Mobile ad hoc networking - An introduction
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A wireless ad hoc network or Mobile ad hoc network is a decentralized type of wireless network. The network is ad hoc because it does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired networks or access points in managed wireless networks.
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This document provides an overview of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks of mobile devices connected via wireless links. The document outlines the history and working of MANETs, describes types like VANETs, and discusses challenges, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of MANETs. It concludes that MANETs allow flexible communication between mobile nodes in a dynamically changing network topology.
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Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), or simply ad hoc network, comprises nodes that freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary network topology without any infrastructure support.
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This document discusses mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as self-configuring networks composed of mobile routers that connect via wireless links to form a temporary, random topology. MANETs are suitable for situations where infrastructure is not available or practical, such as emergency response. The document outlines the characteristics of MANETs, including that they are decentralized and nodes participate in routing by forwarding data. It also lists some applications of MANETs like military operations and disaster relief. Finally, it discusses challenges in MANETs like medium access, routing, security and energy management.
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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are formed spontaneously by wireless devices without any preexisting infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology can change unpredictably. MANETs have advantages like decentralized administration and self-configuration, but also challenges like limited bandwidth, dynamic topology, and security threats. Applications of MANETs include personal devices like cell phones communicating directly, military environments, emergency response situations, and more.
unit-1 notes
Mobile computing allows users to access network services from anywhere using portable devices. It involves user mobility between locations and networks, as well as device portability. Mobile computing is based on wireless networking technologies and includes challenges such as disconnection, variable bandwidth, and security risks. Future advances may include increased use of artificial intelligence, integrated circuitry for compact sizes, and faster processors. Media access control (MAC) protocols are important for managing shared wireless channels and avoiding collisions between devices. Common MAC protocols include TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, and reservation-based schemes like RTS/CTS.
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Manet
This document provides an overview of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks of mobile devices connected via wireless links. The document outlines the history and working of MANETs, describes types like VANETs, and discusses challenges, applications, advantages, and disadvantages of MANETs. It concludes that MANETs allow flexible communication between mobile nodes in a dynamically changing network topology.
Manet - The Art of Networking without a Network
Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), or simply ad hoc network, comprises nodes that freely and dynamically self-organize into arbitrary and temporary network topology without any infrastructure support.
Introduction to mobile ad hoc network
This document discusses mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It defines MANETs as self-configuring networks composed of mobile routers that connect via wireless links to form a temporary, random topology. MANETs are suitable for situations where infrastructure is not available or practical, such as emergency response. The document outlines the characteristics of MANETs, including that they are decentralized and nodes participate in routing by forwarding data. It also lists some applications of MANETs like military operations and disaster relief. Finally, it discusses challenges in MANETs like medium access, routing, security and energy management.
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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are formed spontaneously by wireless devices without any preexisting infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET are free to move randomly and organize themselves arbitrarily, so the network topology can change unpredictably. MANETs have advantages like decentralized administration and self-configuration, but also challenges like limited bandwidth, dynamic topology, and security threats. Applications of MANETs include personal devices like cell phones communicating directly, military environments, emergency response situations, and more.
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Mobile computing allows users to access network services from anywhere using portable devices. It involves user mobility between locations and networks, as well as device portability. Mobile computing is based on wireless networking technologies and includes challenges such as disconnection, variable bandwidth, and security risks. Future advances may include increased use of artificial intelligence, integrated circuitry for compact sizes, and faster processors. Media access control (MAC) protocols are important for managing shared wireless channels and avoiding collisions between devices. Common MAC protocols include TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, ALOHA, slotted ALOHA, CSMA, and reservation-based schemes like RTS/CTS.
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Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data
Aim:
To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data
Apparatus Required:
Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity
1 Arduino UNO 1
2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1
3 USB Cable 1
4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1
5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1
6 Smartphone 1
7 Breadboard 1
8 Jumper iresW As 1
Theory:
HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration.
Circuit Diagram:
Code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11);
float temperature, humidity; voidsetup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
bluetooth.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Ready to connect. Defualt password: 1234 or 0000.");
}
void loop()
{
if(bluetooth.available())
{
temperature = dht.readTemperature();
humidity =dht.readHumidity();
if(isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity))
{
Serial.println("ERROR: Unable to read temperature and humidity data.");
}
else
{
bluetooth.write(temperature);
bluetooth.write(humidity);
}
delay(1000);
}
}
Procedure:
1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Open the Arduino IDE in your computer and write the above sketch.
