Modern gadgets and machines such as medical equipments, mobile phones, cars and even military hardware run on software. The operational efficiency and accuracy of these machines are critical to life and the well being of modern civilization. When the software powering these machines fail it exposes life to danger and can cause the failure of businesses. In this paper, software quality measure is presented with the emphasis on improving standard and controlling damages that may result from badly developed application. The research shows various software quality standards and quality metrics and how they can be applied. The application of the metrics in measuring software quality in the research produced results which shows that the code metrics performance is better than the design metrics performance and points to a new way of improving quality by refactoring application code instead of developing new designs. This is believed to ensure reusability and reduced failure rate when software is developed
EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED SIMPLICITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWAREijseajournal
Software program developers need to go from beginning to ending and understand source code of the program and other software attributes. The software complexities and length of the program exceedingly affects many design level quality attributes, specifically Simplicity, Testability and software
Maintainability. Incomplete design of any software generally leads to misunderstanding and ambiguities
and therefore to gives faulty design and development results. This is mainly seeming and appears owing to
the absence of it’s an appropriate observation, design and development control. However, high level design
and program simplicity are very necessary and one of the vital attributes of the system development cycle.This research paper highlights the impact and significance of design level software simplicity in common and as a one of the most useful key factor or index of software quality assurance and testing. In this research work principally there are three major efforts are made. As a first contribution, a valuable
relationship between software design quality factor simplicity and related object oriented design
properties, this has been set up. In the second contribution, using design level corresponding metrics a
simplicity evaluation model for object oriented software is developed. Subsequently, the developed
simplicity model has been rationally authenticated by means of experimental data try-out.
Modern gadgets and machines such as medical equipments, mobile phones, cars and even military hardware run on software. The operational efficiency and accuracy of these machines are critical to life and the well being of modern civilization. When the software powering these machines fail it exposes life to danger and can cause the failure of businesses. In this paper, software quality measure is presented with the emphasis on improving standard and controlling damages that may result from badly developed application. The research shows various software quality standards and quality metrics and how they can be applied. The application of the metrics in measuring software quality in the research produced results which shows that the code metrics performance is better than the design metrics performance and points to a new way of improving quality by refactoring application code instead of developing new designs. This is believed to ensure reusability and reduced failure rate when software is developed
EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED SIMPLICITY EVALUATION MODEL FOR OBJECT ORIENTED SOFTWAREijseajournal
Software program developers need to go from beginning to ending and understand source code of the program and other software attributes. The software complexities and length of the program exceedingly affects many design level quality attributes, specifically Simplicity, Testability and software
Maintainability. Incomplete design of any software generally leads to misunderstanding and ambiguities
and therefore to gives faulty design and development results. This is mainly seeming and appears owing to
the absence of it’s an appropriate observation, design and development control. However, high level design
and program simplicity are very necessary and one of the vital attributes of the system development cycle.This research paper highlights the impact and significance of design level software simplicity in common and as a one of the most useful key factor or index of software quality assurance and testing. In this research work principally there are three major efforts are made. As a first contribution, a valuable
relationship between software design quality factor simplicity and related object oriented design
properties, this has been set up. In the second contribution, using design level corresponding metrics a
simplicity evaluation model for object oriented software is developed. Subsequently, the developed
simplicity model has been rationally authenticated by means of experimental data try-out.
Defect Prevention Based on 5 Dimensions of Defect Originijseajournal
Discovering the unexpected is more important than confirming the known [7]. In software development,
the “unexpected” one relates to defects. These defects when unattended would cause failure to the product
and risk to the users. The increasing dependency of society on software and the crucial consequences that a
failure can cause requires the need to find out the defects at the origin itself. Based on the lessons learnt
from the earlier set of projects, a defect framework highlighting the 5 Dimensions (Ds) of defect origin is
proposed in this work. The defect framework is based on analyzing the defects that had emerged from
various stages of software development like Requirements, Design, Coding, Testing and Timeline (defects
due to lack of time during development). This study is not limited to just identifying the origin of defects at
various phases of software development but also finds out the reasons for such defects, and defect
preventive (DP) measures are proposed for each type of defect. This work can help practitioners choose
effective defect avoidance measures.
In addition to arriving at defect framework, this work also proposes a defect injection metric based on
severity of the defect rather than just defect count, which gives the number of adjusted defects produced by
a project at various phases. The defect injection metric value, once calculated, serves as a yardstick to
make a comparison in the improvements made in the software process development between similar set of
projects.
Software development is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.
