Module 2 Anatomy & Diseases
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This document provides definitions for various anatomy and medical terms related to the stomach, gallbladder, colon, female reproductive system, and surgical procedures. It defines terms like gastrectomy, gastroenterostomy, fundoplication, vagotomy, cholecystectomy, cholecystitis, cholecystolithiasis, total colectomy, episiotomy, salpingectomy, oophrectomy, myomectomy, D&C, and Caesarean section. The document serves as a reference for common anatomy, diseases, and surgical procedures involving the listed organ systems.
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Stomach and duodenum_-_benign_lesions[2]
This document summarizes various benign lesions of the stomach and duodenum. It describes the gross anatomy and embryology of the stomach and duodenum. It then discusses several specific benign conditions like idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia, gastric and duodenal diverticula, gastric and duodenal webs, gastric ulcers, and various inflammatory conditions of the stomach and duodenum including erosive gastritis, antral gastritis, helicobacter pylori gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, and Menetrier's disease. It provides details on clinical features, investigative findings, treatment and prognosis for many of these conditions.
Duodenum and duodenal diverticulum
The duodenum is the C-shaped, initial part of the small intestine that receives contents from the stomach. Duodenal diverticula are pouches that can protrude either outside (extramural) or inside (intramural) the duodenum wall. Extramural diverticula are more common, located near the bile duct entrance, and their cause is not fully known. Most duodenal diverticula are asymptomatic, but some people experience abdominal pain, nausea, or jaundice. Complications can include gallstones or inflammation of the bile ducts and pancreas if the diverticulum obstructs these structures. Diagnosis involves imaging like barium X-rays, endoscopy, CT
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Hernia
The document defines hernia as a protrusion of an organ through the body wall that contains it, discusses the most common types of hernias including their risk factors, classifications, clinical features, and management through both non-operative and operative approaches such as open and laparoscopic repair. Specific hernia configurations and other rare types are also reviewed, with comparisons in characteristics and treatments.
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This document discusses the embryology and anatomy of the stomach. It provides the following key points:
1. During embryonic development, the stomach rotates along its longitudinal and anteroposterior axes, causing its final adult position with the cardiac portion on the left and pylorus on the right.
2. The adult stomach is located in the left upper quadrant and extends across the midline, with the greater curvature forming the anterior wall and lesser curvature the posterior wall.
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Amol -Congenital anamolies of GIT
The document discusses the embryogenesis and development of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing how the endoderm-lined yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo to form the primitive gut during folding of the embryo. It then describes the specific regions of the gut - the pharyngeal gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut. It notes that the endoderm forms the gut lining and associated glands while mesoderm forms the muscle, connective tissue and peritoneal components. The mesentery is also described. Common causes of gastrointestinal obstruction by age are listed. The document then focuses specifically on the development and common abnormalities of the esophagus.
DEVELOPMENT OF GIT AND CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF GIT
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Stomas
The document discusses stomas, which are artificial openings in the colon or small intestine used to divert feces outside the abdomen. It describes two types of stomas - loop ileostomies, which are temporary and used to defunction a low rectal anastomosis, and end ileostomies, which can be permanent. It also discusses short bowel syndrome, defined as less than 200cm of residual small intestine in adults, and its causes and management through medical therapy including TPN, intestinal lengthening surgeries, and intestinal transplantation in severe cases.
Recommended
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This document summarizes various benign lesions of the stomach and duodenum. It describes the gross anatomy and embryology of the stomach and duodenum. It then discusses several specific benign conditions like idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, duodenal atresia, gastric and duodenal diverticula, gastric and duodenal webs, gastric ulcers, and various inflammatory conditions of the stomach and duodenum including erosive gastritis, antral gastritis, helicobacter pylori gastritis, hypertrophic gastritis, and Menetrier's disease. It provides details on clinical features, investigative findings, treatment and prognosis for many of these conditions.
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Hernia
The document defines hernia as a protrusion of an organ through the body wall that contains it, discusses the most common types of hernias including their risk factors, classifications, clinical features, and management through both non-operative and operative approaches such as open and laparoscopic repair. Specific hernia configurations and other rare types are also reviewed, with comparisons in characteristics and treatments.