3. Compile the sketch and upload it to Arduino UNO.
4. Connect to HC-05 via your Smartphone and send data to it with application named “Bluetooth Terminal HC-05.” Click here to download the app.
5. Once downloaded, setup the application to receive data.
6. Now, the Arduino UNO will fetch temperature and humidity data from DHT11 and send it to Smartphone via Bluetooth.
Result:
Hence, Bluetooth module HC-05 is interfaced successfully with Arduino UNO and data is sent to Smartphone via Bluetooth.
Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data
Aim:
To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data
Apparatus Required:
Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity
1 Arduino UNO 1
2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1
3 USB Cable 1
4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1
5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1
6 Smartphone 1
7 Breadboard 1
8 Jumper iresW As 1
Theory:
HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration.
Circuit Diagram:
Code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11);
float temperature, humidity; voidsetup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
bluetooth.begin(9600);
Serial.pr
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Future Cooperative Networks
This document discusses the evolution of heterogeneous wireless networks from 1G to 4G and introduces concepts of cooperative wireless networking. It describes centralized wireless networks with single-hop links to base stations and decentralized wireless ad hoc networks with multi-hop end-to-end communication. The document outlines limitations of wireless ad hoc networks and introduces cooperative networking approaches that allow nodes to relay transmissions, creating virtual antenna arrays with spatial diversity benefits and efficient distributed space-time codes. Micro and macro cooperative network architectures are proposed utilizing infrastructure-based division with macro networks providing cooperative diversity and micro networks realizing cellular controlled point-to-point networks.
Manet
This document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and outlines some key challenges related to routing and security in these networks. It provides background on MANETs, explaining that they are infrastructure-less wireless networks where nodes can freely and dynamically self-organize. It then summarizes some of the main challenges like frequently changing topologies, limited resources of mobile nodes, and security issues like denial of service attacks. The document also gives an overview of different routing protocols for MANETs and requirements for these protocols to address challenges like frequent path breaks and bandwidth constraints. It concludes that comprehensive security solutions are still needed to address both routing and cooperation enforcement issues in these challenging ad hoc network environments.
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This document provides an introduction to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and discusses associated research issues. It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks formed spontaneously by wireless devices. Key characteristics of MANETs include dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, and lack of centralized management. The document outlines several research areas in MANETs, including power management, MAC layer protocols, routing, transport protocols, security, and data management. It discusses challenges in each area posed by the mobile and decentralized nature of MANETs.
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This document provides an overview of wireless network technologies and their evolution over time. It discusses early networks like Ethernet and token ring networks. It then covers the development of wireless technologies like Bluetooth, home RF, wireless LANs, and mobile ad hoc networks. Specific types of mobile ad hoc networks are explained in more detail, including vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) and intelligent VANETs that use technologies like IEEE 802.11p and WiMAX for vehicle communication. Finally, it discusses wireless sensor networks and how they differ from other ad hoc networks in aspects like dense deployment, frequent topology changes, limited resources, and shared purpose of sensor nodes.
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MANET is a type of mobile ad hoc network that is self-configuring and infrastructureless, allowing mobile devices to connect without wires. Nodes in a MANET can join or leave the network freely, making the network topology dynamic. Each node acts as both a host and router to forward data. MANETs support multi-hop routing to allow communication between nodes out of direct wireless range. They offer advantages like scalability, low cost, and access to information anywhere but also face challenges like variable wireless link quality, low data rates, and partitioned networks due to node movement.
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INTRODUCTION
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M-MKE- Hi-Tech Engg.
MK Group is an Indian conglomerate with multiple business units covering telecom networks, software, defense electronics, microelectronics design, PCB manufacture, and mechanical fabrication. It provides telecom switching systems, transmission products, telephones, subscriber services, software solutions, and engineering services for cellular networks. It also offers end-to-end e-governance solutions and products for digital subscriber lines, SDH networks, and wireless technologies. The group has comprehensive electronics manufacturing infrastructure for PCB fabrication, assembly, testing, and CAD/CAM design.
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Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks that allow devices to connect without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Nodes are both hosts and routers, forwarding data for each other. This allows for quick, inexpensive deployment but poses technical challenges including medium access, routing, transport protocols, quality of service, security, energy management, and scalability. While research continues on solutions, ad hoc networks have applications in military operations, disaster relief, and personal area networks. Key challenges that remain include quality of service, security, interoperation with the internet, and energy conservation for devices in the network.
