As leaders of our institutions, we need to have strategic vision and global understanding to manage meaningful change. What demographic and philosophical changes make cultural competency an imperative value added rather than a desired additive? What factors help us understand where the school is on the spectrum of exclusive clubs to inclusive organizations? How do we move our communities strategically at the pace that is right for the school? What are some best practices for getting the right people to the school and leveraging their talents? How do we sustain our positive growth over time? Discuss these questions and gather tools to help our schools become the leading edge of cultural competency, inclusion, and equity.
1. Montclair Kimberley Academy
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
Seattle Girls’ School
Cultural Competency
in Independent Schools:
What Leaders Need to Know
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
3. Goals
Understanding the Case for
Assessing Where You Are
Priming for Change (or Sustaining It)
Recruitment TO Retention
Assessing and Reassessing
Resources
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
4. Culture [consists] primarily of the
symbolic, ideational, and intangible
aspects of human societies… It is the
values, symbols, interpretations, and
perspectives that distinguish one
people from another.
James A. Banks
What is Culture?
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
5. Culture is the collective
programming of the mind
which distinguishes the
members of one category of
people from another.
Geert H. Hofstede
What is Culture?
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6. What is Culture?
Graphic from the Anti-Defamation League
Artifacts and Behaviors
Values
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
7. Dimensions of Identity and Culture
This model of identifiers and culture was created by Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman for NAIS Summer Diversity Institute,
adapted from Loden and Rosener’s Workforce America! (1991) and from Diverse Teams at Work, Gardenswartz & Rowe (SHRM 2003).
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
8. Cultural Competency:
Many Models
Cultural competence is a set of
congruent behaviors, attitudes and
policies that come together in a
system, institution or individual and
enable that system, institution or
individual to work effectively in cross-
cultural situations.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Terry Cross
9. Cultural Competency:
Many Models
Cultural competence comprises four
components: (a) Awareness of one's own
cultural worldview, (b) Attitude towards
cultural differences, (c) Knowledge of different
cultural practices and worldviews, and (d)
Cross-cultural skills. Developing cultural
competence results in an ability to understand,
communicate with, and effectively interact with
people across cultures.
Mercedes Martin & Billy Vaughn
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
10. Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
The Jones Model of Cultural Competence
Cultural Self-
Awareness
Cultural
Intelligence
Cross-Cultural
Effectiveness
Skills
Countering
Oppression
through
Inclusion
11. Cultural Competency: Key Elements
Value Orientation
Diversity as Value Added
Respect
Relationships
Equity
Thought Orientation
Knowledge
Awareness
Systems Thinking
Action Orientation
Consciousness Building
Capacity Building
Assessment
Adaptation
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
12. An Educational Imperative
The Moral Case
The Academic Case
The Economic Case
Institution Excellence
Teacher Excellence
Student Excellence
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
17. Hallmarks of Earlier Phases
People feel pressure to fit in
People fear speaking up
“Who you know” is more important than “what you
know” (relationship-based culture)
You only trust those closest to you (cliques)
Denial of differences is considered a virtue (“we
don’t see differences here”)
It’s hard for outsiders to learn the rules (sink or
swim to prove yourself)
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
18. Hallmarks of Later Phases
People can bring their full selves to school
The school encourages and welcomes people to
contribute different opinions and points of view
There is a performance driven culture
People form dynamic and diverse groups (trust)
Differences are seen as additive and productive
Success is explicitly defined, and the school supports
people in achieving it
The school has an interactive culture
People have the competencies to adapt to different
cultural contexts.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
19. Schools Have ZPDs, Too!
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Status Quo:
Reliance on what the
school does already
and naturally
Zone of Proximal
Development:
Mindful and strategic
change toward the
next stage of growth
Too Much, Too Fast:
Unrealistic demands
on the community
20. Getting There From Here:
Life Cycle of Initiatives
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Abe Wehmiller, NAIS Summer Diversity Institute
22. Identifying Growth Zones – The 5Ps
• Policy – Enumeration of the school’s diversity
commitment through mission, strategic plan,
handbooks, websites, etc.
• Programming – Diversity training and programming for
all constituencies (board, admin, faculty, staff,
students, families, etc.). Diversity and inclusivity
curriculum.
• Practice – Consistent and meaningful revisit of policy
and programs. Climate assessments, proactive
changes, and meaningful responses to incidents.
• People – Critical mass of people who are supportive
AND active on all levels.
• Pecuniary – Funding, people, and time allocated in the
strategic plan and daily life for supporting diversity
efforts.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
23. Concentrating on the People:
Recruitment TO Retention
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
24. Stages of Recruitment to Retention
Recruiting
Interviewing
Admitting/Hiring
Starting before the first school year begins
Conducting professional development
Mentoring and collaborating
Assessing, supervising, observing and evaluating
Granting tenure/permanence/leadership
Sustaining the connection
Developing career-long learners
Renewing and reorienting
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
25. Leveraging Your People
Back up your enthusiasts 15-20%
Sanction outright resisters 15-20%
Work on your 60-70%
Be authentic about where you are
Support your pioneers
Cultivate your voices of conscience
Contribute your stubborn ounces
Constantly reference your mission
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
26. Keeping Up To Date:
Assessment and Training
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
27. Assess and Reassess
Demographic Trends
– Entrance Numbers
– Attrition Numbers
– Disciplinary Cases
– Academic Cases
– Financial Aid Breakdowns
Climate Surveys
Exit Interviews
Programmatic Surveys
Pre-Post Assessments
Every 1-2 Years
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
28. Cultural Competency Skillsets
Identity Development
Cross Cultural
Communication
Intercultural Conflict
Bias, Power, and Systems
Privilege and Allyship
School Culture and Change
Inclusive Curriculum
Leading and Following
Cultural Adaptation
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
29. Doing It on a Budget
Free Climate Surveys
Survey Monkey
Word Clouds
Task Forces
Online Courses with Cohorts
Post Conference Share-Outs and
Trainings
Book Discussion Groups
Expertise Exchange
Forming Consortia With Other
Schools
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
30. Resources Available
at tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
Common Vocabulary
Assessment Tools From Various Organizations
Links to Resource Websites
Professional Development Options
Must Read Books
Can’t Find What You’re Looking For? Contact Me!
