This document provides an overview of performance management and appraisal. It discusses key topics such as: - The definition of performance as the results and accomplishments achieved, as opposed to competency which is the means to achieve results. - Factors that influence performance such as skills, education, experience, management policies and practices, and opportunities. - The process of performance measurement which evaluates efficiency, effectiveness, and capability against norms or targets. - The purpose of performance management systems (PMS) and performance appraisal systems (PAS) which include promotion, training, counseling, retention, and termination decisions. - Characteristics of effective PMS including a clear link to objectives, relevance, practicality