Process Improvement for better Software Technical Quality under Global Crisis...Optimyth Software
Software development failure rates are higher than any other mankind activity. Lack of quality is frequently the most relevant underlying reason. Agile methodologies offer a framework that try to support change, covering scope and time/budget, and keeping quality at an adequate level at the same time. But the gap between current software complexity and the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) knowledge, techniques and tools has grown bigger, even for organizations with high maturity level correctly using Agile methodologies.
Experience tells us that simply adopting Agile was not sufficient for producing software with quality above average. The most efficient techniques and trends from the SQA arsenal, adapted to Agile methodologies, will be discussed. Their cost/benefit ratios will be analyzed, and a process improvement roadmap will be presented, as a practical way to made software deliverables both more agile and with higher technical quality, under the constraints dictated by the Global Economic Crisis.
The presentation ends with a case study in process improvement for quality in a TSP + Agile scenario, and final recommendations that any organization using Agile methodologies could implement for short-term benefits.
It's about software engineering diversity. To build a software at first we fixed our requirements and according to our requirements we have to choose perfect software design and implementation techniques. For different software we have to select different kinds of techniques.
job
Welcome to Direct Done, Find the best software development work project that developers are needed. We are the best website that offers the employer and employment job.
https://directdone.com/
Defect Prevention Based on 5 Dimensions of Defect Originijseajournal
Discovering the unexpected is more important than confirming the known [7]. In software development,
the “unexpected” one relates to defects. These defects when unattended would cause failure to the product
and risk to the users. The increasing dependency of society on software and the crucial consequences that a
failure can cause requires the need to find out the defects at the origin itself. Based on the lessons learnt
from the earlier set of projects, a defect framework highlighting the 5 Dimensions (Ds) of defect origin is
proposed in this work. The defect framework is based on analyzing the defects that had emerged from
various stages of software development like Requirements, Design, Coding, Testing and Timeline (defects
due to lack of time during development). This study is not limited to just identifying the origin of defects at
various phases of software development but also finds out the reasons for such defects, and defect
preventive (DP) measures are proposed for each type of defect. This work can help practitioners choose
effective defect avoidance measures.
In addition to arriving at defect framework, this work also proposes a defect injection metric based on
severity of the defect rather than just defect count, which gives the number of adjusted defects produced by
a project at various phases. The defect injection metric value, once calculated, serves as a yardstick to
make a comparison in the improvements made in the software process development between similar set of
projects.
Software development is the process of conceiving, specifying, designing, programming, documenting, testing, and bug fixing involved in creating and maintaining applications, frameworks, or other software components.
Process Improvement for better Software Technical Quality under Global Crisis...Optimyth Software
Software development failure rates are higher than any other mankind activity. Lack of quality is frequently the most relevant underlying reason. Agile methodologies offer a framework that try to support change, covering scope and time/budget, and keeping quality at an adequate level at the same time. But the gap between current software complexity and the Software Quality Assurance (SQA) knowledge, techniques and tools has grown bigger, even for organizations with high maturity level correctly using Agile methodologies.
Experience tells us that simply adopting Agile was not sufficient for producing software with quality above average. The most efficient techniques and trends from the SQA arsenal, adapted to Agile methodologies, will be discussed. Their cost/benefit ratios will be analyzed, and a process improvement roadmap will be presented, as a practical way to made software deliverables both more agile and with higher technical quality, under the constraints dictated by the Global Economic Crisis.
The presentation ends with a case study in process improvement for quality in a TSP + Agile scenario, and final recommendations that any organization using Agile methodologies could implement for short-term benefits.
It's about software engineering diversity. To build a software at first we fixed our requirements and according to our requirements we have to choose perfect software design and implementation techniques. For different software we have to select different kinds of techniques.
job
Welcome to Direct Done, Find the best software development work project that developers are needed. We are the best website that offers the employer and employment job.
https://directdone.com/
Measure Everything That Results In Client Satisfaction (METRICS) is a methodology created for Ivan Luizio Magalhães as part of the evolution of the Strategic Activity System (SAS) and Value Strategic Management (VSM)
methodologies and integrated with the Intelligence System (evidence-based consulting system), having for base many
techniques as processes improvement, total quality management and the Kano Model.
slides on understanding workplace ethics, what it affects, benefits of workplace ethics, slides on ethic codes, codes of conduct, values, ethic programs, required resources, two ethical styles, 3 steps to resolve ethical dilemmas and how to address ethical dilemmas, guidelines and slides on implementing ethic programs, detecting 6 key roles and responsibilities, guidelines for moral decision making, 10 common ethic code provisions, 15 slides on creating an effective code of conduct, and more.
