The document discusses protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, specifically the atypical PKC (aPKC) isoforms ι and ζ. It notes that aPKCι and ζ share well-defined protein domains, including PB1, C1, and kinase domains, and are 72% similar at the amino acid level. Studies have found that aPKCι knockout is lethal, while aPKCζ knockout has milder effects, and that the isoforms have different roles in processes like cell polarity and tumor formation. Deletion of the kinase domain causes aPKCι, but not aPKCζ, to enter the nucleus, suggesting the isoforms have different shuttling