Imaging of stomach
This document discusses the embryology and anatomy of the stomach. It provides the following key points:
1. During embryonic development, the stomach rotates along its longitudinal and anteroposterior axes, causing its final adult position with the cardiac portion on the left and pylorus on the right.
2. The adult stomach is located in the left upper quadrant and extends across the midline, with the greater curvature forming the anterior wall and lesser curvature the posterior wall.
3. Radiological techniques for examining the stomach include barium studies, CT, MRI, and virtual endoscopy, which allow evaluation of stomach morphology, layers, and relationships to surrounding organs.
Amol -Congenital anamolies of GIT
The document discusses the embryogenesis and development of the gastrointestinal tract. It begins by describing how the endoderm-lined yolk sac is incorporated into the embryo to form the primitive gut during folding of the embryo. It then describes the specific regions of the gut - the pharyngeal gut, foregut, midgut and hindgut. It notes that the endoderm forms the gut lining and associated glands while mesoderm forms the muscle, connective tissue and peritoneal components. The mesentery is also described. Common causes of gastrointestinal obstruction by age are listed. The document then focuses specifically on the development and common abnormalities of the esophagus.
DEVELOPMENT OF GIT AND CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF GIT
GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT DEVELOPMENT , CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS , ANOMALIES , GERD , NELSON , PEDIATRICS , NELSON
Stomas
The document discusses stomas, which are artificial openings in the colon or small intestine used to divert feces outside the abdomen. It describes two types of stomas - loop ileostomies, which are temporary and used to defunction a low rectal anastomosis, and end ileostomies, which can be permanent. It also discusses short bowel syndrome, defined as less than 200cm of residual small intestine in adults, and its causes and management through medical therapy including TPN, intestinal lengthening surgeries, and intestinal transplantation in severe cases.
Surgery Stomach & Duodenum Tg
The document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and common diseases of the stomach. It describes the stomach's layers, blood supply, innervation, and motor activity. It discusses acid secretion and the roles of parietal cells, gastrin, and histamine. Common benign diseases mentioned include peptic ulcer disease and gastric lymphoma. Gastric adenocarcinoma risk factors and staging are outlined. Post-gastrectomy syndromes such as dumping syndrome and afferent loop obstruction are also summarized.
Abdo wall defects
This document discusses anterior abdominal wall defects including exomphalos and gastroschisis. Exomphalos is a congenital abnormality where abdominal contents herniate into the umbilical cord through the umbilical ring and are covered by a membrane. Gastroschisis is a defect of the abdominal wall to the right of the umbilical cord without a covering membrane. The document outlines the epidemiology, presentation, associated diseases, investigations and management of both conditions. It also discusses complications and notes that prognosis has improved over time due to advances in care but significant morbidity can still occur.
Lower Gi
1. Imperforate anus is a birth defect where the rectum is not connected to the anus. It requires surgery to create an opening for stool passage.
2. Surgery for high or intermediate cases first creates a temporary colostomy. After months of growth, a more complex procedure connects the rectum to the new anus.
3. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disease that affects premature infants, causing parts of the intestine to die. It requires stopping feeds, antibiotics, and may necessitate surgery to remove dead sections of bowel.
SURGERY OF THE COLON
This document summarizes right and extended left hemiocolectomies. It describes the anatomy of the colon and indications for surgery. It outlines the pre-operative assessment and preparation, surgical techniques including mobilization, resection, and anasthomosis of the colon. Key steps are the mobilization of the right or left colon along specific planes while protecting surrounding structures like the ureter. Resection involves dividing the ileum, transverse colon, or other portions of the colon depending on the extent of disease. Reconstruction is typically via hand-sewn or stapled anasthomosis.
L1 git cong abnormalities
This document discusses congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It begins with an overview of the GI tract anatomy. It then lists and describes several common congenital abnormalities: atresia, fistulae, and duplications of the esophagus and intestines; diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, and gastroschisis; ectopic tissues; Meckel's diverticulum; pyloric stenosis; and Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon). For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features, and in some cases treatment.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses different types of intestinal atresia, which is a complete blockage in the intestine. It describes pyloric, duodenal, jejunoileal, and colonic atresia. Pyloric atresia involves an obstruction at the stomach-duodenum junction. Duodenal atresia occurs in 1 in 2,500 births and often involves other abnormalities. Jejunoileal atresia can be classified into different types depending on the location and severity of the blockage. Colonic atresia is rare and may involve dilation of the colon. Diagnosis is often made through prenatal ultrasound or abdominal x-ray. Treatment involves surgery to remove blockages and re
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of esophageal lesions.