Example Call Center Work/Information Flow DiagramEquilibria, Inc.
There are bound to be times when your customer support team encounters a problem dealing with customers. You have no control over what customers say or do, but you do have control over how team members respond to questions or complaints in an efficient and productive way. With a combination of competent team members, well-written scripts and the right technology, your business can attract and retain happy and loyal customers.
Process maps (flowcharts) are one tool companies use to ensure team members know how to address customer support questions, escalate issues, and route calls. In this presentation, we begin with a process map given to employees working in a call center to screen job candidates. If you enjoy working with flowcharts, you’ll love this method to investigate your own customer service model. More process map templates are available for download at www.eqbsystems.com/shop. Thanks for watching!
Slides on why office etiquette is important, 6 rules for using your cell phone at work, 8 rules for e-mail etiquette, 8 slides on how to behave at office parties, 7 tips about eating etiquette, guidelines for using the office bathroom, 15 slides on office attire, important things for working in open and partitioned workplaces/offices, guidelines for bringing your dog into the office, 3 things you should know when you become a new mom, tips and guidelines about gift-giving in the office, 8 slides on telephone etiquette, 9 tips about twitter etiquette, 7 guidelines for sending business greeting cards, 9 slides on how to take teleclasses, 9 tips for business meals, and office etiquette for recent graduates.
Introduction to Software engineering Concepts which includes Software Process Model, SRS documents, Requirement Engineering Process, Architectural Modeling, software Products, Risk Management Process, SDLC Model, Professional & Ethical Responsibilities, System & its Environment, System Procurement (COTS & Contractor Method), System Engineering Process, System Reliability Engineering, Human factors, Functional & Non-Functional Requirements
Dear students get fully solved SMU MBA assignments
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A New Model for Study of Quality Attributes to Components Based Development A...Kiogyf
A New Model for Study of Quality Attributes to Components Based Development Approach
by bstract :
Software development costs, time - to release and quality product are important factors affecting the construction of software. Different types of tools and techniques are suggested by researchers to improve in delivering quality software systems with lower cost and reduce time to delivery. One such practice is development of software using ased Software Development (CBSD) techniques. CBSD recommended Component Bbuilding software systems using existing reusable components, instead of writing from scratch. The main objective of CBSD is to writes once and reuse any number of time with no or modification . Some of the advantages that a company may available by adapting CBSD for the Software development are shorter development time which results in meet tight dead line, increase productivity and Quality Product. CBSD also, s paper is to develop the new model of software support reusability. The aim of thiproduct and describe the characteristics of some selected of attributes of CBSD models that are widely practiced in software industries. We proposed a complete model for or reuse. This Model will cover both Component Based Software Development fcomponent based software development as well as Component development phases for
A - Model. This Model is represent one good solution for Component Based Development with reduce cost and time to deliverable and save the quality of product . Keywords: Component Based Approach, Quality Model, Quality Attributes, , A - Model for CBD .
1. Introduction
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process whi.pdfaniyathikitchen
Systems Development Life Cycle(SDLC) is the step by step process which we are following to
complete software project that includes development and testing.
There are 6 different phases available in SDLC.
1.Requirements
2.Analysis
3.System Design
4.System Implementation / Coding
5.System Testing and Integration
6.Release or System maintenance
1.Requirements:
This is the first phase in SDLC,once the project has been confirmed between client and company
will provide directly requirements to the company BA team.
Defining the problems,adjectives such as resources and personal costs.
Studying the ability of providing alternative solutions after meeting with clients,suppliers,c
consultants and employees.
After analyzing this you have a three choices i.e. develop a new system,improve the current
system/project or leave a system.
2.System Analysis:
End users requirements should be determined and documented,what their expectations are there
for the system,and how it will perform.
It was very important to maintain strong communication level with the clients to make sure you
have a clear vision of a product.
3.System Design:
In this phase defines the elements of a system,the components,the security levels and the
modules,architecture and different interfaces.
In this design phase high level and low level designers will design system process.
4.System Implementation / Coding :
In this phase development team will involving to write the actual coding functional modules.
In this phase system is ready to be deployed and installed customer premises.
Training will be given end users depends upon the project
5.System testing and Integration testing
During this phase testing team involved to ensures customer satisfaction and it will no required
coding knowledge.
Testing team performed real users it was systematic process in testing and done the integration
testing and automation testing if required.
6.Release and system maintenance:
During this phase technical team will be involving delay the application into production
environment.
Technical team and testing team will be involving to provide support to client while using
application production.
In the above question is that critical activity may include the coding of the application as per
client requirement is very difficult and gathering the requirements from the client also very
effecient task in SDLC process.
