The suitability of the data model to perform 3D spatial analysis is discussed on the basis of the 9-intersection concept, which was introduced by Egenhofer and Herring 1992.
Crest lines convey the inherent features of the shape. Mathematically Crest lines are described via extremes of the surface principal curvatures along their corresponding lines of curvature. In this study we used an automatic threshold estimation technique to estimate crest lines. We firstly computed the principal curvature and corresponding direction for each vertex in the mesh; then we computed the saliency value by a linear combination of the maximal absolute curvature and the absolute curvature difference; finally, we automatically determine the threshold to detect the crest lines according to the saliency value. For illustrative purpose, we demonstrated our method with several examples.
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY USING ACCELERATION RECORD OF E...sipij
The use of Holter Electrocardiograph (Holter ECG) is rapidly spreading. It is a wearableelectrocardiograph that records 24-hour electrocardiograms in a built-in flash memory, making it possibleto detect atrial fibrillation (Atrial Fibrillation, AF) through all-day activities. It is also useful for screeningfor diseases other than atrial fibrillation and for improving health. It is said that more useful informationcan be obtained by combining electrocardiograph with the analysis of physical activity. For that purpose,the Holter electrocardiograph is equipped with heart rate sensor and acceleration sensors. If accelerationdata is analysed, we can estimate activities in daily life, such as getting up, eating, walking, usingtransportation, and sitting. In combination with such activity status, electrocardiographic data can be expected to be more useful.
ESTIMATING THE CREST LINES ON POLYGONAL MESH MODELS BY AN AUTOMATIC THRESHOLDijcsit
Crest lines convey the inherent features of the shape. Mathematically Crest lines are described via extremes of the surface principal curvatures along their corresponding lines of curvature. In this study we used an automatic threshold estimation technique to estimate crest lines. We firstly computed the principal curvature and corresponding direction for each vertex in the mesh; then we computed the saliency value by a linear combination of the maximal absolute curvature and the absolute curvature difference; finally, we automatically determine the threshold to detect the crest lines according to the saliency value. For illustrative purpose, we demonstrated our method with several examples.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SMOOTHING ON 3D STRUCTURED ADAPTIVE MESH OF THE KINECT-BA...csandit
3-dimensional object modelling of real world objects in steady state by means of multiple point
cloud (pcl) depth scans taken by using sensing camera and application of smoothing algorithm
are suggested in this study. Polygon structure, which is constituted by coordinates of point
cloud (x,y,z) corresponding to the position of 3D model in space and obtained by nodal points
and connection of these points by means of triangulation, is utilized for the demonstration of 3D
models. Gaussian smoothing and developed methods are applied to the mesh consisting of
merge of these polygons, and a new mesh simplification and augmentation algorithm are
suggested for the over the 3D modelling. Mesh consisting of merge of polygons can be
demonstrated in a more packed, smooth and fluent way. In this study is shown that applied the
triangulation and smoothing method for 3D modelling, perform to a fast and robust mesh
structures compared to existing methods therewithal no remeshing is necessary for refinement
and reduction.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SMOOTHING ON 3D STRUCTURED ADAPTIVE MESH OF THE KINECT-BA...cscpconf
3-dimensional object modelling of real world objects in steady state by means of multiple point cloud (pcl) depth scans taken by using sensing camera and application of smoothing algorithm
are suggested in this study. Polygon structure, which is constituted by coordinates of point cloud (x,y,z) corresponding to the position of 3D model in space and obtained by nodal points and connection of these points by means of triangulation, is utilized for the demonstration of 3D models. Gaussian smoothing and developed methods are applied to the mesh consisting of merge of these polygons, and a new mesh simplification and augmentation algorithm are suggested for the over the 3D modelling. Mesh consisting of merge of polygons can be demonstrated in a more packed, smooth and fluent way. In this study is shown that applied the triangulation and smoothing method for 3D modelling, perform to a fast and robust mesh structures compared to existing methods therewithal no remeshing is necessary for refinement and reduction.
