Mito viewer loop presentaion
•Download as PPT, PDF•
0 likes•281 views
The document discusses monitoring of tissue energy metabolism and mitochondrial function using NADH fluorescence. It describes how the level of NADH in mitochondria indicates the energy balance of tissues and can provide insights into various human diseases related to mitochondrial activity. A device called the MitoViewer by Prizmatix Ltd uses optical monitoring of NADH to evaluate mitochondrial function and tissue energy balance in various organs and clinical conditions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
life sciences
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to regulate activities in the body using chemical signals. The endocrine system transmits messages through the bloodstream via hormones from endocrine glands, while the nervous system uses neurons and neurotransmitters. Endocrine glands include the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, with the hypothalamus controlling secretions of the pituitary gland. The endocrine system has a slower reaction time than the nervous system but its effects last longer.
Spio cytokinejan28-2
This study aimed to compare the presence of iron particles in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques in apo E-deficient mice under normal conditions versus after administration of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Eight female mice were divided into two groups, with five receiving an injection of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and three receiving a saline injection as a control. All mice then received an injection of iron particles. After seven days, the mice were euthanized and their aortas examined for iron staining and plaque formation.
Chen et al PNAS-2010
This document summarizes research on how shear stress regulates SIRT1 and its role in vascular homeostasis. The key points are:
1) Applying laminar flow to endothelial cells in vitro increased SIRT1 levels and activity as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. Higher SIRT1 levels were observed under physiologically relevant pulsatile flow compared to pathophysiological oscillatory flow.
2) Laminar flow activated both AMPK and SIRT1 independently in endothelial cells. Knockdown and genetic ablation studies showed they do not regulate each other.
3) Laminar flow increased the association between SIRT1 and eNOS and decreased eNOS acetylation. AMPK
Patel_Himali
- Corazonin, AKH, and ACP are present in clusters of cells in the central nervous system of Rhodnius prolixus. AKH is also present in the corpus cardiacum.
- AKH increases lipid levels in the haemolymph, while corazonin increases heartbeat frequency. No effects were observed for ACP.
- The distribution and physiological roles of these neuropeptides in R. prolixus were mapped through immunohistochemistry and assays measuring lipid mobilization and heart contraction frequency.
The Health Bensfits of OPC3
Pycnogenol improves blood flow and artery function in several ways: it increases nitric oxide which helps arteries dilate and increases blood flow; it improves microcirculation in the skin allowing for better oxygenation, nutrient supply, and detoxification; it lowers cholesterol and strengthens veins, reducing swelling. Clinical studies show Pycnogenol significantly improves artery dilatation in patients with heart disease and restores natural arterial function.
AriMandlerPoster1
1) The document examines ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes in response to phenylephrine (PE) treatment.
2) Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes showed increased ATF3 nuclear staining after 0.5 hours of PE treatment, which decreased after 2 hours.
3) Quantitative PCR analysis found c-Jun mRNA was induced after 2 hours of PE, but ATF3, Egr1, and Fos mRNA levels remained unchanged.
Cerebral Ischemia overview
Cerebral ischemia occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow to brain tissue, impairing metabolic functions and causing cell death. Animal models are used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ischemic injury in the brain. During ischemia and reperfusion, there are excessive excitatory neurotransmitters, free radicals, acidosis, and inflammation which contribute to cell death through mechanisms like excitotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. Hypothermia is neuroprotective by reducing metabolic demands and free radical production. Experimental therapies aim to reduce excitotoxicity, free radicals, inflammation and improve cell survival through neurotrophins or stem cells.
Seminario molecular..! cms & lml
This study examines how uric acid decreases nitric oxide (NO) production and leads to cardiovascular problems:
1. Uric acid inhibits NO production both indirectly, by increasing arginase activity, and directly, by decreasing phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177.
2. NO is an important protective molecule in blood vessels that causes vasodilation.
3. The enzyme eNOS produces most vascular NO and is regulated by calcium/calmodulin (CaM) binding and phosphorylation. Uric acid reduces the binding of CaM to eNOS, decreasing NO production.
Recommended
life sciences
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to regulate activities in the body using chemical signals. The endocrine system transmits messages through the bloodstream via hormones from endocrine glands, while the nervous system uses neurons and neurotransmitters. Endocrine glands include the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, with the hypothalamus controlling secretions of the pituitary gland. The endocrine system has a slower reaction time than the nervous system but its effects last longer.
Spio cytokinejan28-2
This study aimed to compare the presence of iron particles in macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques in apo E-deficient mice under normal conditions versus after administration of cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta. Eight female mice were divided into two groups, with five receiving an injection of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and three receiving a saline injection as a control. All mice then received an injection of iron particles. After seven days, the mice were euthanized and their aortas examined for iron staining and plaque formation.
Chen et al PNAS-2010
This document summarizes research on how shear stress regulates SIRT1 and its role in vascular homeostasis. The key points are:
1) Applying laminar flow to endothelial cells in vitro increased SIRT1 levels and activity as well as mitochondrial biogenesis. Higher SIRT1 levels were observed under physiologically relevant pulsatile flow compared to pathophysiological oscillatory flow.
2) Laminar flow activated both AMPK and SIRT1 independently in endothelial cells. Knockdown and genetic ablation studies showed they do not regulate each other.
3) Laminar flow increased the association between SIRT1 and eNOS and decreased eNOS acetylation. AMPK
Patel_Himali
- Corazonin, AKH, and ACP are present in clusters of cells in the central nervous system of Rhodnius prolixus. AKH is also present in the corpus cardiacum.