This document discusses the radiological imaging features of various esophageal lesions and conditions. It provides over 40 images showing examples of esophageal rings, achalasia, diverticula, varices, hernias, infections, strictures, tumors, vascular anomalies and other esophageal pathologies. For each condition, it describes the typical radiographic findings and appearances seen on imaging studies like barium swallows.
Colostomy
A colostomy is a surgical procedure where a portion of the large intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to carry stool out of the body. It may be permanent or temporary and is often performed to treat disorders of the large intestine like cancer or injury. There are four main types of colostomies named after the portion of the large intestine where the stoma is located. Aftercare for a colostomy involves monitoring the surgical site, using a colostomy pouching system, and gradually resuming a regular diet while avoiding certain gassy or odorous foods.
volvulus by alam zeb amir
Volvulus refers to the abnormal twisting of a loop of bowel that occludes both the mesenteric vessels and bowel lumen. It presents with abdominal pain, distension, and lack of flatus or bowel movements. There are several types including midgut, cecal, and sigmoid volvulus. Causes include anatomical variations, muscular dystrophy, intestinal malrotation, abnormal contents, and chronic constipation. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans. Treatment options are sigmoidoscopic reduction, laparotomy to untwist or resect the bowel, with pre and post-operative care and management of complications.
Chapter 8 digestive
The document defines several medical terms related to the digestive system:
- Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera.
- Serum bilirubin is a liver test that measures bilirubin levels, which may indicate liver problems or gallbladder issues if elevated.
- Hernioplasty is a surgical hernia repair where mesh is often used to strengthen the abdominal wall.
- Anastomosis is a surgical connection between vessels, ducts, or bowel segments.
Diseases of git
This document provides an overview of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It discusses the normal anatomy, physiology, and various pathologies that can affect these organs. Some key points mentioned include congenital anomalies, infections, inflammatory conditions like gastritis and IBD, vascular issues, obstructions, and benign and malignant tumors.
imaging of gi system
This document provides an overview of imaging techniques for evaluating the gastrointestinal system, including plain abdominal x-rays, barium enema, and small bowel follow through. It describes the anatomy visualized, procedures for performing the exams, normal findings, and examples of common pathological findings. Key points covered include differences between single and double contrast barium enema, indications and contraindications for the exams, and examples of how various gastrointestinal diseases appear on imaging.
Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies
This document discusses various developmental anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. It classifies anomalies as structural due to embryological maldevelopment, functional due to in utero complications, or both. Examples of structural anomalies include esophageal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, and anorectal atresia. Functional anomalies include meconium plug syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease. The document provides detailed descriptions and diagnostic imaging findings for many common GI anomalies.
Fluoroscopic imaging anatomy and pathology of stomach and duodenum abdul final
FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM
This document outlines the anatomy of the stomach and duodenum as seen on barium imaging studies. It describes the normal appearance and divisions of the stomach. Common pathologies are discussed, including gastric cancers, lymphomas, ulcers and polyps. Early gastric cancers appear as polyps or shallow ulcers while advanced cancers cause thickening or narrowing. Lymphomas manifest as thickened folds, masses or ulcers. Polyps are categorized as hyperplastic, adenomatous or villous. H. pylori infection is a common cause of thickened gastric folds and erosions. The
Grossing of esophagus
1. The document describes the gross examination procedures for esophagectomy and gastrectomy specimens. Key steps include opening the specimens longitudinally, measuring length, circumference, and wall thickness, and examining the tumor appearance and relationship to anatomical structures.
2. Resection margins of 5 cm for adenocarcinoma and 10 cm for squamous cell carcinoma must be achieved. Common esophagectomy procedures include Ivor Lewis technique, thoracoabdominal esophagectomy, and transhiatal esophagectomy.
3. For stomach specimens, biopsies and polypectomy specimens are handled differently than resection specimens. Resection specimens require adequate fixation before further examination of margins, tumor characteristics, and lymph nodes.