Crest lines convey the inherent features of the shape. Mathematically Crest lines are described via extremes of the surface principal curvatures along their corresponding lines of curvature. In this study we used an automatic threshold estimation technique to estimate crest lines. We firstly computed the principal curvature and corresponding direction for each vertex in the mesh; then we computed the saliency value by a linear combination of the maximal absolute curvature and the absolute curvature difference; finally, we automatically determine the threshold to detect the crest lines according to the saliency value. For illustrative purpose, we demonstrated our method with several examples.
IMPROVEMENTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN ACTIVITY USING ACCELERATION RECORD OF E...sipij
The use of Holter Electrocardiograph (Holter ECG) is rapidly spreading. It is a wearableelectrocardiograph that records 24-hour electrocardiograms in a built-in flash memory, making it possibleto detect atrial fibrillation (Atrial Fibrillation, AF) through all-day activities. It is also useful for screeningfor diseases other than atrial fibrillation and for improving health. It is said that more useful informationcan be obtained by combining electrocardiograph with the analysis of physical activity. For that purpose,the Holter electrocardiograph is equipped with heart rate sensor and acceleration sensors. If accelerationdata is analysed, we can estimate activities in daily life, such as getting up, eating, walking, usingtransportation, and sitting. In combination with such activity status, electrocardiographic data can be expected to be more useful.
ESTIMATING THE CREST LINES ON POLYGONAL MESH MODELS BY AN AUTOMATIC THRESHOLDijcsit
Crest lines convey the inherent features of the shape. Mathematically Crest lines are described via extremes of the surface principal curvatures along their corresponding lines of curvature. In this study we used an automatic threshold estimation technique to estimate crest lines. We firstly computed the principal curvature and corresponding direction for each vertex in the mesh; then we computed the saliency value by a linear combination of the maximal absolute curvature and the absolute curvature difference; finally, we automatically determine the threshold to detect the crest lines according to the saliency value. For illustrative purpose, we demonstrated our method with several examples.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SMOOTHING ON 3D STRUCTURED ADAPTIVE MESH OF THE KINECT-BA...csandit
3-dimensional object modelling of real world objects in steady state by means of multiple point
cloud (pcl) depth scans taken by using sensing camera and application of smoothing algorithm
are suggested in this study. Polygon structure, which is constituted by coordinates of point
cloud (x,y,z) corresponding to the position of 3D model in space and obtained by nodal points
and connection of these points by means of triangulation, is utilized for the demonstration of 3D
models. Gaussian smoothing and developed methods are applied to the mesh consisting of
merge of these polygons, and a new mesh simplification and augmentation algorithm are
suggested for the over the 3D modelling. Mesh consisting of merge of polygons can be
demonstrated in a more packed, smooth and fluent way. In this study is shown that applied the
triangulation and smoothing method for 3D modelling, perform to a fast and robust mesh
structures compared to existing methods therewithal no remeshing is necessary for refinement
and reduction.
A NOVEL APPROACH TO SMOOTHING ON 3D STRUCTURED ADAPTIVE MESH OF THE KINECT-BA...cscpconf
3-dimensional object modelling of real world objects in steady state by means of multiple point cloud (pcl) depth scans taken by using sensing camera and application of smoothing algorithm
are suggested in this study. Polygon structure, which is constituted by coordinates of point cloud (x,y,z) corresponding to the position of 3D model in space and obtained by nodal points and connection of these points by means of triangulation, is utilized for the demonstration of 3D models. Gaussian smoothing and developed methods are applied to the mesh consisting of merge of these polygons, and a new mesh simplification and augmentation algorithm are suggested for the over the 3D modelling. Mesh consisting of merge of polygons can be demonstrated in a more packed, smooth and fluent way. In this study is shown that applied the triangulation and smoothing method for 3D modelling, perform to a fast and robust mesh structures compared to existing methods therewithal no remeshing is necessary for refinement and reduction.