My position include coding of a project and in that project client need the minimum 3 months of
time for deploying the application into the production then our manager and team lead will
mainly focus on the developer in the project.
If we develop project then the testing team will find the errors and then that errors we will again
rectify and where that bugs are impacting we will find.
B.
In project we are following the agile methodology.this will includes the following
Customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software
Welcome changing requirements,e Ben late in development
Working software is .
Identification of required software, Analysis of the software requirements, Detailed specification of the software requirements, Software design, Programming, Testing, Maintenance
Software Development Today Everything You Need To Know.pdfchristiemarie4
Willing to develop software for your enterprise, but confused about where to start? Here is the blog that explains everything you need to know about software development.
Introduction: What is software engineering? Software Development Life Cycle, Requirements Analysis, Software Design, Coding, Testing, Maintenance etc.
Software Requirements: Functional and Non-functional requirements, User Requirements, System Requirements, Documentation of the software requirements.
Software Processes:
Process and Project, Component Software Processes.
Software Development Process Models.
Waterfall Model. Prototyping.
Iterative Development.
The RAD Model
DELIVER QUALITY SOFTWARE PRODUCTS BY FOLLOWING SIMPLE STEPSTechahead Software
Outsourcing is cost-effective, and offshore software outsourcing, in particular, helps reduce development costs, which leads to a reduced market price and more competitiveness.
Criterion 1
A - 4 - Mastery
Pros and Cons: Thoroughly compares the pros and cons of using the tracking devices in the shipping business as a function of competitive advantage. ; Several relevant examples and original observations are integrated throughout this section, and terminology is used correctly.Criterion 2
A - 4 - Mastery
Knowledge and Change: Examines deeply and broadly how knowledge of each truck’s location and delivery times will change the shipping business. Logical conclusions are drawn from the examination.Criterion 3
A - 4 - Mastery
Ability to Compete: Comprehensively explains how this tracking/GPS system will affect this business’s ability to compete with similar companies. ; Relevant thorough definitions and examples are provided.Criterion 4
A - 4 - Mastery
Drivers’ Reactions: Thoroughly describes how truck drivers might react to having tracking/GPS devices on the organization’s trucks. Business significance of possible reactions is explained clearly and logically. ; Professional language is used, and section is free of grammar errors.Criterion 5
A - 4 - Mastery
Privacy/Security: Thoroughly defines specific and germane privacy/security concerns in using tracking/GPS devices on the trucks. Section contains support from credible sources.Criterion 6
A - 4 - Mastery
Formatting: Begins with an introduction that completely prepares the readers for the rest of the report. ; Thoroughly addresses all points above in a correctly and professionally formatted body section. ; Ends with a brief yet complete conclusion that reminds busy readers of the document’s purpose and main supports. ; Has a References page that cites all sources in APA.
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Chapter 26: Secure Application Design
12h 44m remaining
CHAPTER
26
Secure Application Design
This chapter covers the important security considerations that should be part of the development cycle of web applications, client applications, and remote administration, illustrating potential security issues and how to solve them.
After an application is written, it is deployed into an environment of some sort, where it remains for an extended period of time with only its original features to defend it from whatever threats, mistakes, or misuse it encounters. A malicious agent in the environment, on the other hand, has that same extended period of time to observe the application and tailor its attack techniques until something works. At this point, any number of undesirable things could happen. For example, there could be a breach, there could be a vulnerability disclosure, malware exploiting the vulnerability could be released, or the exploit technique could be sold to the highest bidder.
Most of these undesirable things eventually lead to customers who are unhappy with their software vendors, regardless of whether or not the customers were willing to pay for security before the incident occurred. For that reason, security is becoming more important to organizations ...
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
1. MASTER OF SCIENCE IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
MALAYSIA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SESSION 2012/2013
COURSE : SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE
COURSE CODE : MIT520
STUDENT NAME : YUDEP APOI
LECTURE NAME : DR. SELLAPPAN PALLANIAPAN
ASSIGNMENT 1 (20%) DUE DATE: 30 NOV. 2012
Retrieve one article (paper) on software design/architecture from any journal, conference
proceedings or Website. Critique the article, highlighting how the design/architecture has
addressed the non-functional requirements of the system such as performance, scalability,
security, availability and maintainability.
MALAYSIA UNIVERSITY of
SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY
CONFIDENTIAL
2. Critique on Risks and Challenges of Component-Based Software Development
Introduction:
Title: Risks and Challenges of Component Based Software Development
Author: Yudep Apoi
Journal info: Communications of the ACM, August 2003/vol.46,No.8
Summary:
In this article, author explain that the risks and challenges of the Component-Based Software
Development (CBSD) process. Overall, component developers, application assemblers, and
customers must know all CBSD advantages and disadvantages before developing
components and component-based applications to get maximum benefits from it.