Barium Meal study
A barium meal examination identifies the lower half of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using barium sulfate and imaging. It is used to investigate dyspepsia, weight changes, abdominal masses, gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected obstruction, and perforation site assessment. The patient must fast beforehand and not take antacids. Hyoscine is injected to relax the stomach while carbon dioxide is released after the patient drinks barium to distend the stomach. Images are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum from different positions to visualize the mucosal surfaces coated in barium. Abnormalities like filling defects are detected under fluoroscopy during compression views.
Radiological approach to gastric ulcer disease
This document discusses barium meal (contrast x-ray) studies and their uses in evaluating gastrointestinal conditions. It notes that barium meals are now largely replaced by endoscopy but are still used when endoscopy is incomplete, confusing, or to better visualize certain morphological changes. It then describes the normal radiographic appearance of the stomach and discusses findings for conditions like acute gastritis, peptic ulcers, ulcer complications, and bleeding sites identified on scintigraphy scans.
omphalocele and gastroschisis
This document discusses the embryology, diagnosis, and treatment of two congenital abdominal wall defects: gastroschisis and omphalocele.
Gastroschisis results from a failure of the lateral body folds to migrate, causing intestines to protrude through an abdominal wall defect to the right of the umbilicus. Prenatal ultrasound can diagnose it by 20 weeks. Treatment involves either primary closure or staged closure using a silo.
Omphalocele occurs when organs fail to return to the abdominal cavity during development, causing them to remain in the umbilical cord. It can involve liver and intestines protruding in a sac. Treatment options depend on size and may include immediate or staged
Pathology of the digestive system
This document discusses the anatomy and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It covers the structure and function of the digestive system, as well as common diseases that can affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Specific GI diseases mentioned include esophageal achalasia, peptic ulcers, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancers. The document provides an overview of evaluating and understanding diseases of the GI system.
Abdominal wall-defects
This document discusses various abdominal wall defects in infants. It describes omphalocele, where abdominal organs protrude into a sac through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. Gastroschisis is defined as a defect to the right of the umbilicus where intestines directly eviscerate. Incidence, pathophysiology, clinical findings, associated anomalies, and treatment approaches like primary closure or staged closure using a silo are reviewed for each condition. Other rare defects discussed include umbilical hernia, prune belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, pentalogy of Cantrell, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Key differences between omphalocele and gastroschis
Digestive System Procedures
The document discusses various endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy, hernioplasty, and gastric lavage. It provides details on how each procedure is performed, what conditions they are used to treat, and potential risks involved. Choledocholithotripsy is highlighted as a non-surgical alternative to cholecystectomy for treating gallstones using shock waves to shatter stones in the gallbladder.
Fwd: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
More Related Content
What's hot
Surgery Stomach & Duodenum Tg
The document provides information on the anatomy, physiology, and common diseases of the stomach. It describes the stomach's layers, blood supply, innervation, and motor activity. It discusses acid secretion and the roles of parietal cells, gastrin, and histamine. Common benign diseases mentioned include peptic ulcer disease and gastric lymphoma. Gastric adenocarcinoma risk factors and staging are outlined. Post-gastrectomy syndromes such as dumping syndrome and afferent loop obstruction are also summarized.
Abdo wall defects
This document discusses anterior abdominal wall defects including exomphalos and gastroschisis. Exomphalos is a congenital abnormality where abdominal contents herniate into the umbilical cord through the umbilical ring and are covered by a membrane. Gastroschisis is a defect of the abdominal wall to the right of the umbilical cord without a covering membrane. The document outlines the epidemiology, presentation, associated diseases, investigations and management of both conditions. It also discusses complications and notes that prognosis has improved over time due to advances in care but significant morbidity can still occur.
Lower Gi
1. Imperforate anus is a birth defect where the rectum is not connected to the anus. It requires surgery to create an opening for stool passage.
2. Surgery for high or intermediate cases first creates a temporary colostomy. After months of growth, a more complex procedure connects the rectum to the new anus.
3. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a disease that affects premature infants, causing parts of the intestine to die. It requires stopping feeds, antibiotics, and may necessitate surgery to remove dead sections of bowel.