Microbial Biotransformation of Pesticides(xenobiotics).pptxAliya Fathima Ilyas
* Biotransformation is the chemical modification made by an organism on a chemical compound, often associated with change in pharmacologic and toxicologic activity.
* Caryophyllaceae is also known as pink family. Members of this family are well known for ornamental purposes.
* This family is well represented in the British Flora and many species are cultivated as ornamental garden flowers.
* The members of this family are commonly found in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.
*Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
Pteridophytes are part of a large group of plants known as tracheophytes.
Tracheophytes are plants that have a vascular system that allows water and nutrients to move throughout the plant.
* The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Palaeozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
* It was Robert Brown (1827) who first recognised gymnosperms as a separate entity among plant kingdom.
* The members of this family are mainly distributed in the tropical parts of the world. The plants occur mostly in dry regions.
* Several shrubby species of Capparis occur in the Mediterranean region.
* Reference - Taxonomy of Angiosperms - Dr. B. P. Pandey
* Water hyacinth is scientifically known as Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and the common name is Lilac devil. Water hyacinth or water hyacinth is an herbaceous weed, succulent stem and has a flow (stolon) spanning the water surface.
* Water hyacinth is considered invasive throughout the world because it grows rapidly and can form thick mat over the water. These mats shade out the other aquatic plants. Eventually these shaded plants die and decay. Decaying process depletes the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water. Often waters below the water hyacinth masses become devoid of life.
• Transcription machinery interacts with the template strand to produce an mRNA whose sequence resembles the coding strand.
• Life on earth is said to have begun from self-replicating RNA since it is the only class of molecules capable of both catalysis and carrying genetic information.
• Transcription maintains the link between these two molecules and allows cells to use a stable nucleic acid as the genetic material while retaining most of their protein synthesis machinery.
• The scanning tunneling Microscope is an electron microscope that transmits three - dimensional images of the electron cloud around the nucleus.
• The scanning tunneling Microscope (STM) works by scanning a very sharp metal wire tip over a surface. By bringing the tip very close to the surface, and by applying an electrical voltage to the tip or sample, we can image the surface at an extremely small scale - down to resolving individual atoms.
Water stress & physiological consequences in plant growth.pdfAliya Fathima Ilyas
• Plants experience water stress either when the water supply to their roots becomes limiting or when the transpiration rate becomes intense.
• Water stress may range from moderate, and of short duration, to extremely severe and prolonged summer drought that has strongly influenced evolution and plant life.
• The physiological responses of plants to water stress and their relative importance for crop productivity vary with species, soil type, nutrients and climate.
• Spatial data is of crucial importance to the Military Commander in the battle as it is for a decision maker in planning and development in a state’s growth.
• Ministry of Defence in any country gathers data on routing, filtering, analysing and presenting information for decision-making.
• The genetic code is the set of rules by which information encoded in genetic material (DNA or RNA sequences) is translated into proteins (amino acid sequences) by living cells.
• The genetic code, once thought to be identical in all forms of life, has been found to diverge slightly in certain organisms and in the mitochondria of some eukaryotes.
• Nevertheless, these differences are rare, and the genetic code is identical in almost all species, with the same codons specifying the same amino acids.
• The membrane enclosing a cell is called cell membrane or plasma membrane (animal cells) and plasma lemma (plant cells).
• It contains proteins and lipids in the ratio of 80 : 20 in bacteria on one extreme and on the other extreme 20 : 80 in some nerve cells.
• The over all composition of most of the cell membranes is 40-50% protein and 50-60% lipids; both the components vary in their composition.
• Neo – Darwinians thought that adaptations result from multiple forces and natural selections is only one of these many forces.
• This lead to the formulation of the ‘Germplasm theory’ which states that ‘any change to the somatoplam will not have an influence over the germplasm’.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
2. INTRODUCTION The model supports the four geometric abstractions of
spatial objects, i.e. point, line, surface and body.
