Compliance: Because even
experienced, smart people
get security wrong
PRIVACY & SECURITY
INTEGRITY
AVAILABILITY
CONFIDENTIALITY
AICPA
SOC 2

9. DIY Security - A Great Way to Learn!
https://github.com/pkdone/MongoSecurityPlaypen
WARNING: This
project intentionally is
NOT "production
secure"
SECURITY
SERVICES

10. Let’s make security less complex with fewer errors...
On-premises Database as a ServiceSelf-managed in a cloud
Managed features with
minimal configuration
Download, install,
configure management software
Configure firewall and manage ports
Encrypt network traffic
for MongoDB deployment
Encrypt network traffic to/from management
software and your MongoDB deployment
Enable and configure authentication
Enable and configure RBAC
Configure storage-level encryption
Encrypt backup jobs
Security hardening
Download, install,
configure management software
Configure firewall and manage ports
Encrypt network traffic
for MongoDB deployment
Encrypt network traffic to/from management
software and your MongoDB deployment
Enable and configure authentication
Enable and configure RBAC
Configure storage-level encryption
Encrypt backup jobs
Security hardening

11. Enterprise
Security Agenda
in Cloud
Identity and Access
Auditing
Encryption

12. Identity and Access

13. Secure Access in Cloud
Default Role is Closed
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
Integration
Role-based Access Controls (RBAC)
for Projects, Users and Teams

14. Secure Access in Cloud
Basic Checks
• TLS in-flight data encryption
• SCRAM or LDAP for user login
• Firewall (IP whitelist, default closed)
Design Considerations
• Dedicated VPC/Vnet: isolated single-tenant cluster nodes
• Peering between AWS VPCs (in same AWS region)

15. Dedicated VPC (per project)
• Network by default closed to public traffic
• IP addresses must be explicitly whitelisted
for inbound traffic
• Username and password required to
connect to database with configurable
privileges
• Encryption
• TLS In-Transit (Network)
• AES At-Rest (Volume)
VPC per Atlas project
Firewall
User & Password
Authorization
At-rest encryption
IP Whitelist
Application server
environments
Application server
environments
TLS
Encryption
Secondary Secondary
Primary

16. Peering Between VPC
VPC per Atlas project
Firewall
At-rest encryption
Application server
environments
VPC Peering
connection
Your VPC for app servers
User & password
authorization
Secondary Secondary
Primary
• Network by default closed to public traffic
• IP addresses must be explicitly whitelisted
for inbound traffic
• Username and password required to
connect to database with configurable
privileges
• Encryption
• TLS In-Transit (Network)
• AES At-Rest (Volume)
• Peering cluster VPC to app VPC = private
network (can even reference VPC peered
security groups)

17. Data Flow Diagrams
Account
Network
Query Router (mongos)
Config
Servers
Customer
Replica Set
Cluster
Secondary Secondary
Primary
Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3
IaaS
Shard 0
2 2
1
UnshardedSharded
Each Shard
Backup
Service
Shard 1
2 2
1
Shard 2
2 2
1

18. Auditing

19. Activity Logs
• Records
• Database Processes
• Create, Read, Update, Delete (CRUD)
• Live feeds on all actions for monitoring/alerts
• User or role modifications
• Cluster deploy
• Scale
• Termination operations

20. Fine-grained monitoring and alerts

21. Fine-grained monitoring and alerts
● Monitoring and alerts provide full metrics on the state of your cluster’s
database and server usage
● Automatic notifications when your database operations or server
usage reach defined thresholds that affect your cluster's performance
● Combining our automated alerting with the flexible scale-up-and-out
options in MongoDB Atlas, we can keep your database-supported
applications always performing as well as they should

22. Real-time activity panel

23. Real-time activity panel
Insight by revealing what’s happening in your cluster live to diagnose:
• Operations
• Read/Writes
• Network In/Out
• Memory
• Hottest Collections
• Slowest Operations

24. Behavioral Advisor

25. Behavioral Advisor
Always-on for dedicated clusters
Delivers automated recommendations without perf overhead
• Relevant stats on slow queries
• Automated index suggestions
• Existing indexes across clusters

26. Data Explorer
Interact with data from within UI.
Data Explorer convenient way to:
• Run queries
• See metadata about your databases &
collections
• View information about your indexes,
including index usage statistics

27. Queryable Snapshots
Query backup and restore data at document level in minutes
Identify whether data of interest has been
altered and pinpoint best time to
restore database by comparing
multiple snapshots

28. Encryption

29. Key Management

30. Partner Key
Management
Appliance:
Master Keys
Replica0
Replica Host (Linux, Windows…)
Replica0 (mongod)
Internal Keystore
(Encrypted by Master Key)
DB0
Embedded Key Management in Replicas
Certificate
PEM File
CA
Certificates
File
DB0 DB1 DBn
KMIP via TLS
(create / get) DB1 DBn
Replica1
Replica2

31. Encryption Service Levels
Key Store
Key Distribution
Encrypted Data
Key Store
Key Distribution
Encrypted Data
Key Store
Key Distribution
Encrypted Data
Customer Customer
Customer
More Control (Customer-Managed Keys) More Ease (Encryption by Default)
Cloud Key Service

32. Encryption Service Use Cases
Regulated /
Top Secret
(PII/PHI/PCI)
Encrypted Data
Secret
(IP, Internal)
Key Distribution
Encrypted Data
Key Store
Key Distribution
Encrypted Data
More Control (Customer-Managed Keys) More Ease (Encryption by Default)
Cloud Key Service
Confidential

33. IaaS Key Service Differences
Key Service Symmetric Asymmetric Data Size Unwrap keys Sign/verify
AWS KMS AES-GCM-256 N/A 4kB RSA-OAEP
and CKM_RSA_PKCS
N/A
GCP KMS AES-GCM-256 N/A 64kB N/A N/A
Azure KV AES-256 RSA-2048 with
RSA-OAEP
and CKM_RSA_PKCS
Single 2048-bit
RSA block
RSA-OAEP and
CKM_RSA_PKCS
RSA-PSS
and CKM_RSA_PKCS
http://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/overview.html
https://cloud.google.com/kms/docs/
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/security/azure-security-encryption-atrest#key-hierarchy

34. For Instance: Recent Migration Checklist
• Log Review
• Security Policies
• Identity and Access Controls
• Encryption and Key Management
• Disaster Recovery / Backup
• Redundancy / Resilience
• Networked Workloads
• Product Load / Scale
• Patching Cycles
Abstracted
Service
Architecture

35. https://www.flickr.com/photos/39391550@N00/6116946646
Why Do We Trust
600,000 Rivet Towers
Spanning a Salt Fog?

36. Security in the Cloud
Identity and Access
Auditing
Encryption

37. Enterprise Security
in the Cloud
Davi Ottenheimer