- AKH increases lipid levels in the haemolymph, while corazonin increases heartbeat frequency. No effects were observed for ACP.
- The distribution and physiological roles of these neuropeptides in R. prolixus were mapped through immunohistochemistry and assays measuring lipid mobilization and heart contraction frequency.
The Health Bensfits of OPC3
Pycnogenol improves blood flow and artery function in several ways: it increases nitric oxide which helps arteries dilate and increases blood flow; it improves microcirculation in the skin allowing for better oxygenation, nutrient supply, and detoxification; it lowers cholesterol and strengthens veins, reducing swelling. Clinical studies show Pycnogenol significantly improves artery dilatation in patients with heart disease and restores natural arterial function.
AriMandlerPoster1
1) The document examines ATF3 expression in cardiomyocytes in response to phenylephrine (PE) treatment.
2) Immunofluorescent staining of cardiomyocytes showed increased ATF3 nuclear staining after 0.5 hours of PE treatment, which decreased after 2 hours.
3) Quantitative PCR analysis found c-Jun mRNA was induced after 2 hours of PE, but ATF3, Egr1, and Fos mRNA levels remained unchanged.
Cerebral Ischemia overview
Cerebral ischemia occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow to brain tissue, impairing metabolic functions and causing cell death. Animal models are used to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of ischemic injury in the brain. During ischemia and reperfusion, there are excessive excitatory neurotransmitters, free radicals, acidosis, and inflammation which contribute to cell death through mechanisms like excitotoxicity, apoptosis, and necrosis. Hypothermia is neuroprotective by reducing metabolic demands and free radical production. Experimental therapies aim to reduce excitotoxicity, free radicals, inflammation and improve cell survival through neurotrophins or stem cells.
Seminario molecular..! cms & lml
This study examines how uric acid decreases nitric oxide (NO) production and leads to cardiovascular problems:
1. Uric acid inhibits NO production both indirectly, by increasing arginase activity, and directly, by decreasing phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser1177.
2. NO is an important protective molecule in blood vessels that causes vasodilation.
3. The enzyme eNOS produces most vascular NO and is regulated by calcium/calmodulin (CaM) binding and phosphorylation. Uric acid reduces the binding of CaM to eNOS, decreasing NO production.
Proteins
Proteins are essential biomolecules that are derived from the Greek word "protos" meaning "I occupy". They play important roles in forming living cells, carrying genetic information as nucleoproteins, catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, making up viruses, providing energy, and performing specialized functions such as oxygen transport and hormone activity. Proteins can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties, functions, and structures into categories like simple proteins including albumin, globulin, and globin; compound proteins; and derived proteins.
Nutritional Assessment
A nutritional assessment was presented covering measurements of midarm circumference, serum albumin tests, and nitrogen balance. Midarm circumference is measured when a serious nutritional problem is suspected. A serum albumin test assesses protein levels in the body. Nitrogen balance refers to the difference between nitrogen intake and excretion. A patient's serum transferrin level during a nutritional assessment helps assess the patient for liver damage.
Nutritional Assessment
The document discusses nutritional assessment, including:
1) Identifying nutritional deficiencies, classifying malnutrition, and estimating nutritional requirements.
2) Using a SOAP format (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) for nutritional assessment.
3) Describing components of a nutrition support team and their roles.
4) Methods for assessing body composition, nutritional biomarkers, and classifying types of malnutrition.
5) Equations for estimating caloric and protein requirements based on factors like age, weight, injury severity.
6) A case study example of applying the assessment methods.
Energy Balance
Energy balance occurs when energy intake from food matches energy expenditure by the body. Energy expenditure consists of basal metabolic rate (BMR), the energy required for basic body functions, thermic effect of activity and food, and adaptive thermogenesis. BMR accounts for 50-75% of total energy expenditure and can be estimated using formulas factoring in weight, height, age, and gender. Tracking energy intake and expenditure helps determine if a person has a surplus, deficit, or balance of calories.
Energy Balance
This document discusses how energy from the sun interacts with the atmosphere and Earth's surface. Solar radiation enters the atmosphere and is scattered, refracted, reflected, or absorbed. Atmospheric gases and particles influence these processes. Absorbed radiation is transferred within the atmosphere and at the surface via conduction, convection, and radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and clouds contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the surface. The surface and atmospheric energy budgets describe the distribution of solar energy after it passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface.
Proteins simplified
Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids that are essential for human life. They are needed for growth, tissue repair, enzyme and hormone production. The building blocks of proteins are 22 amino acids, some of which must be obtained through diet. Common sources of protein include meat, eggs, dairy, grains, legumes and nuts. Protein requirements vary based on age, gender and activity level but adults generally need 0.8-1 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily. Proteins are classified based on structure, solubility and nutritional properties and perform many important functions in the human body.
NTP chapter 3
This document provides an overview of nutrition assessment as the foundation of the nutrition care process. It discusses collecting both subjective and objective data through tools, tests, and measurements. Subjective data includes interviews and observations, while objective data comes from medical records and tests. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI and body composition analysis provide information. Biochemical tests evaluate proteins, hematology, vitamins and minerals. Indirect calorimetry and equations estimate energy needs. Assessment data is interpreted to identify nutrition problems and diagnose nutritional status.
Biochemical Assessment PowerPoint
This document provides an overview of biochemical tests used to assess nutritional status. It discusses static tests that directly measure nutrients and functional tests that indirectly reflect nutrient deficiency. Protein status is challenging to evaluate but can be assessed via creatinine height index, nitrogen balance, albumin, prealbumin, and immunocompetence. Iron status involves ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indicators. Common blood panels include CBC, metabolic, and lipid to evaluate nutrients, minerals, enzymes, and metabolites. Biochemical tests are useful but have limitations, so a comprehensive evaluation is best.