The author mention that, practitioners identify the following key CBSD advantages in future
software development efforts:
Reduced Lead Time: Complete applications can be built from existing pool of
components. So that one need not fear of developing incomplete applications due to
lack of a specific component.
Leveraged Cost: As the components developed can be reused in various applications
the cost of developing various individual components can be minimized.
Enhanced quality: The strengths and faults of the components are pre known as they
are used in many different applications. So quality of the developing applications can
be enhanced.
Easy Maintenance: Old components can be replaced with new components for
increased performance.
CBSD encompasses three primary types of stakeholders, which are component developers,
application assemblers, and customers.
3. Developers
A developer encounters certain risks and challenges in developing components, managing
component-development projects, and subsequently marketing the components. Developers
must identify business areas or domains that would generate enough yields to justify
component development. Developers must adapt to changes in the domain once the
components are fabricated. Developers must also determine the optimal way to fragment the
domain into a cohesive set of component. In managing component-development projects, a
developer must monitor each component from inception to delivery. Developers must also
assess how often to release components and how to inform clients, or assemblers, of new
versions. Before embarking on component-development projects, a developer must conduct
cost-benefit analyses to determine whether to accept a client, or assembler, and contract or
construct components for the mass market. Developers must address security issues to
alleviate client concerns about possible hacker-prone, corrupt, or virus-infected components
as well.
Assembler
Assembler risks and challenges primarily concern the assembly of components in
applications, the management of component-based application assembly projects, and the
uncertainties of the component market. Some crucial challenges in assembling component-
based applications that match user requirements include matching system requirement
specifications, demarcating the requirements document into smaller subsets, and confirming
the overall selected component set. Assemblers must deal with the lack of visibility into the
component-development process.
Customers
Customers face both risks and challenges in using component-based applications to meet
their enterprise requirements, as well as in managing their component-based and legacy
application systems and in achieving and sustaining strategic competitive advantage over
their rivals. One key risk involves whether a system is capable of satisfying customer
requirements. Customers face additional risks, as application quality (or lack of quality)
based on component quality hinders their ability to carry out key business activities. Each
customer faces risks in managing its repertoire of component-based applications. Customer
must assess which projects are more suitable for CBSD. As assemblers increasingly depend
on components developed by developers and customers depend on applications assembled by
4. assemblers, these risks and challenges propagate from one stakeholder to another. Risks faced
by one stakeholder are transferred to the next, ultimately constraining each customer’s ability
to leverage component technology in developing its application systems. While CBSD helps
overcome inadequacies in traditional development, it also poses risks to the profitability and
even long-term survival of each of its stakeholders. Before embarking on component-based
development projects, each stakeholder must assess its risks and devise sound strategies to
address them.
Strength:
The explanations by author clearly stated and its help the software manger to make a better
decision based on the explanations. It is also can be a guide for the three stakeholders’ with
risks and challenges, and what they should do.
This paper explains well about three stakeholders with risks and challenges, and what they
should do. Cost analysis can be made before hand which avoids running in troubles later.
Customers will be able to judge and take right decisions.
Weakness:
Component developers seem to make some useless components as seen in Figure 1, and
assemblers seem to gather some components they need. Developers develop components,
which are the first step of project process by CBSD. Of course, component repositories can
become obsolete because of poor planning or unfavorable industry trends. However,
developers try to reduce that kind of problems with better planning and modeling. Security
and privacy issues should be clearly addressed. Responsibility should also be taken in case of
failure of the component. Assemblers need to search for different repositories for a specific
component. Search cost should also be considered. Trust of the source from where the
component selected is also an important issue.
Critical Comments & Questions:
1. During the estimation cost of the development, are the obsolete component supposed to
be added?
2. Should developers and assemblers working together to reduce the obsolete component
and developer’s efforts?
5. 3. To identify the project that suitable for CBSD do all customers need to know about
CBSD? If yes, what if they don’t know about CBSD?
4. How will the developer know which metric is to be selected in the contract before
marketing as it cannot be judged beforehand?
Interesting Points:
I am still developing the project using traditional methodology such as Software
Development Life-Cycle (SDLC) and Spiral Model. I would like to follow this method
another day in the future if I have a chance.
Suggestion:
To get the overview of the risks involved I suggest strongly that one should read this paper
before investing on development of any critical component or CBSD projects.