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Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks that allow devices to connect without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Nodes in an ad hoc network can function as routers to forward data to other nodes. Key characteristics include dynamic topology as nodes move, limited bandwidth, and energy-constrained operation. Ad hoc networks face many technical challenges including medium access, routing, transport protocols, quality of service, security, energy management, and scalability. Potential applications include military operations, emergency response, and personal area networks. Major open challenges for ad hoc networks include providing quality of service guarantees, improving security, enabling interoperation with the Internet, and developing energy-efficient protocols to extend battery life.
Unit-1 (1).ppt
Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks that allow devices to connect without any centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Key characteristics include dynamic topology as nodes move, limited bandwidth, and energy-constrained operation. They are useful for applications like military operations, emergency response, and personal area networks. Major technical challenges to designing and deploying ad hoc networks include medium access, routing, transport protocols, quality of service, security, energy management, and scalability to larger numbers of nodes. Ongoing research aims to address these challenges and allow ad hoc networks to better integrate with the internet and other wireless networks.
Manet ppt
This document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an introduction to MANETs, describing their characteristics as peer-to-peer, self-forming, and self-healing wireless networks without a fixed infrastructure. The document then outlines the main types of MANETs: SPANs for smartphone networks, iMANETs that use internet protocols, and VANETs for vehicle communication networks. It provides examples of each type and their applications. In closing, the document briefly covers the merits and demerits of MANETs and potential future developments, such as improved security and testing under different conditions.
Unitabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvxyz1234 1.pptx
Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data
Aim:
To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data
Apparatus Required:
Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity
1 Arduino UNO 1
2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1
3 USB Cable 1
4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1
5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1
6 Smartphone 1
7 Breadboard 1
8 Jumper iresW As 1
Theory:
HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration.
Circuit Diagram:
Code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11);
float temperature, humidity; voidsetup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
bluetooth.begin(9600);
Serial.println("Ready to connect. Defualt password: 1234 or 0000.");
}
void loop()
{
if(bluetooth.available())
{
temperature = dht.readTemperature();
humidity =dht.readHumidity();
if(isnan(temperature) || isnan(humidity))
{
Serial.println("ERROR: Unable to read temperature and humidity data.");
}
else
{
bluetooth.write(temperature);
bluetooth.write(humidity);
}
delay(1000);
}
}
Procedure:
1. Make connections as per the circuit diagram.
2. Open the Arduino IDE in your computer and write the above sketch.
3. Compile the sketch and upload it to Arduino UNO.
4. Connect to HC-05 via your Smartphone and send data to it with application named “Bluetooth Terminal HC-05.” Click here to download the app.
5. Once downloaded, setup the application to receive data.
6. Now, the Arduino UNO will fetch temperature and humidity data from DHT11 and send it to Smartphone via Bluetooth.
Result:
Hence, Bluetooth module HC-05 is interfaced successfully with Arduino UNO and data is sent to Smartphone via Bluetooth.
Interface Bluetooth Module HC-05 with Arduino and Send Temperature and humidity Data
Aim:
To interface Bluetooth module HC-05 with Arduino and send temperature and humidity data
Apparatus Required:
Sign Number Name of the Equipment Quantity
1 Arduino UNO 1
2 Computer with Arduino IDE 1
3 USB Cable 1
4 HC-05 Bluetooth Module 1
5 Smartphone with Bluetooth Terminal HC-05 Application 1
6 Smartphone 1
7 Breadboard 1
8 Jumper iresW As 1
Theory:
HC05 module is a Bluetooth module using serial communication, mostly used in electronics projects. HC-05is a Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module designed for wireless communication. It can also be operated as amaster or slave configuration.
Circuit Diagram:
Code:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
#include "DHT.h"#define DHT_PIN 2
SoftwareSerial bluetooth(2, 3); // Rx and Tx respectively.DHT dht(DHT_PIN,DHT11);
float temperature, humidity; voidsetup()
{
pinMode(LED, OUTPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
bluetooth.begin(9600);
Serial.pr
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Manika
The document discusses various topics related to wireless and mobile computing including wireless communication, effects of device portability, mobile computing platforms, wireless and fixed networks, wireless management, building blocks of mobile computing, CDMA and DAMA, wireless networks, CSMA problems, and the hidden terminal problem. It also covers applications of wireless technology and security concerns in wireless networks.