Urea cycle
Urea was first discovered in 1727 and synthesized artificially in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler, marking the first time an organic compound was synthesized from inorganic materials without living organisms. The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in many animals, primarily occurring in the liver and kidneys. It is the main process by which ammonia is detoxified and converted into urea for excretion, as ammonia is toxic to the body. The overall reaction of the urea cycle converts ammonium, bicarbonate, and other compounds into urea, releasing energy through ATP hydrolysis.
Nutrients And Assessment
This document discusses nutrition and its importance for growth in infants and children. It defines key terms like nutrients, metabolism, energy expenditure and requirements. It describes the unique nutritional needs of infants and children for rapid growth. It discusses the major macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and their functions, sources and requirements. It also covers topics like body composition, nutritional assessment, protein quality and estimating energy requirements.
DIETARY ASSESSMENT SEMINAR
This document provides an overview of general methods of dietary assessment. It discusses various methods used at both the individual and national level, including food balance sheets, 24-hour recall, food frequency questionnaires, weighed food records, and dietary history. It also covers the purposes of dietary assessment, such as improving individual diets, planning food strategies, and assessing nutrition programs. Limitations of different methods are outlined. National agencies involved in nutritional surveillance in India, such as the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau, are also mentioned.
10. assessment of nutritional status
This document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary evaluations as well as indirect methods using community health data. It provides details on anthropometric indicators like BMI, waist circumference, and hip measurements. Clinical exams can identify signs of deficiencies in hair, mouth, eyes, nails, skin, thyroid, and bones. Biochemical tests of blood and urine are useful to detect early nutritional changes. Dietary assessments include 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries.
malnutrition classification and severe malnutrition management
The document discusses malnutrition, defining it as a cellular imbalance between nutrient supply and demand. It describes different types of malnutrition including protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and specific forms like marasmus and kwashiorkor. PEM is the primary nutritional problem in developing countries, affecting growth and survival in children under 5 years old. Management of severe malnutrition involves treating infections, regulating electrolytes, micronutrients and gradual feeding to support recovery without overwhelming the body's slowed systems.
Protein metabolism
Protein metabolism involves the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and their use and degradation throughout the body. Amino acids from food sources are broken down through digestion and absorbed. They are used for protein synthesis, forming hormones and other compounds, and undergo constant breakdown and renewal to replenish amino acid reserves. Excess amino acids have their nitrogen removed through transamination or oxidative deamination, producing ammonia. The liver plays a key role in nitrogen excretion by converting toxic ammonia into less toxic urea via the urea cycle, which is then excreted in urine.
Protein metabolism
1. Protein metabolism involves the breakdown of amino acids into ammonia and carbon skeletons, and the reuse of these components for new protein synthesis or energy production. Amino acids undergo transamination, deamination, and are metabolized through the urea cycle to dispose of ammonia.
2. The urea cycle is a series of chemical reactions that converts ammonia into urea for excretion. It occurs primarily in the liver and involves five enzymatic steps to incorporate ammonia and carbon into the relatively non-toxic urea molecule.
3. Defects in protein metabolism can cause inborn errors such as phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, and defects in the urea cycle, which
TRANSDEAMINATION AND DEAMINATION
This document discusses transdeamination and deamination processes in the human body. It explains that transdeamination involves transamination followed by oxidative deamination, where the amino group is transported from tissues to the liver as glutamic acid and then deaminated in liver mitochondria. Transamination is the exchange of an amino group from one molecule, like an amino acid, to a keto group on another molecule like a keto acid. Deamination removes the amino group from a molecule, primarily through oxidative deamination of glutamic acid in the liver, converting the amino acid into a keto acid and ammonia. The ammonia is further processed in the urea cycle and excreted.
Amino acid metabolism
The document discusses amino acid metabolism. It begins by defining amino acids as derivatives of carboxylic acids with an amino group substitution. Amino acids are essential for building proteins and participate in many metabolic reactions. They are classified by the properties of their side chains. Protein digestion involves proteases in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that hydrolyze proteins into amino acids. Amino acids are absorbed into the blood and transported to tissues. Within cells, amino groups are transferred between amino acids and ketoacids in transamination reactions or removed as ammonia by deamination. The liver converts ammonia into less toxic urea via the urea cycle to prevent intoxication. Defects in the urea cycle can
Biochemistry ii protein (metabolism of amino acids) (new edition)
This document discusses the metabolism of amino acids. It begins with an introduction and overview of amino acid classification, definitions of terms like nitrogen balance and biological value, and the digestion and absorption of proteins. It then covers the metabolic fates of amino acids, including removal of ammonia via deamination, transamination, and transdeamination. The carbon skeletons of amino acids can be used for biosynthesis, the synthesis of non-protein nitrogen compounds, or energy production. Ammonia is further metabolized. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes in amino acid metabolism.
LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATUR...
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fetal and neonatal hypoxia takes a special place among the damaging factors of central nervous system (CNS). All forms of oxygen deficiency are accompanied
by the development of bioenergetic hypoxia, which leads to tension of metabolic processes of the organism. Metabolic effect of hypoxia includes stark reduce of mitochondrial
activity due to a significant inhibition enzymes of the Krebs cycle: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In newborn babies is not always possible
to objectively assess the condition of the CNS defeat, because very often the severity of lesions does not correspond to clinical symptoms, especially in premature newborns. So
far determination the severity of hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions is still very actual in modern medicine. More objective method of such an assessment is determine the activity
of neurospecific enolase (NSE).
