This document provides information about modal verbs in English. It discusses what modal verbs are, some of their key characteristics like never changing form and being followed by an infinitive without "to". It gives examples of common modal verbs like must, have to, don't have to. It covers using modal verbs to express obligation, permission and prohibition. It provides exercises to practice using modal verbs correctly in sentences.

1. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
INGLÉS
SEMANA N° 16
MODAL VERBS 1 (Modales 1)
Example (Ejemplo)
What is a modal? (¿Qué es un modal?)
Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:
 They never change their form. You can't add "s", "ed", "ing"...
(Nunca cambian de forma. No se puede agregar "s", "ed", "ing"...)
 They are always followed by an infinitive without "to".
(Siempre son seguidos por un infinitivo sin "to".)
 They are used to indicate modality allow speakers to express certainty, possibility, willingness,
obligation, necessity, ability.
E.g.: Ej:
 I must go to bed earlier.
 They must do something about it.
 You must come and see us some time.
 I must say, I don’t think you were very nice to him.
Form:
TEMA: MODAL VERBS 1: HAVE TO, DON'T HAVE TO, MUST, MUST NOT.
VOCABULARIO: CONFUSING VERBS
SUNDAY
I have to get up early on Sundays. I work
at the supermarket.(Tengo que
levantarme temprano los domingos.
Trabajo en el supermercado.)
I don’t have to get up early. It’s my free
time. (Yo no tengo que levantarme
temprano. Es mi día libre.
Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are
special verbs which behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal
verbs like "work, play, visit..." They give additional information about the function of
the main verb that follows it. They have a great variety of communicative functions.
(Los modales (también llamados verbos modales, verbos auxiliares modales, auxiliares
modales) son verbos especiales que se comportan de forma irregular en Inglés. Son
diferentes de los verbos normales como "trabajar, jugar, visitar ..." Dan información adicional
acerca de la función del verbo principal que le sigue. Tienen una gran variedad de funciones
comunicativas)

2. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE
Pronoun + modal + verb + complement Pronoun + modal + verb + complement
I / You /
He / She / It /
We / They
must
(deber)
go early. I / You /
He / She / It /
We / They
must not
(mustn’t)
go early.
I/You/We/They
He / She / It /
have to/
has to
(tener que )
wear uniform. I/You/We/They
He / She / It /
don't
have to
wear uniform.
Examples:
You don’t have to listen to the radio in your car, it is not necessary. (No es
necesario que escuches la radio en un carro, no es necesario.)
In some countries it is illegal to use a cell-phone in a car, in those countries
drivers must not use phones in their cars. (en algunos paises es illegal usar un
cellular en el carro, en eso paises los conductors no deben usar sus teléfonos en
sus autos.)
Obligation
“Have to” and “must” are both used
to express obligation. There is a slight
difference in the way that are both
used.
(Ambos:“Have to” and “must”
expresan obligación. Hay una muy
pequeña diferencia.)
Examples: Ejemplos:
“Have to” shows the obligation comes
from someone else, not the speaker.
This is usually referring to a rule or law.
(“Have to” expresa que la obligación
viene de alguien más. Esto usualmente se
refiere a una regla o ley.)
 We have to be
at the airport at
least two hours
before the
flight.
Tenemos que estar en el
aeropuerto con dos horas de
anticipación al vuelo, por lo
menos.
“Must” shows us that the obligation
comes from the speaker.
(“Must” expresa que la obligación
viene de la persona que habla.)
 I really must call my parents.  Realment debo llamar a mis
padres.
Here is an example of the difference
between “have to” and “must”
 My doctor said that I have to
stop smoking or I’ll risk
problems. (I have no choice.)
 I must stop smoking. It’s
costing me too much money.
(It’s my decision)
* My doctor dijo que tengo que
dejar de fumar o tendré
problemas. (No tengo
alternativa)
* Debo dejar de fumar. Me está
costando mucho dinero.(Es mi
desición)

3. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
The modals:
“Have to” and “must”
in the past is “had to”.
Exercise 1
Choose the correct option to fill in the blank.
1. She ___________ work in the morning.
A) has to B) have to C) must D) must to
2. You ___________ wear a jacket. It’s cold.
A) must B) must to C) have to D) has to
3. Denny ___________ save his money.
A) must to B) must have C) has to D) have to
4. I __________ clean the kitchen yesterday.
A) must B) must to C) had to D) have to
5. We ___________ not speak loudly.
A) must B) must to C) has to D) must has to
6. Harold and Lenny ___________ finish the project this week.
A) has to B) have C) have to D) has
7. You _________ use safety glasses at all times.
A) must B) must to C) must have D) must has
8. You __________ bring your identification.
A) having to B) have C) have to D) to have
9. Students __________ use a pen on the test.
A) must B) must to C) has to D) have
10. Maurice __________ clean his house last night.
A) has to B) must to C) must had to D) had to

4. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
Negative modals
 Must not= can’t
“Must not” and “Don't have to” are
completely different, but their
meanings are often confused.
Example: “Must not” and “Don't
have to” son
completamente diferente,
pero a veces sus
significados son confuses.
We use “don’t have to” to show that
there is no obligation.
(“don’t have to” se usa para expresar
que algo no es obligatorio.)
In Peru, students
don’t have to wear
uniforms at public
schools.
En el Perú, los alumnus no
tienen que usar uniforme
en las escuelas públicas.
"Must not" shows
something that is
prohibited.
("Must not" expresa que
algo es prohibido.)
You must not eat in the
computer room.
 (Food in_the computer
room is prohibited.)
No debemos comer en el
salón de cómputo.
(La comida está prohibida
en el aula de cómputo.)
Exercise 2
Choose the correct option for modal verbs.
1. When you’re driving along a school.
A) You must not drive fast. B) You don’t have to drive fast.
2.
A) You no can drink that. B) You can not drink that.
3.
A) You must not buying shoes. B) You have to wear shoes.
4.
A) You don’t can eat that food. B) You can not eat that food.
5.
A) He can't have my pen. B) He can't has my pen.
6.
A) You don’t have to smoke in the school. B) You must not smoke in the school.
7.
A) You can no use cell phones. B) You can not use cell phones.
8.
A) You must not make a phone call. B) You can no to make a phone call.
9.
A) You have to play music. B) You must play not music.
10.
A) You can't to have more juice. B) You can't have more juice.

5. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
Exercise 3
Complete these sentences using the correct words.
1. I have to be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably ____________ take a taxi if I want to be on
time.
A. must B. must not C. don’t have to
2.Tina: Look at these flowers – they’re beautiful! there's no card. Who could have sent
them?
Stephany: It____ have been David.He’s the only one who could send them you flowers.
A. must not B. must C. don’t have to
4. You _________ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying
on time.
A. must B. must not C. don’t have to
5. You ________ be so rude ! Why don’t you try saying “please” once in a while?
A. must B. must not C. don’t have to
VOCABULARY: VOCABULARIO:
wear – carry
clothes a bag
llevar Llevar puesta ropa
Llevar un bolso
win – earn
a competition a salary
ganar Ganar una competencia
Ganar un salario
know – meet
somebody somebody
for the
first time
conocer Conocer a alguien
Conocer a alguien por
primera vez
make – do
lunch homework
hacer Hacer la cena
Hacer la tarea
hope – wait
that something for a
bus
good will happen
esperar Esperar que algo Bueno
suceda
Esperar un bus
watch – look at
TV a photo
mirar Mirar la television
Mirar una foto
look – look like
happy your mother
verse Verse feliz
Verse como su madre

6. Cepre-UNI 2018-2 SEMANA 16
EVALUATION
1. Choose the correct answer. (Elija la respuesta correcta).
We ___________ use the password.
A) must B) must to C) has to
D) must has to E) has
2. Choose the correct answer.
They ___________ bring the money tomorrow.
A) has to B) had to C) have to
D) has E) doesn’t.
3. Choose the correct verb. (Elija el verbo correcto).
You _________ wear the uniform at all times.
A) must B) must to C) must have
D) must has E) has to
4. Choose the correct adverb. (Elija el adverbio correcto).
You __________ wait until 10 am.
A) having to B) have C) have to
D) to have E) must to
5. Circle the correct answer. (Haga un círculo a la respuesta correcta).
Students __________ register by last week.
A) must B) must to C) have to
D) had to E) did must
6. Circle the correct answer.
You __________ arrive on time.
A) has to B) must to C) have to
D) have E) can to
7. Circle the correct answer. Carlos and I ______ a ferry to Iquitos last summer.
A) drove B) ride C) take
D) rode E) drive
8. Choose the correct answer. (Elija la respuesta correcta).
She ___________ work tomorrow.
A) must to B) must have C) has to
D) have to E) couldn’t