SURGERY OF THE COLON
This document summarizes right and extended left hemiocolectomies. It describes the anatomy of the colon and indications for surgery. It outlines the pre-operative assessment and preparation, surgical techniques including mobilization, resection, and anasthomosis of the colon. Key steps are the mobilization of the right or left colon along specific planes while protecting surrounding structures like the ureter. Resection involves dividing the ileum, transverse colon, or other portions of the colon depending on the extent of disease. Reconstruction is typically via hand-sewn or stapled anasthomosis.
L1 git cong abnormalities
This document discusses congenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It begins with an overview of the GI tract anatomy. It then lists and describes several common congenital abnormalities: atresia, fistulae, and duplications of the esophagus and intestines; diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, and gastroschisis; ectopic tissues; Meckel's diverticulum; pyloric stenosis; and Hirschsprung's disease (congenital megacolon). For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, morphology, clinical features, and in some cases treatment.
Intestinal atresia
This document discusses different types of intestinal atresia, which is a complete blockage in the intestine. It describes pyloric, duodenal, jejunoileal, and colonic atresia. Pyloric atresia involves an obstruction at the stomach-duodenum junction. Duodenal atresia occurs in 1 in 2,500 births and often involves other abnormalities. Jejunoileal atresia can be classified into different types depending on the location and severity of the blockage. Colonic atresia is rare and may involve dilation of the colon. Diagnosis is often made through prenatal ultrasound or abdominal x-ray. Treatment involves surgery to remove blockages and re
Presentation1.pptx, radiological imaging of esophageal lesions.
This document discusses the radiological imaging features of various esophageal lesions and conditions. It provides over 40 images showing examples of esophageal rings, achalasia, diverticula, varices, hernias, infections, strictures, tumors, vascular anomalies and other esophageal pathologies. For each condition, it describes the typical radiographic findings and appearances seen on imaging studies like barium swallows.
Colostomy
A colostomy is a surgical procedure where a portion of the large intestine is brought through the abdominal wall to carry stool out of the body. It may be permanent or temporary and is often performed to treat disorders of the large intestine like cancer or injury. There are four main types of colostomies named after the portion of the large intestine where the stoma is located. Aftercare for a colostomy involves monitoring the surgical site, using a colostomy pouching system, and gradually resuming a regular diet while avoiding certain gassy or odorous foods.
volvulus by alam zeb amir
Volvulus refers to the abnormal twisting of a loop of bowel that occludes both the mesenteric vessels and bowel lumen. It presents with abdominal pain, distension, and lack of flatus or bowel movements. There are several types including midgut, cecal, and sigmoid volvulus. Causes include anatomical variations, muscular dystrophy, intestinal malrotation, abnormal contents, and chronic constipation. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, ultrasound, and CT scans. Treatment options are sigmoidoscopic reduction, laparotomy to untwist or resect the bowel, with pre and post-operative care and management of complications.
Chapter 8 digestive
The document defines several medical terms related to the digestive system:
- Colonoscopy is a procedure to examine the inside of the colon using a flexible tube with a camera.
- Serum bilirubin is a liver test that measures bilirubin levels, which may indicate liver problems or gallbladder issues if elevated.
- Hernioplasty is a surgical hernia repair where mesh is often used to strengthen the abdominal wall.
- Anastomosis is a surgical connection between vessels, ducts, or bowel segments.
Diseases of git
This document provides an overview of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. It discusses the normal anatomy, physiology, and various pathologies that can affect these organs. Some key points mentioned include congenital anomalies, infections, inflammatory conditions like gastritis and IBD, vascular issues, obstructions, and benign and malignant tumors.
imaging of gi system
This document provides an overview of imaging techniques for evaluating the gastrointestinal system, including plain abdominal x-rays, barium enema, and small bowel follow through. It describes the anatomy visualized, procedures for performing the exams, normal findings, and examples of common pathological findings. Key points covered include differences between single and double contrast barium enema, indications and contraindications for the exams, and examples of how various gastrointestinal diseases appear on imaging.
Congenital gastrointestinal anomalies
This document discusses various developmental anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. It classifies anomalies as structural due to embryological maldevelopment, functional due to in utero complications, or both. Examples of structural anomalies include esophageal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula, pyloric stenosis, and anorectal atresia. Functional anomalies include meconium plug syndrome and Hirschsprung's disease. The document provides detailed descriptions and diagnostic imaging findings for many common GI anomalies.