The representation based on two constructive elements
- nodes and faces is sufficient for the derivation of a
large number of 3D topological relationships.
The suitability of the data model to perform 3D spatial
analysis is discussed on the basis of the 9-intersection
concept, which was introduced by Egenhofer and
Herring 1992.
The Graphics User Interface (GUI) of our prototype
system is demonstrated by a number of examples of
remote query and visualization of 3D spatial and non-
spatial information on Web.
2
3. THE CONCEPTUAL MODEL
• The core issue of conceptual 3D modelling is representing
the geometry.
• The model presented here, named Simplified Spatial Model
(SSM), follows the object paradigm and is strictly defined
using set theory.
• SSM distinguishes four geometric objects - point, line,
surface, body and two constructive objects - face and node.
• The constructive objects are the smallest elements used for
building the geometric objects.
• Nodes describe points and lines, and faces describe bodies
and surfaces.
• Nodes are connected with straight lines.
• The geometric objects are embedded in the space, i.e. a
complete subdivision of the space is not required.
3
4. 4
• Curved surfaces can be represented by a set of planar convex faces.
• Each object (constructive or geometric) has a unique identifier, which is used for reference in the description.
• The multi-theme concept is adopted, i.e. nodes and faces can participate in the construction of many
geometric objects.
• Nodes are represented in the space by their 3D co-ordinates.
• Faces can have a polygonal boundary but must be convex and planar.
• Radiometric properties provide information about the visual appearance of the objects, e.g. colour, surface
structure, reflectance and thus they are important for 3D visualization.
• Introducing the behaviour of objects aims at describing dynamics of objects and hence is related to the
interaction with the virtual 3D scene.
• Examples of behaviour : a window can be open, a fountain can splash water.
• The conceptual data model is translated to a logical one, further elaborating on the geometric description,
radiometric properties and behaviour.
5. THE LOGICAL MODEL
• To describe fully a spatial object we consider
attributes (A), relationships (R), behaviour
(B) and scenario (S), sticking to the
traditional differentiation of the
representation into a geometric (G) and a
thematic domain (T).
• Scenario refers to the time related changes
of the objects.
• Attributes denote semantic properties as
well as geometric and radiometric
properties.
• Associating the geometric domain with all
characteristics of a spatial object that relate
to its appearance.
• We call the size and shape of a spatial
object, its position and orientation and its
radiometric parameters the geometric
appearance. 5
6. 6
• GA is composed of two groups of properties – the elements for the digital description of geometry (GDsc) and those
for visualising the geometry ( called as geometric attributes GAtt).
• GDsc refers to position, shape & size, GAtt to the radiometric parameters. Geometric description is achieved by
geometric objects (GO) and constructive objects (CO).
• The two explicit relationships ( node - in - body & face - In - body) are organized under GR.
• The GAtts serving visualization must be different for different geometric abstractions. Bodies and surfaces can do
with two parameters - Colour and texture.
• For lines and points texture is not useful, instead shape and size are needed.
• Shape and size of 0- dimensional and 1- dimensional objects are introduced to enable the rendering of these objects
as 3D objects.
• To present the types of objects and the relationships among them in schema, we can use IFO modelling technique.
• The simplified spatial schema (SSS) can be converted directly to a relational data model.
7. • The spatial relations are clarified by investigating the intersections between
the interior, exterior and boundary of two candidate objects.
• Not all the relations are possible, the possible relations between geometric
objects in the 3D space should be singled out.
• The number of possible relations between simple objects was proven to be
69.
• In the study of 3D topology, consider the relationships between body and
body, surface and line in the 3D space, surface and surface, body and line &
body and surface.
• Since the nodes and faces are sets, the test for belonging to face can be
converted to the operation intersection.
7
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP
8. 8
• In reality, two more categories of queries are possible, which are less simple.
• The first one requires recognition of the relation between two objects.
• This is to say that the dimension of the objects is known but the type of the relation is unknown.
