The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method developed in Madagascar for resource-poor smallholder farmers. SRI differs from modern, commercial rice farming which relies on mechanization, external inputs and capital. SRI uses fewer seeds, young seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and less flooding. It can lead to substantial savings in seeds, water and chemicals while increasing yields. However, SRI requires new farming skills and the timing of operations is delicate. While it has potential benefits, SRI also has some risks and constraints that require flexible dissemination and farmer experimentation. The principles of SRI could also be relevant for other crops and environment-friendly agricultural practices.