Fluoroscopic imaging anatomy and pathology of stomach and duodenum abdul final
FLUOROSCOPIC IMAGING ANATOMY AND PATHOLOGY OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM
This document outlines the anatomy of the stomach and duodenum as seen on barium imaging studies. It describes the normal appearance and divisions of the stomach. Common pathologies are discussed, including gastric cancers, lymphomas, ulcers and polyps. Early gastric cancers appear as polyps or shallow ulcers while advanced cancers cause thickening or narrowing. Lymphomas manifest as thickened folds, masses or ulcers. Polyps are categorized as hyperplastic, adenomatous or villous. H. pylori infection is a common cause of thickened gastric folds and erosions. The
Grossing of esophagus
1. The document describes the gross examination procedures for esophagectomy and gastrectomy specimens. Key steps include opening the specimens longitudinally, measuring length, circumference, and wall thickness, and examining the tumor appearance and relationship to anatomical structures.
2. Resection margins of 5 cm for adenocarcinoma and 10 cm for squamous cell carcinoma must be achieved. Common esophagectomy procedures include Ivor Lewis technique, thoracoabdominal esophagectomy, and transhiatal esophagectomy.
3. For stomach specimens, biopsies and polypectomy specimens are handled differently than resection specimens. Resection specimens require adequate fixation before further examination of margins, tumor characteristics, and lymph nodes.
Barium Meal study
A barium meal examination identifies the lower half of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using barium sulfate and imaging. It is used to investigate dyspepsia, weight changes, abdominal masses, gastrointestinal bleeding, suspected obstruction, and perforation site assessment. The patient must fast beforehand and not take antacids. Hyoscine is injected to relax the stomach while carbon dioxide is released after the patient drinks barium to distend the stomach. Images are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum from different positions to visualize the mucosal surfaces coated in barium. Abnormalities like filling defects are detected under fluoroscopy during compression views.
Radiological approach to gastric ulcer disease
This document discusses barium meal (contrast x-ray) studies and their uses in evaluating gastrointestinal conditions. It notes that barium meals are now largely replaced by endoscopy but are still used when endoscopy is incomplete, confusing, or to better visualize certain morphological changes. It then describes the normal radiographic appearance of the stomach and discusses findings for conditions like acute gastritis, peptic ulcers, ulcer complications, and bleeding sites identified on scintigraphy scans.
omphalocele and gastroschisis
This document discusses the embryology, diagnosis, and treatment of two congenital abdominal wall defects: gastroschisis and omphalocele.
Gastroschisis results from a failure of the lateral body folds to migrate, causing intestines to protrude through an abdominal wall defect to the right of the umbilicus. Prenatal ultrasound can diagnose it by 20 weeks. Treatment involves either primary closure or staged closure using a silo.
Omphalocele occurs when organs fail to return to the abdominal cavity during development, causing them to remain in the umbilical cord. It can involve liver and intestines protruding in a sac. Treatment options depend on size and may include immediate or staged
Pathology of the digestive system
This document discusses the anatomy and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It covers the structure and function of the digestive system, as well as common diseases that can affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and colon. Specific GI diseases mentioned include esophageal achalasia, peptic ulcers, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancers. The document provides an overview of evaluating and understanding diseases of the GI system.
Abdominal wall-defects
This document discusses various abdominal wall defects in infants. It describes omphalocele, where abdominal organs protrude into a sac through a defect in the abdominal wall near the umbilicus. Gastroschisis is defined as a defect to the right of the umbilicus where intestines directly eviscerate. Incidence, pathophysiology, clinical findings, associated anomalies, and treatment approaches like primary closure or staged closure using a silo are reviewed for each condition. Other rare defects discussed include umbilical hernia, prune belly syndrome, bladder exstrophy, pentalogy of Cantrell, and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Key differences between omphalocele and gastroschis
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Similar to Module 2 Anatomy & Diseases
Digestive System Procedures
The document discusses various endoscopic procedures including colonoscopy, hernioplasty, and gastric lavage. It provides details on how each procedure is performed, what conditions they are used to treat, and potential risks involved. Choledocholithotripsy is highlighted as a non-surgical alternative to cholecystectomy for treating gallstones using shock waves to shatter stones in the gallbladder.
