DNA can be extracted from samples using methods that involve breaking open cells and removing cellular proteins and other contaminants. The extracted DNA is then used for techniques like PCR amplification and RFLP analysis. PCR allows specific DNA regions to be replicated millions of times for analysis, while RFLP identifies differences in DNA fragments after restriction enzyme digestion.

5. PCRPCRPCRPCR

6. DNADNA DNA Extraction or IsolationDNA Extraction or Isolation::
DNA markersDNA markers..
DNADNA
DNADNA

7. DNADNA::
DNADNA

8. DNADNA
11
Sodium dodecycl sulphate (SDSSodium dodecycl sulphate (SDS((..
CTABCTAB..MTABMTAB..
Tris / HClTris / HClpHpH77
22DNADNAEndogenous nucleasesEndogenous nucleases
EDTAEDTAExtraction bufferExtraction buffer
DNADNA..

9. .(.(
6565
proteinase-Kproteinase-K..
33
44RNARNA
RNARNARNaseRNase..
55NaClNaClKClKCl ++ CTABCTAB..

10. DNADNA
DNADNA::
DNADNADNADNA
DNADNA..

11. 55XX
RFLPRFLP::
PCRPCR::
11DNADNA..
33
RFLPRFLP((Restriction Fragment Length PolymorphismRestriction Fragment Length Polymorphism((
22--Restriction of DNARestriction of DNA..
44--Screening by probeScreening by probe..