Multimedia services in VANETs
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The document outlines LTE, 4G networks, and discusses technologies beyond 4G including 5G. It defines LTE and its key specifications. 4G is defined as supporting speeds up to 100Mbps for mobile and 1Gbps for stationary devices. Features of 4G networks include being fully IP-based, higher bandwidths, and support for new applications. Challenges in 4G include accessing different networks and managing terminal mobility across networks through location and handoff management. 5G is envisioned to provide even faster data rates and complete wireless communication with high performance.
Future Cooperative Networks
This document discusses the evolution of heterogeneous wireless networks from 1G to 4G and introduces concepts of cooperative wireless networking. It describes centralized wireless networks with single-hop links to base stations and decentralized wireless ad hoc networks with multi-hop end-to-end communication. The document outlines limitations of wireless ad hoc networks and introduces cooperative networking approaches that allow nodes to relay transmissions, creating virtual antenna arrays with spatial diversity benefits and efficient distributed space-time codes. Micro and macro cooperative network architectures are proposed utilizing infrastructure-based division with macro networks providing cooperative diversity and micro networks realizing cellular controlled point-to-point networks.
Manet
This document discusses mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and outlines some key challenges related to routing and security in these networks. It provides background on MANETs, explaining that they are infrastructure-less wireless networks where nodes can freely and dynamically self-organize. It then summarizes some of the main challenges like frequently changing topologies, limited resources of mobile nodes, and security issues like denial of service attacks. The document also gives an overview of different routing protocols for MANETs and requirements for these protocols to address challenges like frequent path breaks and bandwidth constraints. It concludes that comprehensive security solutions are still needed to address both routing and cooperation enforcement issues in these challenging ad hoc network environments.
Networking(CPM & PERT)
A computer network allows devices to communicate with each other over a transmission medium. There are two main types of networks: local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a limited geographic area like an office, and wide area networks (WANs) which interconnect multiple LANs across an unlimited geographic area. Common topologies for LANs include bus, star, and ring configurations. Network devices like switches and routers allow communication within and between LANs and WANs.
Ad hoc networks introduction
This document provides an introduction to mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and discusses associated research issues. It defines MANETs as infrastructureless, self-configuring networks formed spontaneously by wireless devices. Key characteristics of MANETs include dynamic topology, limited bandwidth, and lack of centralized management. The document outlines several research areas in MANETs, including power management, MAC layer protocols, routing, transport protocols, security, and data management. It discusses challenges in each area posed by the mobile and decentralized nature of MANETs.
Neha 4g wireless network
4G networks will integrate existing mobile technologies using advanced technologies like IPv6 addressing. They will offer higher speeds and bandwidth to support multimedia services. However, challenges remain around accessing different networks, managing terminal mobility across networks, and performing efficient handovers between networks and cells. Overcoming these challenges is important for fully realizing 4G's capabilities.
Neha 4g
4G networks will integrate existing mobile technologies using advanced technologies like IPv6 addressing. They will offer higher speeds and bandwidth to support multimedia services. However, challenges remain around accessing different networks, managing terminal mobility across networks, and performing seamless handovers between networks and technologies. Overcoming these challenges is necessary to fully realize the benefits of 4G.
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Mobile ad hoc networking - An introduction
- 2. Ginoy Joy
- 3. Mobile Ad Hoc Networking (MANET) Features of MANET Applications of MANET Challenges of MANET Media Access Control MACA Solutions Routing in Ad hoc Networks
- 4. • Formed dynamically by an autonomous system of mobile nodes • No existing fixed infrastructure • Mobile nodes are free to move randomly. • May Operate as standalone fashion • Each Node work as router.
- 5. Self Directed Terminal Easy to Communicate Multi Hop Routing Malleability of link capacity Symmetric Environment Dynamic in nature Autonomous and Intermittent
- 6. Tactical Networks •Military communications •automated battlefields Emergency Services •Search and rescue operations •Diaster recovery Education •Virtual classrooms •conference rooms. Home and Entertainment •Home/office wireless networking. •Multiuser games •Personal Area Network
- 8. Media Access Control • Since MANETs, use broadcasting and shared transmission media Introduces a probability of packet collisions and media contention. • Since collision detection is not possible with half-duplex radio. Brings news challenges to conventional CSMA/CD- based and MAC based protocols. • The top issues Hidden terminal and exposed terminal problems.
- 10. RTS CTS
- 11. ROUTING PROTOCOLS Ad-hoc Mobile Routing Protocols Proactive DSDV, WRP, CGSR, STAR, OLSR Hybrid ZRP Reactive ABR, DSR, TORA, AODV, CBRP, RDMAR