The aim of the paper is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of hypoxic CNS lesions in premature infants by determining the activity of NSE and study energy supply during
the neonatal period.
Materials and methods: The concentration of NSE, SDH and LDH were determined in 15 conventionally healthy preterm infants (CHPI), which made the comparison group, and
64 premature babies with hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions, which were divided into three groups: I group - 26 premature children with mild CNS lesions; II group - 20 premature
children with severe hypoxic lesions and low birth weight; III group - 18 premature newborns with severe damage of central nervous system and extremely low birth weight.
NSE activity was determined by enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company «Fujirebio» (Sweden) on an automatic analyzer «Multiscan Plus» company «Labsystems»
(Finland). Material for investigation was peripheral venous blood of newborns, which collected by vein punction at morning on an empty stomach.
Results and conclusions: Metabolic effect of hypoxia in premature infants manifested by severe inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory activity, which appears in the reduction
of aerobic enzyme activity of SDH and activation serum LDH. During the neonatal period in infants with perinatal hypoxic- ischemic lesions of the CNS levels of the of NSE, SDH
and LDG aren't normalized, that indicated on energy deficiency and requires the development of effective methods of correcting this condition. Perinatal hypoxia in premature
neonates causes significant alteration of neuronal membranes and increase concentration in blood such neurospecific protein as NSE, whose concentration correlates with the
degree of severity of CNS injury.
KEY WORDS: hypoxia, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, neurospecific enolase, premature newborns
CRP.pdf
Synthesis and release of natriuretic peptides in cardiac diseases
Pathophysiology of natriuretic peptides is oxygen sensitive
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Proteins
Proteins are essential biomolecules that are derived from the Greek word "protos" meaning "I occupy". They play important roles in forming living cells, carrying genetic information as nucleoproteins, catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, making up viruses, providing energy, and performing specialized functions such as oxygen transport and hormone activity. Proteins can be classified based on their physical and chemical properties, functions, and structures into categories like simple proteins including albumin, globulin, and globin; compound proteins; and derived proteins.
Nutritional Assessment
A nutritional assessment was presented covering measurements of midarm circumference, serum albumin tests, and nitrogen balance. Midarm circumference is measured when a serious nutritional problem is suspected. A serum albumin test assesses protein levels in the body. Nitrogen balance refers to the difference between nitrogen intake and excretion. A patient's serum transferrin level during a nutritional assessment helps assess the patient for liver damage.
Nutritional Assessment
The document discusses nutritional assessment, including:
1) Identifying nutritional deficiencies, classifying malnutrition, and estimating nutritional requirements.
2) Using a SOAP format (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) for nutritional assessment.
3) Describing components of a nutrition support team and their roles.
4) Methods for assessing body composition, nutritional biomarkers, and classifying types of malnutrition.
5) Equations for estimating caloric and protein requirements based on factors like age, weight, injury severity.
6) A case study example of applying the assessment methods.
Energy Balance
Energy balance occurs when energy intake from food matches energy expenditure by the body. Energy expenditure consists of basal metabolic rate (BMR), the energy required for basic body functions, thermic effect of activity and food, and adaptive thermogenesis. BMR accounts for 50-75% of total energy expenditure and can be estimated using formulas factoring in weight, height, age, and gender. Tracking energy intake and expenditure helps determine if a person has a surplus, deficit, or balance of calories.
Energy Balance
This document discusses how energy from the sun interacts with the atmosphere and Earth's surface. Solar radiation enters the atmosphere and is scattered, refracted, reflected, or absorbed. Atmospheric gases and particles influence these processes. Absorbed radiation is transferred within the atmosphere and at the surface via conduction, convection, and radiation. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and clouds contribute to the greenhouse effect by trapping infrared radiation emitted from the surface. The surface and atmospheric energy budgets describe the distribution of solar energy after it passes through the atmosphere and reaches the Earth's surface.
Proteins simplified
Proteins are macromolecules made up of amino acids that are essential for human life. They are needed for growth, tissue repair, enzyme and hormone production. The building blocks of proteins are 22 amino acids, some of which must be obtained through diet. Common sources of protein include meat, eggs, dairy, grains, legumes and nuts. Protein requirements vary based on age, gender and activity level but adults generally need 0.8-1 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily. Proteins are classified based on structure, solubility and nutritional properties and perform many important functions in the human body.
NTP chapter 3
This document provides an overview of nutrition assessment as the foundation of the nutrition care process. It discusses collecting both subjective and objective data through tools, tests, and measurements. Subjective data includes interviews and observations, while objective data comes from medical records and tests. Anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI and body composition analysis provide information. Biochemical tests evaluate proteins, hematology, vitamins and minerals. Indirect calorimetry and equations estimate energy needs. Assessment data is interpreted to identify nutrition problems and diagnose nutritional status.
Biochemical Assessment PowerPoint
This document provides an overview of biochemical tests used to assess nutritional status. It discusses static tests that directly measure nutrients and functional tests that indirectly reflect nutrient deficiency. Protein status is challenging to evaluate but can be assessed via creatinine height index, nitrogen balance, albumin, prealbumin, and immunocompetence. Iron status involves ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell indicators. Common blood panels include CBC, metabolic, and lipid to evaluate nutrients, minerals, enzymes, and metabolites. Biochemical tests are useful but have limitations, so a comprehensive evaluation is best.