32. Final Questions or Comments?
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33. Presenter Information
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee
6th Faculty and
Professional Outreach
Seattle Girls’ School
2706 S Jackson Street
Seattle WA 98144
(206) 805-6562
rlee@seattlegirlsschool.org
http://tiny.cc/rosettalee
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
34. Identity Resources
• Carlos H. Arce, “A Reconsideration of Chicano Culture
and Identity”
• Atkinson, Morten, & Sue, “Racial/Cultural Identity
Development Model (R/CID)”
• Mindy Bingham and Sandy Stryker, “Socioemotional
Development for Girls”
• Vivienne Cass, “Homosexual identity formation: Testing
a theoretical model”
• William Cross, Shades of Black: Diversity in African
American Identity”
• Anthony D’Augelli, “ Identity development and sexual
orientation: Toward a model of lesbian, gay, and
bisexual development”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
35. Identity Resources
• Erik Erikson, “Eight Stages of Man”
• J. E. Helms, Various Publications on Racial and Ethnic
Identity Development
• Jean Kim, “Processes of Asian American Identity
Development”
• James Maricia, “Four Ego and Identity Statuses”
• Suzanne Kobasa Ouellette, “The Three C’s of
Hardiness”
• Jean S. Phinney, “Ethnic Identity in Adolescents and
Adults: Review of the Research”
• Ponterotto & Pederso, Preventing Prejudice
• Maria P. P. Root, Various Works on Multiracial Identity
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
36. Identity Resources
• Patricia Romney, Karlene Ferron, and Jennifer Hill,
“Measuring the Success of Diversity Directors in
Independent Schools”
• Pedro Ruiz, “Latino/a Identity Development Model”
• Chalmer E. Thompson and Robert T. Carter, Racial
Identity Theory
• Alex Wilson, “How We Find Ourselves: Identity
Development and Two Spirit People”
• Christine J. Yeh, “The Collectivistic Nature of Identity
Development Among Asian-American College
Students”
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
37. Communication Resources
• “Stereotype Threat” by Joshua Aronson
• Brenda J. Allen, Difference Matters: Communicating
Social Identity
• William Gudykunst, Cross-Cultural and Intercultural
Comunication
• Milton Bennett, PhD, Intercultural Communication
Institute www.intercultural.org
• “Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures” by Erica
Hagen, Intercultural Communication Resources
• Thiagi.com
• Thrive! Team Dynamics
• http://www.analytictech.com/mb021/action_science_
history.htm
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
38. Miscellaneous Resources
• Karen Bradberry and Johnnie Foreman, “Privilege and
Power,” Summer Diversity Institute, National Association
of Independent Schools, 2009
• Po Bronson and Ashley Merryman, Nurture Shock
• Kevin Jennings, GLSEN (Gay Lesbian and Straight Education
Network) www.glsen.org
• Allan G. Johnson, Privilege, Power, and Difference
• Johnnie McKinley, “Leveling the Playing Field and Raising
African American Students’ Achievement in Twenty-nine
Urban Classrooms,” New Horizons for Learning,
http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/differentiated/
mckinley.htm
Michael J Nakkula and Eric Toshalis, Understanding Youth.
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
39. Cultural Competence and
Educational Excellence
"How Diversity Affects Teaching and Learning Climate of Inclusion has a
Positive Effect on Learning Outcomes," by Sylvia Hurtado. 2, 3, 5
http://www.diversityweb.org/research_and_trends/research_evaluation_impact/
benefits_of_diversity/ sylvia_hurtado.cfm
• University of Michigan . Gratz v. Bollinger, et al., No. 97-75321 (E.D.
Michigan), Grutter v. Bollinger et al., No. 97-75928 (E.D. Michigan). 1 "The
Educational Value of Diversity." Center for Institutional Diversity.
•"Who Benefits from Racial Diversity in Higher Education?" by Mitchell J.
Chang, Associate Dean of the College of Liberal Arts, Loyola Marymount
University, and Alexander W. Astin, Director, Higher Education Research
Institute, University of California- Los Angeles. 2, 3
http://www.diversityweb.org/Digest/W97/research.html
•"Fostering Intercultural Harmony in Schools Research Findings." Report,
prepared by Kathleen Cotton, Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory,
Portland, Oregon, 1993. "Cooperative Learning, Multicultural Functioning and
Student Achievement. San Bernadino, CA: San Bernadino School District,
1990. 2, 4 http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/ 8/topsyn7.h
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)
40. Miscellaneous Resources
• Cornell University ILR Management Programs
(www.ilr.cornell.edu)
• National Training Lab (www.ntl.org)
• Robert Evans, The Human Side of School Change
• Malcolm Gladwell, The Tipping Point
• Jim Collins, Good To Great
• Stephen R. Covey’s Coveylink
• Stephen M. R. Covey, The Speed of Trust
• Michelle Cummings, Training-Wheels.com
• Terrence Deal and Kent Peterson, Shaping School
Culture: The Heart of Leadership
Rosetta Eun Ryong Lee (http://tiny.cc/rosettalee)