• The second category of queries refers to the identification of a relation regardless of the dimension of
objects.
• The query is relevant for a consistency check in the object reconstruction phase.
• Although such queries will require more complex operations, they are still supported by SSM.
9. • Testing the suitability of SSS for visualization and interaction can
most convincingly be done by having built a prototype.
• The developed system is server-oriented, using CGI scripting and
VRML and HTML documents created on the fly.
• The VRML documents serve a twofold goal:
1) Delivers the 3D graphics information obtained as a result of
spatial query
2) Provides means to query graphically the objects observed in
the 3D scene.
• Web and VR browsers on the client stations are utilized to interact
with the 3D models and specify queries.
• The data structured according to SSS are maintained in a RDBMS
on the server.
VISUALISATION ONTHEWEB
10. 10
• The multiple-choice forms offer a very simple access to
information about certain objects.
• The only disadvantage of the menus is the limited choice inherent
in its pre-design.
• The user visually decides which object to query inside the VRML
document by clicking on its graphic representation.
• The one-line SQL form enables the user with extended
possibilities for querying.
• The SQL statement is specified in an HTML fill-out form. The
result of the query is displayed either in an HTML or in a VRML
document.
• The SQL statement has to ensure sufficient data for VRML
creation and efficient ordering of faces.
• The left part is reserved for typing SELECT statements and right
part is used to display either HTML or VRML documents.
• The extracted data are first visualized as text and then as 3D
scene on user request.
Multiple- choice
menus
One-line SQL
quires
11. 11
• The free access to the database provides a mechanism
to specify and display a wide range of spatial queries.
• Complex queries require the design of special forms. For
example, the queries “check for common faces”, “find
common nodes” can be organized by typing the ID of the
objects to be compared.
• Theoretically, this query requires complex 3D
intersection algorithms between the line of vision and the
faces forming the objects in the range of the line.
GUI to specify complex
queries
GUI for modification of data
12. DATA COLLECTION
• Focusing on 3D geometry, we can collect
data from aerial photographs and structure
them according to SSS and also convert
data from several CAD formats.
• We use a visual/manual procedures for
object recognition in images and feature
extraction and automated “object
reconstruction”.
• Photo texture extraction can more easily be
automated.
12
13. 13
Semi-automatic 3D object reconstruction
• Buildings are associated with bodies, lamp posts with lines, streets
and parking lots with surfaces, manholes with points, etc.
• The assumptions that the buildings have only vertical walls, without
windows and doors and non-over-hanging roof facets are basic for the
procedure.
• The main steps in the procedure are data acquisition, 3D object-
reconstruction, superimposition, database updating and visualization.
• Data acquisition refers to creating DTM and manual digitizing of
skeletal roof points using SocetSet and Microstation.
• The automatic reconstruction procedure distinguishes between points,
lines, surfaces and bodies.
• The reconstruction can be validated in two ways:
1) The wire frame superimposed on the stereo model verifies the
measurements.
2) The shaded model visualized by a VR browser verifies the
orientation of the faces.
ITC building: texture
mapping
Enschede: texture
draping
14. 14
Photo texture extraction
• Maintenance of two mechanisms for texturing are considered in our model, i.e. texture mapping and
texture draping.
• Texture mapping, which requires correspondence between image and object co-ordinates, provides the
precise mapping of images onto the "geometry".
• Texture draping is less precise and therefore applicable only for objects that are observed from a large
distance, e.g. terrain surface.
• For texture mapping, we distinguish three possible relations between a surface and an image file.
• First, a surface is mapped with image parts that belong to one image.
• Second, a surface is mapped with parts of originally separate photo images but united in one image file.
• Since SSS does not maintain additional parameters for this type of texturing.
• The image has to be pre-processed to meet the default values of VRML and then stored in the database.
15. USES OF 3D GIS
City Planning
Building Information Modelling
Coastal Modelling and Analysis
Disaster Response
15