Urea cycle
Urea was first discovered in 1727 and synthesized artificially in 1828 by Friedrich Wohler, marking the first time an organic compound was synthesized from inorganic materials without living organisms. The urea cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia in many animals, primarily occurring in the liver and kidneys. It is the main process by which ammonia is detoxified and converted into urea for excretion, as ammonia is toxic to the body. The overall reaction of the urea cycle converts ammonium, bicarbonate, and other compounds into urea, releasing energy through ATP hydrolysis.
Nutrients And Assessment
This document discusses nutrition and its importance for growth in infants and children. It defines key terms like nutrients, metabolism, energy expenditure and requirements. It describes the unique nutritional needs of infants and children for rapid growth. It discusses the major macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, fats, water) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals) and their functions, sources and requirements. It also covers topics like body composition, nutritional assessment, protein quality and estimating energy requirements.
DIETARY ASSESSMENT SEMINAR
This document provides an overview of general methods of dietary assessment. It discusses various methods used at both the individual and national level, including food balance sheets, 24-hour recall, food frequency questionnaires, weighed food records, and dietary history. It also covers the purposes of dietary assessment, such as improving individual diets, planning food strategies, and assessing nutrition programs. Limitations of different methods are outlined. National agencies involved in nutritional surveillance in India, such as the National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau, are also mentioned.
10. assessment of nutritional status
This document discusses various methods for assessing nutritional status, including direct methods like anthropometric measurements, biochemical tests, clinical exams, and dietary evaluations as well as indirect methods using community health data. It provides details on anthropometric indicators like BMI, waist circumference, and hip measurements. Clinical exams can identify signs of deficiencies in hair, mouth, eyes, nails, skin, thyroid, and bones. Biochemical tests of blood and urine are useful to detect early nutritional changes. Dietary assessments include 24-hour recalls, food frequency questionnaires, and food diaries.
malnutrition classification and severe malnutrition management
The document discusses malnutrition, defining it as a cellular imbalance between nutrient supply and demand. It describes different types of malnutrition including protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and specific forms like marasmus and kwashiorkor. PEM is the primary nutritional problem in developing countries, affecting growth and survival in children under 5 years old. Management of severe malnutrition involves treating infections, regulating electrolytes, micronutrients and gradual feeding to support recovery without overwhelming the body's slowed systems.
Protein metabolism
Protein metabolism involves the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and their use and degradation throughout the body. Amino acids from food sources are broken down through digestion and absorbed. They are used for protein synthesis, forming hormones and other compounds, and undergo constant breakdown and renewal to replenish amino acid reserves. Excess amino acids have their nitrogen removed through transamination or oxidative deamination, producing ammonia. The liver plays a key role in nitrogen excretion by converting toxic ammonia into less toxic urea via the urea cycle, which is then excreted in urine.
Protein metabolism
1. Protein metabolism involves the breakdown of amino acids into ammonia and carbon skeletons, and the reuse of these components for new protein synthesis or energy production. Amino acids undergo transamination, deamination, and are metabolized through the urea cycle to dispose of ammonia.
2. The urea cycle is a series of chemical reactions that converts ammonia into urea for excretion. It occurs primarily in the liver and involves five enzymatic steps to incorporate ammonia and carbon into the relatively non-toxic urea molecule.
3. Defects in protein metabolism can cause inborn errors such as phenylketonuria, maple syrup urine disease, and defects in the urea cycle, which
TRANSDEAMINATION AND DEAMINATION
This document discusses transdeamination and deamination processes in the human body. It explains that transdeamination involves transamination followed by oxidative deamination, where the amino group is transported from tissues to the liver as glutamic acid and then deaminated in liver mitochondria. Transamination is the exchange of an amino group from one molecule, like an amino acid, to a keto group on another molecule like a keto acid. Deamination removes the amino group from a molecule, primarily through oxidative deamination of glutamic acid in the liver, converting the amino acid into a keto acid and ammonia. The ammonia is further processed in the urea cycle and excreted.
Amino acid metabolism
The document discusses amino acid metabolism. It begins by defining amino acids as derivatives of carboxylic acids with an amino group substitution. Amino acids are essential for building proteins and participate in many metabolic reactions. They are classified by the properties of their side chains. Protein digestion involves proteases in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that hydrolyze proteins into amino acids. Amino acids are absorbed into the blood and transported to tissues. Within cells, amino groups are transferred between amino acids and ketoacids in transamination reactions or removed as ammonia by deamination. The liver converts ammonia into less toxic urea via the urea cycle to prevent intoxication. Defects in the urea cycle can
Biochemistry ii protein (metabolism of amino acids) (new edition)
This document discusses the metabolism of amino acids. It begins with an introduction and overview of amino acid classification, definitions of terms like nitrogen balance and biological value, and the digestion and absorption of proteins. It then covers the metabolic fates of amino acids, including removal of ammonia via deamination, transamination, and transdeamination. The carbon skeletons of amino acids can be used for biosynthesis, the synthesis of non-protein nitrogen compounds, or energy production. Ammonia is further metabolized. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key processes in amino acid metabolism.
Viewers also liked (20)
malnutrition classification and severe malnutrition management
malnutrition classification and severe malnutrition management
Biochemistry ii protein (metabolism of amino acids) (new edition)
Biochemistry ii protein (metabolism of amino acids) (new edition)
Similar to Mito viewer loop presentaion
LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATUR...