Fwd: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: UCD Graduate '09 None <ucdgrad09@gmail.com>
Date: 2009/2/12
Subject: Bambury tutorial Upper GI Surgery
To: ucdgrad09@gmail.com
She does not know that we have this so please don't print it and bring it to
the lecture
INTESTINE OBSTRUCTION.pptx
Intestinal obstruction is the mechanical impairment which is partial or complete blockage of the bowel that results in the failure of the passage of intestinal content through the intestine.
Intestinal obstruction
Intestinal obstruction occurs when the bowel is partially or completely blocked, preventing contents from passing through. Mechanical obstructions are the most common cause and involve physical blockages from sources like adhesions, tumors, or hernias. Symptoms include abdominal pain, swelling, and inability to pass gas or stool. Diagnosis involves medical history, physical exam, imaging tests, and endoscopy. Treatment depends on the severity and cause but may include IV fluids, nasogastric tubes, surgery to remove the obstruction, or stents to open the blocked area. Complications can arise if an obstruction is not treated.
Gastrointestinal surgery
The document discusses several common gastrointestinal procedures and conditions:
1) Gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, delayed gastric emptying, gastric cancer, enterocutaneous fistulas, and acute abdominal pain are among the most common reasons for gastrointestinal procedures.
2) Acute appendicitis requires surgical removal of the inflamed appendix, either through laparoscopy or laparotomy.
3) Gastric bypass surgery reduces the size of the stomach and reroutes part of the small intestine to help with weight loss. Risks include infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia.
Complications of acute panctratitis
Local complications of pancreatitis include pancreatic pseudocysts and pancreatic necrosis. Pancreatic pseudocysts are localized fluid collections that develop 4 weeks after pancreatitis. They are typically treated with endoscopic or surgical drainage if symptomatic. Necrosis involves tissue death and requires drainage and possibly necrosectomy. Complications are managed based on their type, location, and severity with options including endoscopic, percutaneous, or surgical interventions. Close monitoring is needed as complications can include fistulas, vascular issues, or bowel obstructions.
MRCS preparation eMrcs questions surgery
A 53-year-old man is readmitted 10 days after reversal of a loop colostomy with vomiting and abdominal pain. Examination shows a tender swelling at the colostomy site. The most likely diagnosis is an obstructed incisional hernia, as the symptoms and findings point to obstruction and loop colostomy reversals carry a high risk of hernia development due to increased risk of postoperative infection.
small intestine diseases 2
The patient presented with symptoms of intestinal obstruction including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and abdominal distension. Physical exam revealed abdominal tenderness and laboratory tests showed signs of dehydration and inflammation. Radiographic imaging confirmed multiple dilated loops of small bowel consistent with mechanical intestinal obstruction. The obstruction was determined to be complete based on symptoms. The patient's history of previous appendectomy suggested the underlying cause was likely adhesive obstruction. Treatment involved fluid resuscitation, gastrointestinal decompression and antibiotics, with potential for surgical lysis of adhesions if symptoms did not improve.
Gastrostomy feeding (temporary)
Gastrostomy feeding is indicated for obstruction of the esophagus, as a palliative procedure for nonresectable lesions, or following major abdominal surgery to aid nutrition. The Stamm procedure is commonly used as a temporary gastrostomy, involving purse string sutures placed around a stab incision in the stomach wall, through which a Foley catheter is inserted and secured to prevent leakage. This provides feeding access into the stomach for as long as needed.
Gastrostomy
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to the skin. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and attached to form a mucosal lined tube to prevent regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach heals and functions return to normal.