ABSTRACT Introduction: Fetal and neonatal hypoxia takes a special place among the damaging factors of central nervous system (CNS). All forms of oxygen deficiency are accompanied
by the development of bioenergetic hypoxia, which leads to tension of metabolic processes of the organism. Metabolic effect of hypoxia includes stark reduce of mitochondrial
activity due to a significant inhibition enzymes of the Krebs cycle: succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). In newborn babies is not always possible
to objectively assess the condition of the CNS defeat, because very often the severity of lesions does not correspond to clinical symptoms, especially in premature newborns. So
far determination the severity of hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions is still very actual in modern medicine. More objective method of such an assessment is determine the activity
of neurospecific enolase (NSE).
The aim of the paper is to increase the efficiency of diagnosis of hypoxic CNS lesions in premature infants by determining the activity of NSE and study energy supply during
the neonatal period.
Materials and methods: The concentration of NSE, SDH and LDH were determined in 15 conventionally healthy preterm infants (CHPI), which made the comparison group, and
64 premature babies with hypoxic-ischemic CNS lesions, which were divided into three groups: I group - 26 premature children with mild CNS lesions; II group - 20 premature
children with severe hypoxic lesions and low birth weight; III group - 18 premature newborns with severe damage of central nervous system and extremely low birth weight.
NSE activity was determined by enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company «Fujirebio» (Sweden) on an automatic analyzer «Multiscan Plus» company «Labsystems»
(Finland). Material for investigation was peripheral venous blood of newborns, which collected by vein punction at morning on an empty stomach.
Results and conclusions: Metabolic effect of hypoxia in premature infants manifested by severe inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory activity, which appears in the reduction
of aerobic enzyme activity of SDH and activation serum LDH. During the neonatal period in infants with perinatal hypoxic- ischemic lesions of the CNS levels of the of NSE, SDH
and LDG aren't normalized, that indicated on energy deficiency and requires the development of effective methods of correcting this condition. Perinatal hypoxia in premature
neonates causes significant alteration of neuronal membranes and increase concentration in blood such neurospecific protein as NSE, whose concentration correlates with the
degree of severity of CNS injury.
KEY WORDS: hypoxia, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, neurospecific enolase, premature newborns
CRP.pdf
Synthesis and release of natriuretic peptides in cardiac diseases
Pathophysiology of natriuretic peptides is oxygen sensitive
Clinical insights and challenges: A rare case report of Leigh syndrome
Leigh syndrome is a severe neurological disorder that impairs mobility and respiration, among other bodily
functions. Progressive brain deterioration is what makes it distinctive. This case report describes a 10-monthold female child who displayed symptoms such as vibratory movements in the right upper and left lower limbs,
failure to thrive, decreased activity, and vomiting after consuming supplemental feeds. Multiple clinical signs of
Leigh syndrome, including missed developmental milestones and mild acute malnutrition, were identified during
a physical examination. So the symptoms that led to the diagnosis of Leigh syndrome were quadriparesis,
dystonia, intermittent stridor (laryngeal dystonia), and bulbar weakness
Osmotic demyelination syndrome
1) A 58-year old male developed central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) and extrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) four days after being discharged from the ICU following treatment for hyponatremia.
2) CPM was first described in 1959 as a demyelinating condition affecting the pons seen in alcoholic and malnourished patients. Subsequent studies found it can result from rapid correction of hyponatremia.
3) The pathogenesis of CPM/EPM involves rapid correction of hyponatremia causing an osmotic gradient that opens the blood-brain barrier, allowing blood factors to enter and cause demyelination. The specific
Cerebral oximetry
Neurological complaints are a common cause of morbidity following cardiac surgery. Adverse central nervous system outcomes include stroke, neurocognitive decline, and delirium. The risk of stroke increases with age and may be as high as 7-9% in patients over 75 years old. Neurocognitive decline can occur in 60% of patients at 1 week post-op and 25-30% between 2 months and 1 year post-op. Neurological injuries following cardiac surgery can be caused by embolization, hypoperfusion, tissue ischemia, or neurodegeneration. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive method for monitoring regional cerebral oxygen saturation and detecting cerebral desaturations in real-time, which has been shown
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Neuroimaging in psychiatry
This document provides an overview of neuroimaging techniques used in psychiatry. It discusses various structural and functional neuroimaging methods including CT, MRI, fMRI, SPECT, PET, DTI, and MRS. CT and MRI provide structural images while fMRI, SPECT, PET, and MRS assess brain function by measuring activity, blood flow, and metabolite levels. Neuroimaging has improved understanding of psychiatric conditions and informed research on the pathophysiology of disorders.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1
Hypoxia-mediated selection leads to cells with diminished apoptotic potential. Cancer cells can die through either necrosis or apoptosis. Necrosis is unregulated cell death, while apoptosis is a regulated process of cell suicide. Apoptosis is triggered when DNA damage cannot be repaired. Bcl-2 proteins help determine whether a cell undergoes apoptosis or survives under hypoxic conditions. Diminished apoptotic potential allows cancer cells to survive hypoxia and evade cell death.
Mitochondrial Turnover Rate Essay
The mitochondrial population in cells is highly dynamic, exhibiting variable turnover rates. Mitochondria are constantly renewed through a regulated transcriptional network that replenishes mitochondria while degrading old or damaged ones. The rate of mitochondrial turnover varies between tissues and can increase in response to certain stimuli, but is normally on the order of days to weeks, with a few percent replaced each day under basal conditions. Mitochondrial turnover is important for cellular homeostasis and may be regulated by circadian rhythms.
The science of healing, Dr Thornton Streeter for Spring Energy Event NY 2019
The document summarizes various non-invasive screening and imaging techniques for assessing health and disease states, including the biofield viewer, thermal imaging, multi-scan pro, and discusses their applications and future potential for preventative healthcare. It also covers concepts of dimensional consciousness and how different dimensions relate to chakras, elements, states of awareness.
Vol 1,issue 7 paper (5) page 26-31
Background: Body of literature are becoming pronounced that pathological condition in one organ of the body might have an effect on other distal organs owing to the fact, that the entire body metabolism is orchestrated centrally.
Pathological events occurring in an organ are likely to be extended to other organs. Pretreatment that minimize these events are presumed to be beneficial to the extended organs.
Methods: Following 30 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion in the kidney, rats under anesthesia were sacrificed and blood sample collected through cardiac puncture. Serum level of troponin I, and activities of total creatine kinase (CK), mass creatine kinase (CK-MB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma –glutamyl transferase (GGT) were estimated spectrophotometrically.
Results: Serum troponin I increased to 0.031 ± 0.001 ng/ml in the ischemic group, and following pretreatment with Lmm (600mg/kg), serum level of troponin I decreased significantly to 0.021 ± 0.001 ng/ml (P<.05).><.05),><.05)><.05).
Book role of plants, environmental toxins and physical neurotoxicological fac...
Book role of plants, environmental toxins and physical neurotoxicological fac...M. Luisetto Pharm.D.Spec. Pharmacology
This document summarizes a book titled "Role of Plants, environmental toxins and physical neurotoxicological factors in Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases." It has 10 authors from various countries. The book aims to observe the effects of plant neurotoxins, physical factors, and geography on neurodegenerative diseases like ALS, PD, and AD. It reviews literature on geographic clusters of these diseases and genetic mutations. It also discusses the brain's high metabolic needs, interactions between neurons and astrocytes, and how impairments in these systems can lead to neurodegeneration. The book presents figures and intends to develop new hypotheses and therapies based on contributing pathogenic factors.Cfs 1
This document discusses chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and proposes that mitochondrial dysfunction may play a role in its pathogenesis. It presents two hypotheses: (A) CFS symptoms are due to psychological factors and normal metabolism, and (A') symptoms are due to deconditioning; (B) CFS results from a metabolic dysfunction causing insufficient energy production. The document reviews evidence that mitochondrial abnormalities have been found in CFS patients and may explain various symptoms. It then describes a study using a commercial "ATP profile" test on CFS patients and healthy controls, finding unexpected results that correlated mitochondrial dysfunction with illness severity.
CLINICAL ENZYMOLOGY in veterinary medicine.pdf
This document discusses several clinically important enzymes and isoenzymes. It begins by listing objectives related to enzymes and isoenzymes used in medicine. It then discusses specific enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase that are measured in plasma to diagnose conditions like myocardial infarction and liver disease. It explains how isoenzymes provide clues to the site of pathology. Measurement of these enzyme levels and isoenzymes in disease states can provide information about organ involvement, etiology, extent of disease, and disease course.
Effect Of Hypoxia On Ceramide
Mild hypothermia after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) may enhance the therapeutic effects of neural stem cell transplantation, according to a study in neonatal HIE mice. The study found lower levels of apoptosis and inflammation in mice that received both neural stem cell transplantation and hypothermia treatment compared to other treatment groups. Transplanted cells also survived and differentiated better with the combined treatment. Mice in this group showed improved functional recovery compared to other groups in sensorimotor and behavioral tests, suggesting hypothermia protects grafted cells and attenuates injury after HIE.
Pediatric traumatic brain injury presentation
This document provides an overview of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) management. It describes the case of a 13-year-old male involved in a motor vehicle collision. Key goals in management include maintaining cerebral perfusion pressure, decreasing intracranial pressure, and preventing secondary injury. Early management focuses on airway protection, oxygenation, imaging, and treating hypotension and elevated ICP. Refractory elevated ICP may be treated with osmotherapy, barbiturates, or decompressive craniectomy. Ongoing intensive care involves careful monitoring and treatment of ICP, CPP, seizures, and other complications. Outcomes depend on age, injury severity, and development of secondary insults like hypot
shock marker
The document discusses cellular response and biochemical markers of shock. It summarizes that cellular response to shock is reflected in clinical manifestations and lactate is the most important biochemical marker of shock, supported by evidence. However, other markers like procalcitonin, D-dimers, and protein C have conflicting evidence and need further validation to diagnose infection in patients with sepsis or septic shock. Nitrite/nitrate concentration and procalcitonin level may be the most suitable tests for defining patients with septic shock.
Jpcr luisetto m, naseer a, ghulam r m, ahmed yesvi, farhan a k, et al. endoge...
Jpcr luisetto m, naseer a, ghulam r m, ahmed yesvi, farhan a k, et al. endoge...M. Luisetto Pharm.D.Spec. Pharmacology
This document discusses the potential for a new field of "Endogenous Archeology" that uses evidence from human evolution and physiology to better understand modern human behavior, biology, and disease. It provides examples from various scientific disciplines like neuroscience, immunology, and genetics that could be studied through this lens. The document also reviews several studies that have analyzed human brain development and cognition through an evolutionary perspective, finding that brain shape became modern around 100,000-35,000 years ago as behaviors also emerged, suggesting genetic changes impacted early brain growth. This new field could integrate evidence across many areas to develop a more holistic understanding of the ancient origins and archeological processes still present in human mind, body, and disease today.Presentation1
Sevoflurane is a halogenated ether used for inhalational anesthesia. It has several advantages for neuroanesthesia compared to other agents. Sevoflurane maintains cerebral autoregulation at clinical doses, has minimal effects on intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow, allows for rapid induction and emergence from anesthesia enabling early neurological assessment, and may provide cytoprotective effects in the brain. While sevoflurane is well-tolerated in most patients, it can potentially trigger malignant hyperthermia or other adverse effects like nausea, vomiting or seizures in some individuals.