Gastrostomy
Gastrostomy is commonly used as a temporary procedure to avoid discomfort from prolonged nasogastric suction after major abdominal surgery. It can also be used permanently when the esophagus is obstructed to nonresectable cancer. The Stamm gastrostomy is most common temporary procedure where a catheter is placed through the stomach wall and anchored to prevent leakage. The Janeway gastrostomy is a permanent alternative where a flap of stomach is brought through the abdominal wall and lined with mucosa to form a permanent opening, preventing regurgitation. Postoperative care involves gradual advancement to oral intake as the stomach and bowel recover function.
upper git surgery .pdf
This document summarizes upper gastrointestinal surgeries including their objectives, medical conditions treated, surgical procedures performed, and postoperative physiotherapy management. It discusses various endoscopic procedures like endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and capsule endoscopy. It also describes laparoscopic and open surgeries of the upper GI tract including gastrectomy, esophagectomy, pancreaticoduodenectomy, hepatectomy, and biliary surgery. Finally, it outlines the preoperative, operative, and postoperative physiotherapy management for patients undergoing upper GI surgeries.
Rectal prolapse surgical approaches
This document provides information about rectal prolapse including its anatomy, causes, clinical presentation, and surgical treatment options. It begins with a description of the rectal anatomy including its blood supply, lymphatic drainage, and curves. It then discusses the causes and types of rectal prolapse and explains how factors like pelvic floor weakness can lead to its development. Common signs and symptoms are outlined. Both perineal and abdominal surgical approaches are described in detail including the Thiersch, Delorme, Altemeier, and Wells procedures. Postoperative care is also reviewed. The document provides a comprehensive overview of rectal prolapse.
Volvulus of colon
The document discusses volvulus of the colon, specifically sigmoid volvulus and cecal volvulus. It defines volvulus as the twisting of the bowel around its mesenteric axis, which can lead to obstruction and impaired blood supply. Sigmoid volvulus most commonly affects older individuals and can be managed through endoscopic detorsion or resection of the sigmoid colon. Cecal volvulus presents with intermittent or acute obstruction and is typically treated with right colectomy to prevent recurrence. Transverse colon volvulus has a higher mortality rate and requires surgical intervention.
Esophagectomy
These slides are consist of indications, types, steps, contraindication and complications of esophagectomy.
Gastrointestinal surgery
Gastrointestinal surgery procedures involve cutting and suturing of the abdominal cavity tissues including the digestive tract, attached glands, fascia, peritoneum, muscle and skin. Common issues addressed include gastrointestinal bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, delayed gastric emptying, gastric cancer and acute appendicitis. Surgical techniques such as vagotomy, antrectomy, gastrectomy and appendectomy are used to treat these conditions. Post-operative care and dietary changes are important for recovery.
Incidental appendectomy
Incidental appendectomy is the removal of the appendix during another operation when there is no evidence of appendicitis. It may be performed during operations for malrotation to prevent future diagnostic confusion, as well as during hernia repairs and gynecologic or trauma surgeries. While it prevents future appendicitis, it increases operative time and risk of contamination. The appendix can also be useful for urologic reconstruction like ureteral repairs or the Mitrofanoff procedure to create a continent urinary stoma. It is also used in some cases of biliary reconstruction or for a Malone antegrade continence enema procedure to allow bowel evacuation through an abdominal stoma. The decision to remove the appendix
Digestive system CPT CODING-2017
The document provides an overview of the human digestive system and digestive surgery procedures. It describes the main parts of the digestive tract from mouth to anus. It explains the functions of the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Accessory organs that help digestion like the liver, pancreas and salivary glands are also discussed. The various phases of digestion and types of digestive enzymes are summarized. Finally, the document outlines different surgical procedures performed on parts of the digestive system, including the lips, tongue, esophagus, stomach, intestines and anus. It provides code ranges for different surgery types.
Intestinal obstruction
Disease Condition Intestinal Obstruction,Causes, Sign and Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Types, Assessment and Dignostic Test, Management Gastrointestinal System By HIREN GEHLOTH For Nursing Students Medical Surgical Nursing
EAT HEALTHY STAY HEALTHY
surgical nutrition ppt 19.pptx
Cancer surgery is used to treat many types of cancer and involves removing tumors and nearby tissue. The document discusses several types of cancer surgeries including staging surgery, tumor removal, debulking, reconstructive surgery, and prevention surgery. It also describes differences in surgical techniques such as open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, laser surgery, cryosurgery, and Mohs surgery. Specific types of cancer surgeries discussed include esophageal cancer surgery, pancreatic cancer surgery, liver cancer surgery, and bile duct cancer surgery. Palliative surgeries are also described which are performed to relieve symptoms but not cure the cancer.
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Module 2 Anatomy & Diseases
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