Lab diagnosis of chronic meningitis. tavr
chronic meningitis is a potentially treatable neurological disease .If diagnosed early ,patient c declared cure with treatment.......
Similar to Mito viewer loop presentaion (20)
LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATUR...
LABORATORY CRITERIA OF PERINATAL DAMAGE OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AT PREMATUR...
Clinical insights and challenges: A rare case report of Leigh syndrome
Clinical insights and challenges: A rare case report of Leigh syndrome
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI)
The science of healing, Dr Thornton Streeter for Spring Energy Event NY 2019
The science of healing, Dr Thornton Streeter for Spring Energy Event NY 2019
Book role of plants, environmental toxins and physical neurotoxicological fac...
Book role of plants, environmental toxins and physical neurotoxicological fac...
Jpcr luisetto m, naseer a, ghulam r m, ahmed yesvi, farhan a k, et al. endoge...
Jpcr luisetto m, naseer a, ghulam r m, ahmed yesvi, farhan a k, et al. endoge...
Recently uploaded
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف أحرف الخلاف للقراء العشرةأعد أحرف الخلاف بالتلوين وصلا سمير بسيوني غفر الله له
HYPERTENSION - SLIDE SHARE PRESENTATION.
IT WILL BE HELPFULL FOR THE NUSING STUDENTS
IT FOCUSED ON MEDICAL MANAGEMENT AND NURSING MANAGEMENT.
HIGHLIGHTS ON HEALTH EDUCATION.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation results
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Benner "Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
Recently uploaded (20)
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
SWOT analysis in the project Keeping the Memory @live.pptx
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
مصحف القراءات العشر أعد أحرف الخلاف سمير بسيوني.pdf
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.ppt
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdf
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Lifelines of National Economy chapter for Class 10 STUDY MATERIAL PDF
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Mito viewer loop presentaion
- 1. Monitoring of Tissue Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Function Very New Development by Prizmatix Ltd. ISRAEL www.Prizmatix.com
- 2. Optical assessment of intracellular Mitochondrial Function Using NADH monitoring by the MitoViewer By Prizmatix Ltd.Israel www.Prizmatix.com Mito NADH Viewer Mitochondrion
- 3. Mitochondrial Function represents the energy balance of the tissue Mitochondrial Function represents the energy balance of the tissue Tissue Energy Balance Mitochondrial NADH (Fluorometry) ATP Demand Typical Examples: Kidney Function Gastrointestinal Activity Muscle Contraction Brain Ionic Homeostasis Glandular Secretion Supply Tissue Blood Flow (LDF) HbO 2 Hemoglobin Oxygenation (Oximetry) Venule Arteriole O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2 O 2
- 4. Tissue energy balance between supply and demand is reflected by the mitochondria Energy Supply Mitochondrial NADH Redox State Energy Demand 1. Ionic Homeostasis 2. Signal Conduction 3. Muscle contraction 4. Glandular Secretion 5. G-I tract and kidney Function Tissue Energy Balance TBF pO 2 HbO 2
- 6. Body metabolic imbalances Cancer Neuro- degenerative Diseases Nervous System Development Proliferation Therapy Parkinson’s Alzheimer’s Huntington Amyotrophic Lateral sclerosis Hepatitis C Hepatopathies Tubulopathy Transplantation Traumatic brain injury Adults Newborns & Children Spinal cord Stroke & Neuronal activity Sepsis Intensive Care Patients Neonatal Adults Liver & Kidney Human diseases related to mitochondrial activity
- 7. Where to Monitor NADH redox state During the last 60 years NADH was monitored almost in all organs of the body. Our group (Mayevsky et al) had published more than 150 papers in various animal models. More than 1,000 papers had been published in this area of research.
- 8. kidney Testis Small Intestine Liver Heart Urethra Spinal cord Animal Clinical Clinical Pigs Oxygen deficiency Ischemia NO Drugs TBI Hyperbaria HBO Clinical Activation CO Hemorrhage Hypothermia Aging Sepsis NADH Ischemia NE NE Ischemia NE Hypercapnia Papaverine Ischemia N 2 NE Hemorrhage AAA ICU Bypass Pacing Hypopnea Ischemia Drugs (Ach, NE, vasoactive) Compression Ischemia Epilepsy SD Mannitol ICP elevation Retraction Anoxia Hypoxia Hypercapnia Nimodipine Ethanol Anesthetics Uncoupler During operation ICU Brain
- 9. The UV light is helping us to shed new light into the darkness of Mitochondrial Functions
- 10. Optical assessment of intracellular Mitochondrial Function Using NADH monitoring by the MitoViewer By Prizmatix Ltd.Israel www.Prizmatix.com Mito NADH Viewer Mitochondrion
- 11. Detailed description of the MitoViewer components
- 12. 6% Oxygen Air 100% Oxygen Air Reflectance Fluorescence NADH
- 13. Most of the information related to NADH monitoring appears in the following review : Mayevsky, A. and Rogatsky,G.G. Mitochondrial function evaluated by NADH fluorescence: From animal models to human studies. Am J Physiol, Cell Physiol 292: C615-C640 (2007)
- 14. For additional information contact: Prof. Avraham Mayevsky [email_address] www.mitochondrial-medicine.com Prizmatix Ltd. POB 4234,Modiin-Ilite 71919, ISRAEL Phone: +972-8-929-7844 Fax: +972-8-929-8772 www.prizmatix.com